英语文献中常见的拉丁词汇总

9q13nh · 发表于 2024-7-9 10:47:05

1. a priori [ˌeɪ praɪˈɔ:raɪ] 推理的；先验的
In the absence of such evidence, there is no a priori hypothesis to work with.
没有此类证据，就没有可以推理的前提。
2. ad hoc [ˌæd ˈhɒk] 特别的; 临时的; 特设的
The Council meets on an ad hoc basis to discuss problems.
议会临时安排会议讨论问题。
3. ceteris paribus 英 [ˈsitərisˈpæribəs] / 美 [ˌketərɪsˈpærəbəs] 同等情况下
Note that carbon-fibre composites make aircraft lighter, and therefore cut emissions, ceteris paribus. (Andrew Stuttaford, National Review, 3 June, 2021) ronest.cn
4. cf. abbr. = conferatur (Latin=compare) 比较
For the more salient remarks on the matter, cf. Isis Unveiled, Vol. I.
关于这个问题的更重要的评论，参看《揭开面纱的伊希斯》第一卷。
5. de facto [ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ] 实际的，事实上的
This might be interpreted as a de facto recognition of the republic's independence.
可以认为这实际上承认了该共和国的独立。
6. e.g. [ˌi: ˈdʒi:] abbr. = exempli gratia 例如
We need helpers of all types, engineers, scientists (e.g. geologists) and teachers.
我们需要各方面的帮手：工程师、科学家（例如地质学家）和教师。
7. et al. [ˌet ˈæl] abbr. = et alii/alia 等人，等物，等等
This book is by John, Jones, et al.
这本书的作者是约翰、琼斯等人。
8. etc. [ˌet ˈsetərə] abbr. = et cetera（常读作 and so forth）等等
Remember to take some paper, a pen, etc.
记住带些纸、笔等东西。
9. ibid. ['ɪbɪd] abbr. = ibidem（指在同一书或作品中）同前，同上
Here, “the RT is last week, the ET is an unspecified time prior to last week, and the ST occurs after both RT and ET” (ibid.). (Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 2001)
10. i.e. [aɪ iː] abbr. = id est 也就是，亦即
the basic essentials of life, i.e. housing, food and water
生活的基本需要，即住房、食物和水
11. in situ 英 [ˌɪn ˈsɪtju:] / 美 [ˌɪn ˈsaɪtu] 在原位置，在原处
Major works of painting, sculpture, mosaic and architecture were examined in situ in Venice.
重要的绘画、雕塑、镶嵌画和建筑作品都在威尼斯原地得到了仔细检查。
12. N.B. abbr. = nota bene (Latin=note well) 留意，注意
N.B., work is canceled on Friday. (网络例句)
13. per se [ˌpɜ: ˈseɪ] 本身，本质上
Global warming per se is not really the problem; the catastrophic climate changes which might be caused by it are.
全球变暖本身并不是真正的问题；可能由它引发的灾害性天气变化才是问题所在。
14. prima facie [ˌpraɪmə ˈfeɪʃi] 基于初步印象的；初步认定的
There was a prima facie case that a contempt of court had been committed.
表面上看这是一宗藐视法庭的案件。
15. p.s. abbr. = postscript (Latin=postscriptum) （信的）附笔
P.S. You'll never get in trouble if you say "I love you" at least once a day. (Ronald Reagan to his son)
16. quasi 英 [ˈkwɑːzi(ː)] / 美 [ˈkwɑsi] 类似的，准的
The flame is a quasi-religious emblem of immortality.
火焰可以算作不朽的宗教象征。
17. status quo [ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ] 现状
By 492 votes to 391, the federation voted to maintain the status quo.
联邦以492票对391票的投票结果决定维持现状。
18. vice versa [ˌvaɪs ˈvɜːsə] 反过来也一样，反之亦然
Teachers qualified to teach in England are not accepted in Scotland and vice versa.
在英格兰有教书资格的老师在苏格兰得不到认可，反之亦然。
19. viz [vɪz] <书，尤英> 即，就是
Three subjects must be taken, viz., English, mathematics and history.
三个科目是必修的，即英文、数学和历史。
20. vs. abbr. = versus [ˈvɜːsəs] 对（比），与…...相对
The court decided against the plaintiff in the case of James vs. Smith.
在詹姆斯对史密斯一案中，法院判决原告败诉。
* 除标注外，例句全部来自牛津和柯林斯英语词典。
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剧中看到这句话，tempus fergit，于是想到来整理一下英文中常用的拉丁短语。内容太多了，先出一两篇，寒假再慢慢更新~
下面以Latin——meaning——example的顺序简单罗列一下最常用的拉丁语词。
01
etc. /et cetera
【and so on, and the rest
--Hospitals are in urgent need of surgical masks, goggles, protective clothing, etc.
医院迫切需要外科面罩、护目镜、防护服等。
02
e.g. / exempli gratia
【for example
-- Consider how you can acquire these skills, e.g. by taking extra courses.
