癌症病人的耐药了该怎么办？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>在与病友相互交流的过程中，可能听过有人<span style="color: black;">说到</span>"某某某耐药了，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>给他换了种药"，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>"耐药了，<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>药<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更换了"的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>自己<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会不禁担心起来：以前疗效很好的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，怎么总感觉<span style="color: black;">近期</span>效果不<span style="color: black;">那样</span>理想，<strong style="color: blue;">是不是<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">医生</span>说的"耐药"啊？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">详细</span>什么是耐药呢？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">出现</span>耐药又该怎么办呢？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天咱们就来聊聊这个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">癌症治疗面临的最大困难是耐药性</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人类和癌症的战役中，所要面临的最残酷的现实和挑战是：耐药性、抗药性以及变异性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">耐药性(drug resistance)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>病原体与<span style="color: black;">药品</span>多次接触后，对<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性下降<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>消失，致使<span style="color: black;">药品</span>对该病原体的疗效降低或<span style="color: black;">没</span>效。<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为天然耐药性和<span style="color: black;">得到</span>耐药性。天然耐药性是癌细胞耐药性一个<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">"耐药"的"耐"是耐受的"耐"。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">"耐药"简单说来<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的治疗效果降低<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>失去<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的现象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这就<span style="color: black;">好似</span>两军交战，虽然有一种战术屡获奇功，但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>用太多，而<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>被敌军<span style="color: black;">把握</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>破解，或是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>环境的限制而<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>取得成效，这个过程<span style="color: black;">便是</span>"耐药"。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在生活中常常听说的"抗生素<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">乱用</span>，否则会产生耐药"指的<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是这个意思。而肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种活的细胞，对<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的"攻击"当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会逆来顺受、束手就擒。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">抗药性(drug persistence)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在生物体在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>产生对某种物质的免疫能力，使其<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">损伤</span>到自己。抗药性的产生是病原体<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>接触低剂量<span style="color: black;">药品</span>后<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的适应性变化，癌细胞DNA缺陷，病原体产生使<span style="color: black;">药品</span>失活的酶、改变膜的通透性，从而阻滞<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进入、改变靶结构或改变原有代谢过程。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两者的区别在于可否<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>到自己，<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">损伤</span>到自己表现为抗药性，渐变降低免疫的表现为耐药性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">变异性</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌细胞是很顽固的，发展<span style="color: black;">火速</span>、变异性极强，很容易转移扩散。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">耐药是怎么<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的呢？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>癌细胞对<span style="color: black;">药品</span>比较<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>随着时间推移，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>机体产生了耐药性与抗药性（如<span style="color: black;">经过</span>DNA突变或促进<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>等），<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>办法<span style="color: black;">功效</span>到癌细胞上从而失去了治疗效果；并且癌细胞转移扩散与肿瘤复发是很难<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤细胞对化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>产生耐药一个非常<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的过程。不仅与肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，还与<span style="color: black;">药品</span>和用药的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>，耐药<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，就和人类的进化<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的个体差异：</strong>同一类型的肿瘤，在不同<span style="color: black;">病人</span>之间<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有差异。虽然得了同一种病，而<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>并不相同；即使<span style="color: black;">方法</span>相同<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并不是所有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的疗效都会一致；<span style="color: black;">同期</span>有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>会产生耐药，有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的疗效会<span style="color: black;">始终</span>很好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.肿瘤微环境的区别：</strong>肿瘤微环境简单说<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤细胞所处的环境，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>免疫细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞和新生毛细血管系统等。人生活在社会环境中，<span style="color: black;">周边</span>会有形形色色的物体，空气、大楼、高山还有<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样的动物，穿着不一的人。肿瘤细胞利用这些微环境<span style="color: black;">做为</span>栖身之所，从而在<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的进攻中残留下来。这些<span style="color: black;">包含</span>在微环境中的残兵败将却是肿瘤<span style="color: black;">不可</span>痊愈<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>复发的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.细胞内<span style="color: black;">药品</span>浓度降低而产生耐药：</strong><span style="color: black;">药品</span>进入<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>人体并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>马上产生<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，而是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进入肿瘤细胞内，使细胞凋亡<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>出疗效。进入细胞的过程只能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>主动转运来实现，这一过程<span style="color: black;">必须</span>转运蛋白将<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">传送</span>进细胞完成。有些<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>借助某一特定蛋白<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">传送</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，当这种蛋<span style="color: black;">白头</span>生突变，就会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>细胞内<span style="color: black;">药品</span>浓度降低而产生耐药。这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是肿瘤细胞在"捣鬼"，有时候是细胞在<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的影响下自身<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了突变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240507/0ba50507f5584caa94655e7781a995da.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了耐药性，是不是治疗<span style="color: black;">走进</span>了绝境</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span>耐药性之后，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>地<span style="color: black;">看病</span>复查、<span style="color: black;">调节</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>，尽早预防癌细胞转移扩散与肿瘤复发。虽然耐药性看似不可避免，但随着科技的发展，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对肿瘤<span style="color: black;">出现</span>、发展的机制<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>更加深入。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">进行靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的换代</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>的是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>代靶向药，在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>代靶向药失效了后，可遵医嘱、<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>第二代靶向药，此时会有比较<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的治疗效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">进行化疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不想化疗时会<span style="color: black;">选取</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗，若产生耐药性可再换回化疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">联合化疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在停止靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗进行化疗，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>再次<span style="color: black;">运用</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗会复敏，这是最好的结果。<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在不太幸运的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>：换回靶向治疗之后依旧有耐药性。为了避免这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>在靶向药还<span style="color: black;">无</span>完全失效的时候联合化疗，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>能让靶向药效<span style="color: black;">连续</span>得更久。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">采用免疫细胞治疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">已然</span>失效，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将免疫细胞疗法与常规疗法联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>，会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>出其不意、令人惊喜的效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫细胞治疗，<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>向肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>转输<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>抗肿瘤活性的免疫细胞（特异性和非特异性的），直接杀伤肿瘤或激发机体的免疫应答杀伤肿瘤细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多种治疗手段结合、多种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>联用，适时更换<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都为耐药的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来福音，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>耐药性并不可怕，<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>耐药就对治疗失去<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>，积极寻求其他<span style="color: black;">药品</span>或二线治疗。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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