国际会议口译员协会(AIIC)远程口译指南

qzmjef

AIIC Guidelines for Distance Interpreting国际会议口译员协会(AIIC)远程口译指南The Taskforce on Distance Interpreting was created to be a focal point within AIIC for issues related to all forms of distance interpreting.远程口译尤其小组是AIIC内部为处理所有远程口译关联问题而成立的。After the publication of AIICs Position Paper on Distance Interpreting in March 2018 and the Survey on Distance Interpreting conducted by the TFDI and the Research Committee, ExCo entrusted the TFDI with the compilation of more specific Guidelines for Distance Interpreting in September 2018.在2018年3月发布了《AIIC关于远程口译的立场文件》以及由远程口译国际联合会和科研委员会实施的《远程口译调查》之后，执行委员会于2018年9月拜托远程口译国际联合会编写了更详细的远程口译准则。The document contains AIICs minimum standards and best practice recommendations applicable to working conditions for video remote conference interpreting in simultaneous mode.It provides guidance when working in situations where the interpreter is not co-located with both speakers and audience.These guidelines are primarily drafted for conference interpreters, but may also be useful to recruiters of interpreting services, event and conference organizers, consultant interpreters, as well as developers and providers of technical equipment for DI.该文件包括适用于同声传译视频远程会议工作要求的AIIC最低标准和最佳实践意见，用于指点口译员怎样在与演讲者和听众均不在同一地点的状况下工作。这些指点原则重点是为会议口译员起草的，但亦可适用于口译服务的招聘人员、活动和会议组织者、顾问口译员以及远程口译（DI）技术设备的研发者和供应商。The document also covers working conditions for sign language interpreting.该文件亦适用于手语口译的工作环境。The purpose of these guidelines is to provide a starting point for a collaborative process, bringing together both membership and relevant stakeholders outside the Association, and will put AIIC in a position to accompany the development of Distance Interpreting on the world markets by formulating up-to-date requirements and recommendations for the delivery of conference interpreting services in remote.这些指点方针旨在开启一项新的合作进程，即将协会之外的成员和利益关联方集聚起来，为在偏远地区供给会议口译服务制定最新的需求和意见，从而促进AIIC与世界远程口译市场协同发展。Introduction介绍The following are AIICs minimum standards and best practice recommendations applicable to working conditions for video remote conference interpreting in simultaneous mode (also referred to as Remote Simultaneous Interpreting (RSI) or Distance Interpreting (DI)).以下是适用于“同声传译模式下视频远程会议口译工作环境”（或叫作“远程同声传译（RSI）”、“远程口译（DI）”）的AIIC最低标准和最佳实践意见。This document provides guidance when working in situations where the interpreter is not co- located with both speakers and audience.DI implies delivering simultaneous interpreting services from a distant site, with the interpreters receiving, in addition to audio input, visual input from one or several video feeds displayed on one or more screens.本文件为口译员在与演讲者和听众均不在同一地点的状况下工作时供给指点。DI指远程供给同声传译服务，译员除了接收音频输入外，还将接收可表示在一个或多个屏幕上的一个或多个视频输入。These guidelines are primarily drafted for conference interpreters and may also be useful to recruiters of interpreting services, event and conference organizers, consultant interpreters, as well as developers and providers of technical equipment for DI.This document also covers working conditions for sign language interpreting.In addition, a detailed description of the requirements for sign language interpreting is also available in the AIIC "Guidelines for positioning of sign language interpreters in conferences, including web streaming"这些指点原则重点是为会议口译员起草的，但亦可适用于口译服务的招聘人员、活动和会议组织者、顾问口译员以及DI技术设备的研发者和供应商。该文件亦适用于手语口译的工作环境。另外，AIIC“ 会议（包含网络流媒介）手语口译配置指南 ”中亦供给了手语口译需求的仔细说明。Note: This document does not cover interpreter-mediated events without the transmission of images of speakers and/or audience to the interpreter (such as telephone calls or audio conferences).注:本文件不包含未向口译员传送演讲者和/或听众图像的口译服务(如tel或音频会议)。Location位置Simultaneous conference interpreting is a team effort.The interpreter must be able to work with their language team and other language teams seamlessly (e.g. communication, collaboration, turn-taking).In order to work together effectively, it is strongly recommended that all interpreters be in the same room or space (also referred to as a DI hub).Individual language teams/booths are required to be co-located in the same place in order to avoid added cognitive load.