想一下你可以如何获得这些技能，比如额外参加课程。
03
i.e./ id est
【that is, that is to say, in other words’
--The film is only open to adults, i.e. people over 18.
该影片只限成年人观看，即 18 岁以上者。
-- the basic essentials of life, i.e. housing, food and water.
生活的基本需要,即住房、食物和水
04
vice versa
【the other way round
-- Active thoughts lead to active life and vice versa.
积极思考引导积极的生活，反之亦然。
-- Man dictates to weapons, not vice versa.
是人指挥武器，而不是武器指挥人。
05
per se
【by itself, in itself, intrinsically
-- Global warming per se is not really the problem; the catastrophic climate changes which might be caused by it are.
全球变暖本身不是问题，它导致的灾难性的气候变化才是。
06
status quo
【the existing state of affairs
-- It is hard for the firm to maintain the status quo.
公司很难维持现状。
-- Monarchies naturally wish to maintain the status quo.
君主制国家自然希望维持现状。
07
Versus
【against
-- It is France versus Brazil in the final.
决赛是法国队对巴西队。
-- What are the benefit of organic versus inorganic foods?
有机食品与无机食品相比较，好处是什么？
08
de facto
【in fact, in reality 实际上存在（但不一定合法
-- Although the Emperor was the head of state, the de facto ruler of Japan is the Shogun.
虽然天皇是国家元首，但日本的实际统治者是幕府将军。(as an adj.)
-- The country was de facto divided between two states.
该国实际上分成两个州。(as an adv.)
P.S.de jure是它的反义词
【according to law, by right
-- The clergy was celibate, de jure if not de facto.
修士理论上是不能结婚的。(as an adv.)
-- He had been de jure king since his father's death.
他父亲死后，他就成为天经地义的国王。(as an adj.)
09
ad hoc
adj, adv.【formed or done for a particular purpose only 专门的，特设的，临时安排的
-- An ad hoc committee was found to oversee the matter.
成立了一个特设委员会来监督此事。
-- Italy remains insistent on European solidarity in terms of redistributing rescued migrants and not just on an ad hoc basis.
在重新安置获救移民方面，意大利仍然坚持欧洲一体化，而不仅仅是权宜之计。
10
ad nauseam
adv. 【repeating or continuing to the point of boredom 令人厌烦地
-- Look, we've been over this ad nauseam. I think we should move on to the next item.
看，这个问题我们都已经说腻了。我看我们还是进入下一项吧。
-- Smart study isn't about just reading the material over and over and over again, ad nauseam.
明智的学习方法并非一次次重复阅读考试材料，这样会非常令人生厌。
11
bona fide
adj. [usually before noun] 【genuine, real or legal
-- Only bona fide members are allowed to use the club pool.
只有真正的会员才允许使用俱乐部的泳池。
-- We are happy to donate to bona fide charitable causes.
我们很乐意向真正的慈善事业捐赠。
12
01
清新薄荷绿
caveat emptor
n. [U] [law] 【the principle that the person who buys something is responsible for checking that it is not broken, damaged etc 购者自慎（一经出售概不负责）
13
circa；c.
prep. (used with dates) 【around, approximately
-- He was crowned king circa 1208.
他于1208年左右继承王室。
14
compos mentis
adj. (law or humorous）【able to think clearly and be responsible for your actions 心智健全的，神志清楚的
non compos mentis 自然而然就是“精神失常的，神智错乱的”
--Please call me back later when I'm compos mentis.
等我神智清楚了再打给我吧谢谢。
15
ergo
Adv. (formal or humorous) 【therefore
-- She was the sole beneficiary of the will, ergo the prime suspect.
她是遗嘱的唯一受益人，所以是头号嫌疑人。
-- cogito, ergo sum
我思故我在。(from Descartes)
16
ex gratia
Adj. adv. 【as a favor or gift rather than as a matter of right（尤指付款）出自道义地（的）
-- Nonstriking workers received an undisclosed ex gratia payment.
没有参与罢工的工人收到了一笔私下发放的惠给金。
-- Apart from statutory compensation, there is a system of ex gratia payments.
除法定补偿外，政府也会按一套特惠补偿方法，发放特惠补偿。

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j8typz · 发表于 2024-9-26 04:18:53

楼主的文章深得我心，表示由衷的感谢！

wrjc1hod · 发表于 2024-10-3 06:52:16

你的见解真是独到，让我受益匪浅。

nqkk58 · 发表于 2024-10-13 13:38:31

大势所趋，用于讽刺一些制作目的就是为了跟风玩梗，博取眼球的作品。

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