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- 在英语中,我们时常会碰到拉丁语的词或短语,这是因为英语与拉丁语属于同语系(印欧语系)、不同语族(英语属于日耳曼语族,而拉丁语属于罗曼语族)。下面我们就罗列出一些英语文献中常见的拉丁词,供大家参考。
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- 图片
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- (图源:视觉中国)
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- 1. a priori [ˌeɪ praɪˈɔ:raɪ] 推理的;先验的
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- In the absence of such evidence, there is no a priori hypothesis to work with.
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- 没有此类证据,就没有可以推理的前提。
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- 2. ad hoc [ˌæd ˈhɒk] 特别的; 临时的; 特设的
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- The Council meets on an ad hoc basis to discuss problems.
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- 议会临时安排会议讨论问题。
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- 3. ceteris paribus 英 [ˈsitərisˈpæribəs] / 美 [ˌketərɪsˈpærəbəs] 同等情况下
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- Note that carbon-fibre composites make aircraft lighter, and therefore cut emissions, ceteris paribus. (Andrew Stuttaford, National Review, 3 June, 2021) ronest.cn
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- 4. cf. abbr. = conferatur (Latin=compare) 比较
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- For the more salient remarks on the matter, cf. Isis Unveiled, Vol. I.
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- 关于这个问题的更重要的评论,参看《揭开面纱的伊希斯》第一卷。
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- 5. de facto [ˌdeɪ ˈfæktəʊ] 实际的,事实上的
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- This might be interpreted as a de facto recognition of the republic's independence.
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- 可以认为这实际上承认了该共和国的独立。
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- 6. e.g. [ˌi: ˈdʒi:] abbr. = exempli gratia 例如
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- We need helpers of all types, engineers, scientists (e.g. geologists) and teachers.
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- 我们需要各方面的帮手:工程师、科学家(例如地质学家)和教师。
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- 7. et al. [ˌet ˈæl] abbr. = et alii/alia 等人,等物,等等
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- This book is by John, Jones, et al.
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- 这本书的作者是约翰 、琼斯等人。
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- 8. etc. [ˌet ˈsetərə] abbr. = et cetera(常读作 and so forth)等等
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- Remember to take some paper, a pen, etc.
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- 记住带些纸、笔等东西。
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- 9. ibid. ['ɪbɪd] abbr. = ibidem(指在同一书或作品中)同前,同上
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- Here, “the RT is last week, the ET is an unspecified time prior to last week, and the ST occurs after both RT and ET” (ibid.). (Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 2001)
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- 10. i.e. [aɪ iː] abbr. = id est 也就是,亦即
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- the basic essentials of life, i.e. housing, food and water
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- 生活的基本需要,即住房、食物和水
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- 11. in situ 英 [ˌɪn ˈsɪtju:] / 美 [ˌɪn ˈsaɪtu] 在原位置,在原处
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- Major works of painting, sculpture, mosaic and architecture were examined in situ in Venice.
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- 重要的绘画、雕塑、镶嵌画和建筑作品都在威尼斯原地得到了仔细检查。
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- 12. N.B. abbr. = nota bene (Latin=note well) 留意,注意
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- N.B., work is canceled on Friday. (网络例句)
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- 13. per se [ˌpɜ: ˈseɪ] 本身,本质上
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- Global warming per se is not really the problem; the catastrophic climate changes which might be caused by it are.
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- 全球变暖本身并不是真正的问题;可能由它引发的灾害性天气变化才是问题所在。
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- 14. prima facie [ˌpraɪmə ˈfeɪʃi] 基于初步印象的;初步认定的
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- There was a prima facie case that a contempt of court had been committed.
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- 表面上看这是一宗藐视法庭的案件。
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- 15. p.s. abbr. = postscript (Latin=postscriptum) (信的)附笔
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- P.S. You'll never get in trouble if you say "I love you" at least once a day. (Ronald Reagan to his son)
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- 16. quasi 英 [ˈkwɑːzi(ː)] / 美 [ˈkwɑsi] 类似的,准的
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- The flame is a quasi-religious emblem of immortality.
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- 火焰可以算作不朽的宗教象征。
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- 17. status quo [ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ] 现状
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- By 492 votes to 391, the federation voted to maintain the status quo.
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- 联邦以492票对391票的投票结果决定维持现状。
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- 18. vice versa [ˌvaɪs ˈvɜːsə] 反过来也一样,反之亦然
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- Teachers qualified to teach in England are not accepted in Scotland and vice versa.
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- 在英格兰有教书资格的老师在苏格兰得不到认可,反之亦然。
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- 19. viz [vɪz] <书,尤英> 即,就是
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- Three subjects must be taken, viz., English, mathematics and history.
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- 三个科目是必修的,即英文、数学和历史。
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- 20. vs. abbr. = versus [ˈvɜːsəs] 对(比),与…...相对
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- The court decided against the plaintiff in the case of James vs. Smith.
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- 在詹姆斯对史密斯一案中,法院判决原告败诉。
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- * 除标注外,例句全部来自牛津和柯林斯英语词典。
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