面对“十必做”预防性造瘘的低位直肠癌病人,咱们会毫不犹豫!
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/QmXc6uD14lhjGhJkbIdwib4ujUntdu0Uia6icrzZccztCrQlhgVuWa4LR1hXqhTe4SVPdypVn93ico9vmaWTQ0k32g/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在2017年年底的时候,我跟国内一位外科大咖聊天,<span style="color: black;">专题</span>是“低位直肠癌手术时,预防性造瘘该<span style="color: black;">不应</span>做?”。他的回答是:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>科室(国内著名的腹腔镜胃肠外科前沿科室),针对低位直肠癌手术,以前是“能不做(预防性造口)的就不做!”;<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>则是:“能做的<span style="color: black;">必要</span>做!”的确,面对“十必做”预防性造瘘的低位直肠<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>有丝毫的犹豫!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">争议</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在这个<span style="color: black;">专题</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>之前,<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>一点,<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">针对低位直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应<span style="color: black;">不该</span>该做预防性造瘘的这一<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>学界都是存在争议的!</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对低位直肠癌手术,赞成做预防性造口的学者(简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“正方”)和反对做预防性造口的学者(简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“反方”),都是有其<span style="color: black;">科研</span>依据的:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">《正方:》</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">依据是著名的“RECTODES”<span style="color: black;">实验</span>!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">《反方:》</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>并不完美的“RECTODES”<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,针锋相对地提出了<span style="color: black;">许多</span>质疑!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可是,问题来了,正方反方似乎都有道理,这让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>“吃瓜<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>”<span style="color: black;">到底</span>应该怎么办?</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/QmXc6uD14lhjGhJkbIdwib4ujUntdu0UiaTpCJicicS5fFvv5OyeQTXDb2kcZ9T1jGln9yf6u2Zx8pqnFUKdia9H8Cg/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">危害</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">别着急,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先来总结一下直肠癌术后吻合口瘘<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>本身<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 高龄;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 男性;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. <span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. 营养不良;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. 吸烟;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 饮酒;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. 美国<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>师协会(ASA)评分≥3分;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8. 类固醇激素的应用;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9. 术前放疗;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10. 腹部手术史;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11. 糖尿病病史.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与手术<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 手术时间;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 术中<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 大网膜包裹;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. 肿瘤距离肛门的距离(中低位直肠癌);</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. 吻合方式;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 吻合技术;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. 手术方式;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8. 预防性造口的造设;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9. 肠系膜下动脉结扎水平;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10. 术前肠道准备;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11. 盆腔引流不畅;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12. 吻合口局部感染;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13. 肠道菌群失调.</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QmXc6uD14lhjGhJkbIdwib4ujUntdu0Uiae0LNtLNwJHO1fznSWKmrqFpP1WTNBSvC0Vobz4HicSAXbwC2OwcXUwQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预防性回肠造口(腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治术术后)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>难,当外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>更难,当结直肠外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>难上加难!面对一个低位直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>做预防性造瘘的时候,脑袋里要考量的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>竟然有<span style="color: black;">那样</span>多?可是这一切都是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>要面对的,尤其是当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>TFboys(“掏粪男孩”)面对下面冷冰的数字的时候:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 中国男性直肠癌发病率位居恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第3位</strong></span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 中国女性直肠癌发病率位居恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">第3位</strong></span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 中国直肠癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率占<span style="color: black;">所有</span>恶性肿瘤的<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">10.56%</strong></span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. 中国直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,低位直肠癌约占<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">70%~75%</strong></span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. 中国低位直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率约为<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3%~20%</strong></span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 中国低位直肠癌术后,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>吻合口瘘<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的死亡率约为<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">6.7%</strong></span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拙见</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">临床上直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">独一</span>能<span style="color: black;">得到</span>治愈的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,仍然是外科手术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>!</strong></span>自1908年Miles手术用于临床<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>以其<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的根治性而<span style="color: black;">作为</span>中低位直肠癌治疗的“金标准术式”,但近年来随着人们对直肠癌的生物学特性及病理、解剖学上的深入<span style="color: black;">科研</span>、术前新辅助放化疗的实施以及吻合器和腹腔镜在临床的广泛应用,<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">从理论和实践两个方面证实了低位直肠癌保肛手术的<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性和可行性。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,随着近年来腹腔镜技术的普及,新的术式,诸如全直肠系膜切除术(Total Mesorectal Excision,TME)、经肛全直肠系膜切除术(Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision,TaTME)、 经内外括约肌间切除术(Intersphincteric Resection,ISR)等等,使得既往传统理念上<span style="color: black;">没</span>法保肛的低位直肠癌、<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>超低位直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>得到了保肛的机会。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,在面对越来越多“潜在”<span style="color: black;">能够</span>保住肛门的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的时候,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>清醒的认识到:<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">低位直肠癌仍然是直肠癌中最好发、最难治愈、疗效最差的一类。</strong></span>在追求极致保肛<span style="color: black;">目的</span>的前提下,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>决<span style="color: black;">不可</span>以牺牲肿瘤的根治性、术后肛门排便和控便功能的丧失,尤其是因吻合口瘘<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>死亡率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>为代价!在面对如下高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>低位直肠癌患者的时候,我反复询问自己一个再简单<span style="color: black;">不外</span>的问题:“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是我的家人,我要不要为TA做预防性造瘘?”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自己</span>在面对以下这些低位直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>时,会<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>首选做预防性造瘘!<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>极个别<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>家属<span style="color: black;">不愿</span>接受<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>团队手术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,我会跟<span style="color: black;">她们</span>说一声:请另请高明。 “为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治好病是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应有的职责”这句话,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>稍作必要的修改:<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>相对安全地治好病是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>应有的职责!</strong></span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QmXc6uD14lhjGhJkbIdwib4ujUntdu0Uia0yzoHUjbTGTbz6ibdBC0sURicw9UGxFicHBMp5aXcWHkUt7KQtqEgmic6g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:符炜<span style="color: black;">医生</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者:孙锋<span style="color: black;">大夫</span> </p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QmXc6uD14lhjGhJkbIdwib4ujUntdu0UianiaGXRh5n69ZJ7SHORt1dBPntX6Hwf7LAFiagggwZJ41sZiaMCdKy8nEw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消化界招贤纳士,欢迎您的加入!</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QmXc6uD14lhjGhJkbIdwib4ujUntdu0UiaUEibRSSYQuicplGER74XEgUTwbD9rrpW1JuibXOZIBqnrhUxERMzvkRxg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">招聘:医学编辑/记者</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">岗位职责:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 参加消化学术会议,撰写会议<span style="color: black;">报告</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 采访国内外消化专家</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 参与策划医学栏目</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. 医学<span style="color: black;">文案</span>撰写和编辑排版</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">岗位<span style="color: black;">需求</span>:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 医药学本科以上学历,消化<span style="color: black;">行业</span>从业经验者优先;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. <span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较高的医学英文文献阅读能力;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. <span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较强的语言表达和沟通能力;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">有意者请将个人简历、<span style="color: black;">表率</span>作品发至:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">lisc@high-med.com</p>
请问、你好、求解、谁知道等。 楼主果然英明!不得不赞美你一下! 你的留言真是温暖如春,让我感受到了无尽的支持与鼓励。 楼主发的这篇帖子,我觉得非常有道理。 楼主的文章深得我心,表示由衷的感谢! 交流如星光璀璨,点亮思想夜空。
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