[2]同声传译是一项团队工作。译员必须能够与其语言团队和其他语言团队无缝衔接(如沟通、合作、话轮转换)。为了有效地合作，剧烈意见所有口译员都在同一个房间或空间(亦叫作为远程口译中心)。为了避免增多认知负荷，各语言团队/同传箱必须设在同一地点。[2]A DI hub allows for team members to collaborate in a single location, with a technician present.It is a controlled environment in which the hub and/or platform provider shall be responsible and liable for:远程口译中心准许团队成员在同一个地点协作，并有一名技术人员在场。在受控环境中，中心和/或平台供给商应对以下方面负责:Ensuring the quality and continuity of the data connection.保证数据连接的质量和连续性。Safeguarding the confidentiality of all communications.守护所有通信的机密性。Providing a private, soundproofed setting (ideally booths, as per ISO norm 2603 (permanent booth) or 4043 (mobile booth).供给个人的隔音设置（理想的同传箱应符合ISO规范2603（永久同传箱）或4043（移动同传箱））。Providing interpreting consoles according to ISO 20109:2016 Annex B.1, or interpreter interfaces offering the same basic functionalities.按照ISO 20109:2016附录B.1供给口译掌控台，或供给拥有相同基本功能的口译程序界面。Ensuring that the interpreter has access to conference documents and can view them live as they are displayed to the audience.保证口译员能够拜访会议文件，并在向观众展示时实时查看。Receiving input via a non-direct source (e.g., screen and/or audio feed) adds increased cognitive load for the interpreter.Depending on the duration of the event, in order to ensure sustained interpretation quality, manning strength in a DI working environment requires additional interpreters.若经由非直接源自(如屏幕和/或音频)接收输入，使口译员增多额外的认知负荷，为保证连续的口译质量，在场配备人员应按照活动的时长增多口译员。Availability of a conference technician会议技术人员的配备At least one qualified conference technician shall be present on site throughout the event to assist interpreters with the correct functioning of the equipment.Monitoring and controlling of the entire interpreting system may be carried out by the technician on site or by a second technician.The latter may either be physically present at the local site where the interpreter is delivering the interpreting service, or located elsewhere.全部活动时期，应最少应有一名合格的会议技术人员在场，帮助口译人员正确操作设备。全部口译系统的监控可由现场技术人员或另一名技术人员执行。后者可在口译员口译现场，亦可在其他地区。Booth furniture and equipment口译设备Interpreting consoles shall be in line with ISO 20109 requirements.口译掌控台应符合IOS 20109需求。If software-based interpreter interfaces are used, they shall offer the same basic functionalities.Access to the software shall be facilitated through a separate computer/dedicated workstation, to which the provider of the DI platform must have access during the entirety of the assignment.如果运用软件类口译界面，应供给相同的基本功能。应经过单独的计算机/专用工作站，便于运用软件，且在全部任务时期，远程口译平台供给商必须能够拜访该工作站。Each interpreter needs to be provided with a work surface with enough room for a laptop and documents.每一个口译员都需要配备有足够空间的工作台来安置笔记本电脑和文件。Each interpreter shall have an adjustable chair.每一个口译员都应有一把可调节的椅子。One compact, table-top, low-heat, adjustable reading light per interpreter shall be available.每一个口译员应配备一个小型台式低热量可调节的阅读灯。Interpreters equipment (consoles, interfaces) must be accessible for all, including the elderly and persons with disabilities.口译设备(掌控台、界面)必须对所有人开放，包含老年人和残疾人。Access to relevant documents查阅关联文件The interpreter shall be provided with centralised access to all documents relevant to the communicative event.This access shall be available reasonably in advance to the event and throughout its entire duration.应向译员供给集中拜访与交流活动关联的所有文件的权限。该权限应在活动起始前和全部活动时期恰当开放。During the event, the interpreter shall have a point of contact from whom to obtain any missing documents being referenced.在活动时期，译员应可联系到关联人员以获取任何被引用的缺失文件。Confidentiality and data protection保密性和数据守护Confidentiality and data protection shall be laid down in a binding agreement by the parties providing the working facilities and the systems used for data transmission.The agreement shall state who assumes the liability for ensuring that the infrastructure connecting to the events data system complies with all necessary measures to ensure confidentiality and data protection.It is not recommended for the interpreter to work from their own location.供给工作设备和数据传输系统的各方应在拥有约束力的协议中规定保密性和数据守护关联事宜。该协议应知道由谁承担保证与活动数据系统连接的基本结构符合保证机密性和数据守护的所有必要办法的责任。不意见口译员在自己的位置工作。