9q13nh 发表于 2024-5-17 18:35:17

​Nat Med | 北大朱军组报告安全有效的抗CD19 CAR T细胞疗法


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">撰文 | 小飞飞</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">责编 | 兮</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">嵌合抗原受体(chimeric antigen receptor, CAR)T细胞疗法,是肿瘤免疫治疗的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段之一。第二代抗CD19 CAR原型(CD19-BBz)最初在2004年被设计出来,CD19-BBz<span style="color: black;">包括</span>有FMC63单链可变片段(scFv)以及胞内的4-1BB共刺激和CD3ζ信号结构域,由CD8α序列<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的铰链和跨膜结构域连接。CD19-BBz CAR<span style="color: black;">经过</span>慢病毒载体转导至T细胞内,被转导的CAR T细胞被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为CTL019 (Kymriah)【1,2】。CTL019和其他的抗CD19 CAR T细胞在治疗复发或难治性B细胞淋巴瘤和白血病方面有较好的效果,但治疗常常<span style="color: black;">导致</span>严重的毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>严重的细胞因子释放综合症(cytokine-release syndrome ,CRS)和神经毒性,这些副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血清中炎性细胞因子的水平<span style="color: black;">关联</span>【3】。这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>迫使人们<span style="color: black;">持续</span>改进抗CD19 CAR结构,在<span style="color: black;">保准</span>CAR T细胞疗效的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,尽可能减少这些毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年4月23日,来自北京大学肿瘤医院的朱军教授团队和南加州大学的Si-Yi Chen教授团队合作在Nature Medicine上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>题为A safe and potent anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>改造出新的抗CD19 CAR 分子(CD19-BBz(86)),CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>良好的治疗效果,且不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>严重的CRS和神经毒性。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-830f010c8bfd0717163b56841ba93fa4_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员以CD19-BBz CAR (CD19-BBz(71))原型为<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>改变其中CD8α胞内和胞外序列产生了几种新的CD19-BBz变体(图1)。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span>体外实验<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>与CD19-BBz(71) CAR T细胞相比,转导了CD19-BBz(86)的CAR T细胞,在与CD19+肿瘤细胞相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>之后,会产生更少的细胞因子而抗凋亡分子的表达水平却<span style="color: black;">升高</span>,且CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞对CD19+肿瘤细胞的细胞杀伤能力并<span style="color: black;">无</span>减弱。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-feb468860325a8d2a820cfc3dae2c2bc_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>图1 抗CD19 CAR 设计<span style="color: black;">公司</span>示意图<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随后,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">经过</span>SCID-beige小鼠肿瘤模型,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>与原型CD19-BBz(71) CAR T细胞相比,CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞并不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>小鼠的CRS。之后,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在难治性B细胞淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中进行了CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞疗法I期临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。该<span style="color: black;">实验</span>招募到26名<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,25人接受了<span style="color: black;">实验</span>治疗。在接受低剂量CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞组的6位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中3位产生了治疗效果,中剂量CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞组的8位病人,4位<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>了部分缓解的治疗效果,高剂量组的11位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,6位(54.5%)<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>了完全缓解的治疗效果(图2)。在治疗的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>方面,25位接受CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,并<span style="color: black;">无</span>观察到评分大于1的CRS,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何一位治疗<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有神经毒性<span style="color: black;">损害</span>表现。检测<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,接受CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞治疗<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血清中细胞因子和免疫调节分子,如IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-17A, IL-2, IL-15, IL-5, IL-12 p70, IL-1β和 C反应蛋白 (CRP)都保持在较低的水平。完全或部分缓解<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血清中T细胞效应蛋白颗粒酶A和颗粒酶B的浓度,要高于继续<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-740d553d7d2fd9bc72a4af2f54bce942_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>图2 CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞疗法治疗效果示意图。(CR, complete remission; PR, partial remission; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease.)<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总之,本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>证明了CD19-BBz(86) CAR T细胞对治疗难治性B细胞淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较好效果,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>不会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>神经毒性和严重的CRS,是一种安全有效的抗CD19 CAR T细胞疗法。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">原文链接:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">https://</span><span style="color: black;">doi.org/10.1038/s41591-</span><span style="color: black;">019-0421-7</span></a></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">制版人:半夏</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. Imai, C., et al., Chimeric receptors with 4-1BB signaling capacity provoke potent cytotoxicity against acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia, 2004. 18(4): p. 676-84.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. Milone, M.C., et al., Chimeric receptors containing CD137 signal transduction domains mediate enhanced survival of T cells and increased antileukemic efficacy in vivo. Mol Ther, 2009. 17(8): p. 1453-64.</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.Porter, D.L., et al., Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in chronic lymphoid leukemia. N Engl J Med, 2011. 365(8): p. 725-33.</p>
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4lqedz 发表于 2024-10-11 02:02:53

我完全赞同你的观点,思考很有深度。

j8typz 发表于 2024-10-17 18:38:17

对于这个问题,我有不同的看法...

7wu1wm0 发表于 昨天 00:01

我完全赞同你的观点,思考很有深度。
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