原创 中国发病率最高的癌症,一发掘大都是晚期!钟南山院士提醒这件事要早做
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2024年4月4日,世界卫生组织国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>(IARC)的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队在顶刊CA上<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了2022年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>数据。最新统计<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,2022年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>新增癌症病例近2000万,因癌症死亡的人数为970万。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在这两项数据中,肺癌都位居首位:2022年肺癌新发病例250万(12.4%),死亡数180万(18.7%),超越乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">作为</span>“<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>大癌症”和“<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>大癌症杀手”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240418/c36cb1badef3414bbc0445e5312a07d0.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2022年,前五大癌症的病例和死亡人数分布)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据国家癌症中心<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的2022年中国癌症<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>报告,肺癌是我国<span style="color: black;">第1</span>大<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌种,每年新发恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,每5人就有1人是肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">面对肿瘤中的“头号杀手”,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能做什么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在今年的全国肿瘤防治宣传周公益短片中,钟南山院士的答案是:<strong style="color: blue;">早筛早诊是防治肺癌的最佳方式</strong>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>治愈可能性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>肺癌一<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>晚期?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>论男女,肺癌都是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症死亡的头号杀手。但肺癌的病因及发病机制,<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>仍未<span style="color: black;">知道</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌来袭时<span style="color: black;">常常</span>悄<span style="color: black;">没</span>声息,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>的特异性症状</strong>。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>咳嗽或是胸痛,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>因症状轻微而被<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>,或是被误认为普通的<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道感染<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">等肺癌发展到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了久咳不愈、咳痰、咳血、胸痛、莫名消瘦等症状时,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能因与其他<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span>,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>误诊或延迟诊断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240418/6e52a814c3b548f7add258a01ec7939f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着时间的推移,当肿瘤<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>生长,<span style="color: black;">起始</span>侵犯<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织和器官时,<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候的肺癌<span style="color: black;">常常</span>已进入中晚期,<span style="color: black;">错失</span>了最佳的治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">加上肺癌<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><strong style="color: blue;">快速生长和转移</strong>的特性,非小细胞肺癌尤其容易<span style="color: black;">经过</span>血液和淋巴系统扩散到身体的其他部位。有时候,即使原发性肿瘤较小,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了远处转移,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺癌时<span style="color: black;">已经是</span>晚期的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,肺癌的诊断依赖于<span style="color: black;">各样</span>医学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,如X光片、CT扫描等影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>或组织活检等病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些<span style="color: black;">检测</span>并非常规体检的必选项目,许多人可能<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>,如经济<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>、缺乏医疗知识或<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>体检等,<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行筛查,难以及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">干涉</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危人群<span style="color: black;">意见</span>每年一次CT筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>时已<span style="color: black;">处在</span>中晚期的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,预后很差。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肺癌能够<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>预后则截然不同。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌诊断中国专家共识(2023年版)》指出,肺癌Ⅰ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术后5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率为77%~92%,而ⅢA~ⅣA期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>仅为10%~36%,5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率存在<span style="color: black;">明显</span>差异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>肺癌早筛的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,采取有效的预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,尤为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。癌症筛查,是实现癌症早诊早治、<span style="color: black;">加强</span>五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率、降低<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">包袱</span>最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240418/c4761950d8c54055a3d0b3b16e84af7d.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">钟南山院士<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“早筛早诊<span style="color: black;">便是</span>最好的肿瘤‘药’。”<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">低剂量螺旋CT是肺癌高危人群早筛的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>手段</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">常年吸烟的老烟民、或是被动暴露在二手烟环境中,因职业<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>接触致癌物质者,有肺癌家族史者,都是肺癌的高危人群,应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行筛查。<span style="color: black;">意见</span>40岁以上的高危人群,每年做一次低剂量螺旋CT筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">03</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">体<span style="color: black;">检测</span>出肺结节,会发展成肺癌吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,随着筛查和诊疗技术的发展,体检<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺结节的人越来越多。很多人为此担心不已:肺结节是良性还是恶性?会发展为肺癌吗?要手术还是继续观察?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">事实上,肺结节的性质<span style="color: black;">评定</span>需结合<strong style="color: blue;">结节的特征和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span></strong>综合判断,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>年龄、职业、吸烟史、慢性肺部<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>史、个人和家族肿瘤史等等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,边缘光滑、形状规则、密度均匀的结节,更可能是良性的。而<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>边缘不规则、形状不规则、增长速度快的结节,则<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进一步的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和监测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240418/6cf1c1b2759d4d44bfd34f4e52660d3b.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当一个肺结节被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>后,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会制定相应的复查计划。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节在一段时间内<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>变化,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>很可能是良性的。相反,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节体积增大或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>新的可疑特征,可能需进行活检或其他<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,以确定结节的性质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据美国胸部协会(ATS)的统计,在做过肺部CT和X光的人群中,最高有一半会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺结节,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>肺结节都是良性的,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>不到5%的肺结节会致癌</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>确诊是恶性的,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>别病急乱投医,不要相信<span style="color: black;">所说</span>的偏方或神药,而是要遵医嘱科学应对,可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术切除等方式来治疗<span style="color: black;">初期</span>恶性结节。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总之,体检中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺结节并不<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会发展成肺癌。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>肺结节是良性的,但仍需<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的专业<span style="color: black;">评定</span>和监测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活中,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>改善生活方式来预防肺癌:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">戒烟,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>避免吸二手烟;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">做饭时,开启抽油烟机或开窗通风;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">因工作<span style="color: black;">必须</span>而接触致癌物质的人群,应在工作时做好防护<span style="color: black;">办法</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有肺部<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的人群,应尽早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>,积极治疗;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">健康<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、规律作息、<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>身体、保持心情愉悦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">编辑 | 林欢</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">审核 | 萧瑜粥</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图源 | 摄图网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024. Doi:10.3322/caac.21834</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Cancer incidence and mortality in China,2022.国家癌症中心</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 中华医学会<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>病学分会. <span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌诊断中国专家共识(2023年版) . 中华结核和<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>杂志, 2023, 46(1) : 1-18.<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">责任编辑:网友投稿</span></p>
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