Personal data个人资料Rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and rules relating to the free movement of personal data shall always be respected.应始终遵守在处理个人数据方面守护自然人和个人数据自由流动的的规则。Briefing简报The interpreter should have a "technical briefing" to ensure they know how to use the DI platform in question, and be compensated accordingly for their time.口译员应该进行“技术简介”，以保证其知晓怎样运用所触及的DI平台，并应为其所用时间给予赔偿。Clients should have a "test run" of the DI platforms to ensure they are satisfied with the level of support provided.It is recommended to hold a briefing session with interpreters, speakers and event organizers prior to the event.This will allow interpreters to familiarize themselves with the voices and the speaking or signing style of the presenters, gather relevant event information, and optimally prepare themselves for the interpreting assignment.客户应对DI平台进行“试运行”，以保证她们满意所供给的技术水平。意见在活动前与口译员、演讲者和活动组织者进行会议模拟。这将使口译员熟练演讲者的声音、说话或手势风格，收集关联活动信息，并为口译任务做好最佳准备。Recording and web streaming录制和网络传播According to regulations on intellectual property, prior written consent shall be obtained from the interpreter in case interpreting services are recorded.按照知识产权法规，若记录其口译服务，应事先征得译员的书面同意。The interpreter should include in their contract with clients specific clauses regulating the use of their individual interpreting services.口译员应在与客户的合同中加入详细条款，以规范对口译员个人口译服务的运用。A language disclaimer should be added to the web streamed and/or archived recording stating that interpretation via video and audio (including any interpretation via an audio and video channel) are intended to facilitate communication and do not constitute an authentic record of the event.应在网络和/或存档记录中添加书面免责声明，显示经过视频和音频进行的口译(包含经过音频和视频频道进行的任何口译)旨在促进交流，并不做为对事件的真实记录。Intercommunication互通Communication between the interpreter and other relevant actors shall be possible at any time using a dedicated function integrated in the interpreter console.The use of this function should cause minimal additional cognitive load so as to not to interfere with the primary function of delivering interpretation.Intercommunication shall be possible between:口译员与其他关联人员应能够随时运用口译员掌控台的专项功能进行交流沟通。此项功能仅可增多最小的额外认知包袱，以避免干扰传输口译的重点功能。以下状况应可实现互通：Interpreter and technician.口译员和技术员。Interpreter and event moderator.口译员和活动主持人。Interpreters using the same outgoing language channel.运用相同的输出语言通道的口译员。All interpreters at the same communicative event.同一活动中的所有口译员之间。Sign language interpreters do not work with an interpreter console and another form of communication with the relevant actors should be agreed upon prior to the event, e.g. directly with the head of the interpreter team.手语口译员没法运用口译掌控台，应在活动前与关联人员商定另一种交流形式，例如直接与口译团队负责人进行交流。Screens屏幕As interpreters are in a different location removed from the conference room, they require visual input provided via screens or video monitors.因为口译员在远离会议室的区别地点，她们需要经过屏幕或视频监测器供给视觉输入。Screens, preferably LED, should be large enough for the interpreter to read the text displayed or clearly see any images.Speakers intervening from any point connected to the event, as well as any visual materials displayed to the participants and/or the audience, shall be made available to the interpreter as a separate video feed during the event, ideally on a dedicated screen.The active speaker should be displayed on at least 65% of the main screen with the correct aspect ratio.Other participants, including the chair/bureau, and a general view of the event room should be displayed on the remaining part of the screen or on separate screens.In case of a presentation or intervention in a signed language, the signer should be displayed on the screen from the signers waist to just above the head.If speech to text services are provided, a separate screen is required for this live text.屏幕（最好是LED）应该足够大，以便口译人员阅读表示的文本或清楚地看到所有图像。在活动时期，最好在专用屏幕上，将与活动相关的各处的发言人，以及向参与者和/或观众表示的所有视觉资料呈此刻单独的屏幕上供给给口译员。当前发言人应在主屏幕上占比最少65%（等比例），其余参与者，包含主席/主席团，以及会议室的总体视图应表示在主屏幕的其余部分或单独的屏幕上。若演讲者插进手势，屏幕应表示该演讲者腰部至头顶的位置。倘若供给文字语音服务，此实时文本需呈此刻单独的屏幕。For sign language interpreters, multiple video feeds should display:针对手语口译，应供给多个视频源：Panoramic view of the room.会议室的全景。