诠释骨髓增生性疾身患哪些
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/X9BULRQ5KpiccHiaCsueUQLLbeRlCgPUicN7Ru9Qia5fgDKjcc1CcqGrPTBLj41ymDIDq9icK99fhnlKJhPm2HkWUiag/0?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 什么是骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>?它给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">害处</span>呢?专家提醒，骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>是某一系或多系骨髓细胞<span style="color: black;">持续</span>地<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增殖所<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的一组<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>。临床<span style="color: black;">平常</span>有一种或多种血细胞质和量的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>，脾肿大、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>倾向以及血栓形成。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/X9BULRQ5KpibchqzSS6ZL3wlb93Qh0R8mBBmF1ceAWVwzMC1zhJwIuTib82NelTX9m8mQQmcC9kSPGicCQuo43Wsw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> <span style="color: black;">那样</span>，<span style="color: black;">平常</span>骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 1.真性红细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">真性红细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症是一种以克隆性红细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>为主的骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，90%～95%<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都可<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>JAK2V617F基因突变。中老年发病，男性多见。起病隐匿，偶然查血时<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。血液黏滞度<span style="color: black;">升高</span>可致血流缓慢和组织缺氧，表现为头痛、眩晕、多汗、疲乏、健忘、耳鸣、眼花、视力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>、肢端麻木与刺痛等症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/X9BULRQ5KpiccHiaCsueUQLLbeRlCgPUicNcEDaibibhibdYWlP3wZ2nxu7rvWoZKxpzictqGIyJGC73WYcM0OTFteQAA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> <span style="color: black;">平常</span>临床症状：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">伴血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>时，可有血栓形成和梗死。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于四肢、肠系膜、脑及冠状血管，严重时瘫痪。嗜碱性粒细胞<span style="color: black;">增加</span>，其嗜碱颗粒富有组胺，<span style="color: black;">海量</span>释放刺激胃腺壁细胞，可致消化性溃疡;刺激皮肤有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>瘙痒症。血管内膜<span style="color: black;">损害</span>、血小板第3因子减少、血块回缩不良等，可致<span style="color: black;">流血</span>倾向。高尿酸血症可产生继发性痛风、肾结石及肾功能损害。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>皮肤和黏膜<span style="color: black;">明显</span>红紫，尤以面颊、唇、舌、耳、鼻尖、颈部和四肢末端(指趾及<span style="color: black;">体积</span>鱼际)为甚。眼结合膜<span style="color: black;">明显</span>充血。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>后期可合并肝硬化，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为Mosse<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>多有脾大，可<span style="color: black;">出现</span>脾梗死，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>脾<span style="color: black;">周边</span>炎。约半数病例有高血压。Gaisbock<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>指本症合并高血压而脾不大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">病程分为：①红细胞及血红蛋白<span style="color: black;">增加</span>期：可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>数年;②骨髓纤维化期：<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在诊断后5～13年<span style="color: black;">出现</span>;③贫血期：有巨脾、髓外化生和全血细胞减少。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 为造血干细胞克隆性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，约50%～70%<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有JAK2V617F基因突变。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<span style="color: black;">流血</span>性血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/X9BULRQ5KpibW3HWkFicFZM5cial86vEiaFqsVXOqdFwushtdMm6dS0IR1bCZ7CCmY1pOQpGZXMUX7gFn1BiblavnXw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 2.原发性血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 原发性血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症为造血干细胞克隆性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，约50%～70%<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有JAK2V617F基因突变。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<span style="color: black;">流血</span>性血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">起病缓慢，可有疲劳、乏力。以血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>，脾大，<span style="color: black;">流血</span>或血栓形<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床表现。血小板(1000～3000)×109/L，涂片中血小板聚集成堆，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>不一，偶见巨核细胞碎片。骨髓象各系<span style="color: black;">显著</span>增生，以巨核细胞和血小板增生为主。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血小板<span style="color: black;">连续</span>大于600×109/L，骨髓以巨核系增生为主。能除外继发性血小板<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症，骨髓增生<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">综合症</span>与其他骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>者，<span style="color: black;">就可</span>诊断本病。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 【预后】</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">发展</span>缓慢，<span style="color: black;">数年</span>保持良性过程。约10%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有可能转化为其他类型的骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/X9BULRQ5KpiccHiaCsueUQLLbeRlCgPUicNpsvcNHRjDMib1MzNTMIHpjhNpiaGJN4NjYmXwFFZB6ygFOJKYrBsiaZ4A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 3.原发性骨髓纤维化</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 原发性骨髓纤维化病因不明，巨脾，幼粒幼红细胞性贫血，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>泪滴形红细胞。骨髓常干抽，活检证实骨髓纤维组织增生，在脾、肝、淋巴结等部位有髓样化生。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">骨髓纤维化临床表现：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中位发病年龄为60岁，起病隐匿，偶然<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>脾大而就诊。症状<span style="color: black;">包含</span>乏力、体重下降、食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、左上腹<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、贫血、巨脾<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的压迫症状以及代谢<span style="color: black;">升高</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的低热、出汗、心动过速等。<span style="color: black;">少许</span>有骨骼<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>和<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。严重贫血和<span style="color: black;">流血</span>为本症的晚期表现。<span style="color: black;">少许</span>病例可因高尿酸血症并发痛风及肾结石。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有合并肝硬化，因肝及门静脉血栓形成，而致门静脉高压症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 中老年，巨脾，外周血象有泪滴形红细胞及幼粒幼红细胞性贫血，Ph染色体阴性。多次骨髓“干抽”。骨髓活检<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>胶原纤维增生，则可诊断。肝、脾及淋巴结穿刺可<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>造血灶，提示髓样化生。本病<span style="color: black;">必要</span>与<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的脾大相鉴别。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/X9BULRQ5KpibEMIjtZE3iauKIyaYZH3nic7l47HNIcLcsodEEFVfG0cLIB8tQiaiaHwgavkn1icC5NXA6zQc2PiaD8l6w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 【预后】</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肯定诊断后中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期为5年。近20%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最后演变为急性白血病。死因多为严重贫血、心力衰竭、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>或反复感染。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 由此可见，骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>可对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的身体<span style="color: black;">导致</span>严重的影响，一旦确诊，要积极采取治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，尽最大可能让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情得以好转，延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上内容<span style="color: black;">便是</span>关于骨髓增生性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身体的影响及治疗方面的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>有更进一步的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>的病情，尽早采取有效的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
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