三维模型结合激光雷达点云数据在EPS中联动生产高精度1:500地形图
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">【写在前】：</span></strong><span style="color: black;">生产过激光雷达点云数据的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>们肯定<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>生产1:500高精度数据，只<span style="color: black;">运用</span>激光雷达数据在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候只能满足高程数据<span style="color: black;">精细</span>这一<span style="color: black;">需要</span>，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>地物的绘制只能借助于正射影像来进行绘制，这<span style="color: black;">针对</span>测区中有房屋区域的测区，想要达到1:500地形图标准，房屋结构及<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>有时是很难绘制的，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>倾斜+激光的方式进行高精度的绘制，激光<span style="color: black;">处理</span>树林内高程，模型<span style="color: black;">处理</span>地物的绘制。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">------------------------------------------------------------------------</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>拿近期做的一个项目为例介绍联动生产的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。接到甲方<span style="color: black;">需要</span>，对测区进行1:500地形图的绘制，<span style="color: black;">需求</span>高程精度较高，且项目很紧急。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>测区卫星地图<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看到，测区面积1个平方<span style="color: black;">千米</span><span style="color: black;">上下</span>，测区属于城郊丘陵地形，植被茂密，且有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>房屋及地物。若完全<span style="color: black;">运用</span>无人机搭载激光雷达进行数据采集，房屋等地物绘制有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>难度。决定<span style="color: black;">运用</span>倾斜模型与激光雷达结合的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行地形图的采集，并在必要的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>进行人工调绘的辅助。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">项目使用大疆RTK版M300搭载P1镜头进行飞行，飞行完后，换上Riegl 250激光进行仿地飞行的激光扫描。飞行6个架次，激光扫描飞行4个架次，<span style="color: black;">部署</span>像控点及<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点共21个，数据共计3000多张照片。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-axegupay5k/a55d87b925604937b5584abb496ee2cf~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728799501&x-signature=R8nZ4%2Bnet0H08WL42hamw0zRMFY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>CC软件进行建模输出OSGB格式三维模型，激光雷达数据<span style="color: black;">运用</span>差分惯导解算软件，并平差输出LAS点云数据。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">下面展示的是测区的三维模型以及原始点云。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>Trimble realworks对原始点云进行<span style="color: black;">归类</span>。利用Trimble realworks中的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>功能<span style="color: black;">按照</span>点云<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>进行功能参数的<span style="color: black;">调节</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>分离出地面点，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>软件中的生成DEM工具及剖切面工具<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>得到正确的地形点云。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有大面积水域、房区的区域，分出地面点后，会形成大面积空洞，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在inpho主模块中的DTMToolkit工具中进行补洞及点云平滑处理。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>就不重点讲解点云<span style="color: black;">归类</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>了。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/bb6130a4fb6846f8829f118c2e206e65~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728799501&x-signature=6VlmG9Dzp4rfJU0ah2DXyd%2BrMMg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在EPS中加载生产好的OSGB模型，在<span style="color: black;">起始</span>正式生产前，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>需要将<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>点<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点导入EPS，进行模型精度的检验，<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>产生不必要的返工。在EPS中<span style="color: black;">根据</span>1:500的国家地形图图示标准进行地物及部分看的见的陡坎、斜坡等地貌的绘制。<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>点的<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">根据</span>2cm分辨率生产的模型水平精度完全满足1:500国家规范<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/265cd01e6d894b02a54ca0460bab6048~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728799501&x-signature=xosZgIOrIjYPRpuxufW0WGF7uMs%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">地貌的处理需要结合点云来处理，生成等高线有两种方式：一种是，利用处理好的地面点，生成dem后生成等高线数据。将等高线导入EPS中<span style="color: black;">按照</span>三维模型及激光点云数据进行修饰。二种是，将地面点导入到EPS中，将点云显色模型<span style="color: black;">选取</span>成自定义<span style="color: black;">表示</span>——按高程<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，起点高程<span style="color: black;">选取</span>为0，分级高度<span style="color: black;">能够</span>设置为等高距-0.5m<span style="color: black;">或</span>计曲线的等高距-2.5m。<span style="color: black;">而后</span>手绘<span style="color: black;">区别</span>高程的等高线。这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>应用在部分等高线<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>较为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>，生成等高线<span style="color: black;">不可</span>很好<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>的场景，<span style="color: black;">运用</span>手绘等高线<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更好地将地形地貌<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>出来。在绘制等高线时，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>将点云视角锁定在垂直视角，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>绘制的等高线才<span style="color: black;">不易</span>相交。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">等高线处理完成后<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在点云中进行高程点的添加，<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>高程会更加<span style="color: black;">精细</span>，且植被底下都会有准确的高程点<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/de75e820ecc445a79d89089d3a114369~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728799501&x-signature=70t7souY72OTF85aKBHYp1qDA0c%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>再介绍一下EPS中，一个<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>的功能，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>点云切片绘制及与三维模型联动绘图的功能，这一功能在EPS6.0中有过更新升级，会更加好用。EPS5.0中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有这一功能，我<span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是拿EPS5.0给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>做个演示，<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>自己的需要进行<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在点云独立窗口——Point Cloud中打开点云数据，<span style="color: black;">就可</span>与主窗口中的三维模型进行联动绘图了。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>设置工作平面，进行点云切片，来更好的度激光点云扫描到的房屋墙面进行房屋的绘制，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行部分地物的绘制。在绘制的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>三维模型<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是联动的，方便<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>多视角对现场地物关系的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/11c2bdcc1c6e4f7d9f25d8aa9fb010d1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728799501&x-signature=NWIktyMy%2BSmlRjKEnCKqQFJ5fpk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/a2616af2197447c3a2aedcb745b52e4e~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728799501&x-signature=MfsRKtCDqdu%2BdMRYBIFZvJkA6p0%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>等高线，高程点完成后，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在EPS中加载原始未<span style="color: black;">归类</span>的点云，<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">有没有</span>漏画的地形地貌；修整后的等高线及高程点<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>贴合，进一步<span style="color: black;">保准</span>地形图精度的准确性。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/07645812921f48e0b9b7447712109be1~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1728799501&x-signature=rae2muVFtfAnXsjVm%2F%2FNDxrz%2BGY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">EPS上工作完成后导出cass格式，在cass进行地物的填充以及全图的修饰，修饰完成后，一幅满足1:500国家标准的地形图内业作业就弯沉了，后期<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>项目需要进行现场的调绘及上图工作。</span></span></p>
回顾历史，我们感慨万千；放眼未来，我们信心百倍。
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