View of the speaker, moderator or participant who is speaking or signing.正在发言或做手势的演讲者、主持人或参与者。View of the sign language interpreter (for sign language interpreters to check their positioning and placement).手语口译员(用于手语口译员检测她们自己和手势的位置)。Documents, as displayed for the audience.为观众表示的文档。Screens can be placed in each of the booths or, alternatively, a larger screen can be placed in front of the booth or booths.Sign language interpreters will require the same visual input and will need to have the screens placed diagonally in front of them, in order not to obstruct the users view of the sign language interpreters.可在每一个同传箱单独安置屏幕，亦可在单个或多个同传箱前安置很强的屏幕。手语口译员一样需要接收视频信息，并将屏幕斜放在其前方，以避免影响手语口译的输出。The images displayed on the screen should be of high quality (sharpness, color, contrast, brightness and smoothness) and should be large enough to be visible.The interpreter must be able to adjust the image contrast and brightness of the image.屏幕上的图像应为高质量(包含清晰度、颜色、对比度、亮度和平滑度)，并且应足够大使其可见。口译员必须能够调节图像的对比度和亮度。Placement of sign language interpreters手语口译员的位置There must be sufficient space for the sign language interpreter team to work together and the members of the team must be able to see each other.The active interpreter needs a space of approximately 1.5 x 1.5 metres minimum (2.0 x 2.0 metres maximum).手语口译团队必须有足够的空间一块工作，团队成员必须能够看到彼此。主口译员需要最少约1.5×1.5米(最大2.0×2.0米)的空间。The supporting interpreter is seated approx.1–3 metres in front of the active interpreter.The chairs are preferably non-revolving and have either a low armrest or none at all.They should also be ergonomically adjustable to suit the working interpreters.辅助口译员的座位大约是在主口译员前方1-3米。椅子最好是不旋转的，要么有低扶手，要么无扶手。椅子亦应使工作中的口译员便于调节。Visibility of the sign language interpreter手语口译员的可见性A bac公斤round screen shall be placed behind the sign language interpreter;this shall be of a solid color in contrast to the interpreter, e. g. blue-grey, and not be visually distracting.手语口译员后面应安置背景屏幕，颜色应为纯色以明显口译员，如蓝灰色，并且不会在视觉上分散重视力。The lighting on the sign language interpreter should be indirect and shall not cause any shadows on the face or hands.手语口译员身上的照明应为间接照明，并不得在脸部或手部导致任何暗影。Video and camera images of sign language interpreters手语口译员的视频和摄像A dedicated cameraman for sign language interpreters shall be provided.The cameraman is responsible for adjusting the heights of the image to that of the individual interpreters.应为手语口译员配备专职摄影师。摄影师负责应为各个口译员调节摄像头的高度。The camera should be frontal to the working sign language interpreter in order for the interpreter to look directly into the camera.摄像头应位于工作中的手语口译员正前方，以使口译员可直视摄像机。Viewers of sign language interpreting services prefer the use of a chroma key screen in which the interpreter is embedded in the image, also called a green or blue screen where the technician overlays the web-streamed picture of the event with the sign language interpretation.The sign language interpreter should be displayed on at least ⅙ of the screen.手语口译服务的对象更爱好运用色度键屏幕，其将口译员嵌入屏幕中，亦叫作为“绿色或蓝色屏幕”，在该屏幕中，技术人员将手语口译叠加在活动呈现的网络照片上。手语口译员最少应占屏幕的⅙ 。In case of a signer making an intervention, the camera should be on the signer (not on the interpreter working into a spoken language)若演讲者插进手势，应呈现演讲者的手势（而非口译员）Technical requirements技术需求There are a number of internationally agreed and commonly used ISO Standards available.They include technical requirements on equipment used for simultaneous interpreting, as well as for quality and transmission of sound and image to interpreters in presence-based interpreting scenarios (ISO 2603, 4043, 20108 and 20109).Although these requirements, with the exception of some specific requirements addressing the modality of Distance Interpreting in ISO 20108, were originally not specified for distance interpreting solutions, there are a number of relevant parameters for simultaneous interpreting that apply equally to this modality.许多国际公认和常用的ISO标准可供参考。其中包含对同声传译所用设备的技术需求，以及现场口译场景中向口译员传输声音和图像的质量技术需求（ISO 2603、4043、20108和20109）。尽管这些需求，除了IOS 20108中触及远程口译模式的有些详细需求外，最初并未针对远程口译处理方法作出规定，但同声传译的有些关联参数一样适用于这种模式。The following basic parameters and functionalities shall be considered applicable to distance interpreting in the simultaneous mode:以下基本参数和功能亦可适用于同声传译远程口译：Microphone management麦克风管理Preferably, there should always be only one microphone switched ON.The system should allow for different microphone management settings in order to consider specific needs (e.g. interactive discussions with fast changes of speakers).最好始终只打开一个麦克风。系统应准许运用区别的麦克风管理设置，以思虑特定的需要（例如，发言人快速更换的互动讨论）。There should always be someone (e.g. the moderator, operator or chair) who is able to switch OFF all other microphones, when needed.应始终有人(例如主持人、操作员或主席)必要时能够关闭所有其他麦克风。All distant sound sources (including laptops, smartphones etc.) need to be managed within the system.所有远距离声源(包含笔记本电脑、手机等)都需要在系统内进行管理。Sign language interpreters are usually not placed in a booth, including when working at distance.When sign language interpreters are expected to provide retour into a spoken language, they will need a wireless handheld microphone to work into the spoken language.手语口译员包含在远程工作时一般不会在同传箱里。当手语口译员需要将手语回译为语音时，需要为其配备无线手持麦克风。Frequency response频率响应The microphone and headphones both for speakers and for interpreters (the interpreters microphone becomes a speakers microphone when working in relay mode) shall correctly reproduce audio frequencies between 125 Hz and 15 000 Hz.、 It is important to consider that this requirement also applies to handheld, lapel, head- worn and any other type of microphone, as well as to sound input from external sources such as laptops and videoconferencing systems.演讲者和口译员的麦克风和耳机(在接力工作模式下，口译员的麦克风与演讲者的一致)应能正确再现125赫兹到15 000赫兹之间的音频。这一需求亦适用于手持式、翻领式、头戴式和任何其他类型的麦克风，以及笔记本电脑和视频会议系统等外边源自的声音输入。Prevention ofacoustic feedback and acoustic shock防止声反和声震To avoid damage to interpreters and participants hearing, measures shall be in place to avoid acoustic feedback and provide acoustic shock protection.[11]为避免损害译员和参与者的听力，应采取办法避免声反并供给声震守护。[11]Systems shall include measures to reduce sound degradation caused by too many microphones switched ON.系统应采取办法，以减少因打开太多麦克风而引起的声音下降。Acoustic echo canceling消除回声At every location connected to the communicative event (conference) acoustic echo canceling shall be in place.在活动（会议）触及的各个地点均应设置回声消除功能。External sources外边源自Sound input from external sources such as laptops and videoconferencing systems shall have a dynamic range at least equal to that described above under Frequency response.笔记本电脑和视频会议系统等外边源自的声音输入频率的动态范围应最少与以上频率响应中所述的范围相同。It shall be possible to switch video conferencing microphones ON and OFF or to mute them.应能打开和关闭视频会议麦克风或使其静音。Image quality画面质量The quality of image input to the interpreter shall be kept on a level that prevents visible distortion such as blurring or freezing.口译员获取的图像质量应保持在防止可见的失真（例如模糊或冻结）的水平。In case of excessive blurring, freezing or distortions, interpreting may have to be temporarily suspended until the image stabilizes.如显现太多的模糊，冻结或变形，口译服务可能必须暂时停止，直到图像稳定。If videos are displayed at a distance within the communicate event, the interpreter will only be able to provide simultaneous interpretation if this video (including the embedded audio) is transmitted to the interpreter as an independent video feed (not embedded in the main video feed), compliant with the requirements on audio and video quality as set out in this document.Simultaneous interpretation will have to be suspended if these requirements are not met.倘若视频在距离主会议较远位置时，则仅有当此视频（包含嵌入式音频）做为独立的视频源（不嵌入主视频提要）传输至口译员，并符合本文档中对音频和视频质量的需求，口译员才可够供给同声传译 。倘若不符合以上需求，则必须中止同声传译。Lip sync唇型同步Sound and image from a distant site shall be synchronized.远程的声音和图像应同步。Sound shall not lag image by more than 45 ms.声音不得滞后图像超过45毫秒Sound shall not lead image by more than 125 ms.声音不得早于图像超过125毫秒Latency延迟Image and sound must arrive at the interpreters screen and headphone within 500 msof being produced at the source.图像和声音必须在源产生的500毫秒内到达口译员的屏幕和耳机。Latency between the original speech and the reception of simultaneous interpreting by the audience shall not exceed 1000 ms.原发言与听众接受同声传译之间的延迟时间不得超过1000毫秒。注：译文为设备翻译+人工译后编辑，仅供参考。英文原文来自AIIC官文。

点击下方蓝色字体，进一步认识口译课程同声翻译训练营-100%包就业

4zhvml8

可以发布外链的网站 http://www.fok120.com/

4lqedz

百度seo优化论坛 http://www.fok120.com/