原创 病理报告上这些指标,关乎肿瘤病人的存活质量和存活期
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者:小莱</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前两天<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>讲到了病理报告里面的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>内容<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">诠释</span>(点击阅读),除此之外,免疫组化标记物是肺癌病理报告中另一项<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>信息。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对肿瘤细胞进行免疫组化染色,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>检测出一系列与肿瘤<span style="color: black;">出现</span>、发展<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的蛋白质表达<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">这些标记物不仅有助于确认肿瘤类型,还能为治疗和预后<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>依据。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240509/4ae37a8f1fb44df9890b0612820cd95a.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、病理分期:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症的分期则是衡量肿瘤扩散程度的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>指标。分期信息由T、N、M三个字母组合而成,分别<span style="color: black;">表率</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">体积</span>、淋巴结<span style="color: black;">情况</span>以及<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在远处转移。</p>T<span style="color: black;">表率</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">体积</span>,从T1到T4,数字越大,<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着肿瘤越大。N<span style="color: black;">表率</span>淋巴结的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,N0<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>淋巴结<span style="color: black;">无</span>受累,而N3则<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>淋巴结受累的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>较严重。M则是关于癌症<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>已经扩散到身体其他部位的指标,M0<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>癌症尚未远处转移,而M1则<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了远处转移。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分期系统很好的描述了<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的范围和扩散程度,方便<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>制定更合适的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、免疫组化:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫组化结果报告有许多英文符号,非专业人士很难快速从中获取到想要的信息,下面将对免疫组化报告中<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的指标进行逐一<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>,读者<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>根据自己的报告<span style="color: black;">查询</span>对应的翻译。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">(在报告中“-”<span style="color: black;">表率</span>阴性,“+”<span style="color: black;">表率</span>阳性。)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、肿瘤细胞表达TTF-1</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TTF-1</strong>,即甲状腺转录因子-1,是肺腺癌最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的免疫标志物之一。TTF-1 在甲状腺腺上皮和肺的上皮细胞中<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>表达特性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span></strong>小细胞肺癌、原发性和转移性肺腺癌,以及部分大细胞未分化肺癌,都<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">表示</span>TTF-1免疫组化阳性</strong>结果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而,<strong style="color: blue;">肺鳞癌则是TTF-1阴性</strong>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,TTF-1 <span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个有用的指标,用以区分肺腺癌与鳞癌,并<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>鉴别肺转移性腺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、Her2(4B5)(局灶+)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Her2</strong>,即人类表皮生长因子受体2,它在正常细胞中有助于调节细胞生长和分化。但在癌症中,Her2可能过度表达,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿瘤细胞的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增殖和转移。简单来讲,<strong style="color: blue;">当它变得<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>活跃,会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌细胞长得更快</strong>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,Her2的表达水平<span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症的预后和治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“4B5”是用于检测Her2的一种特定抗体或试剂的标识。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“局灶+”<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着在病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的局部区域,Her2蛋白受体的表达是阳性的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Her2免疫组化结果标准:0分阴性,1分阴性,2分不确定,需进一步FISH检测,3分阳性</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5、P53(散在+,野生型表达)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">P53是属于一种人体的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>某个细胞<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了<span style="color: black;">没</span>法修复的<span style="color: black;">损害</span>,P53蛋白<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">起步</span>程序,使这个细胞<span style="color: black;">出现</span>凋亡,防止其癌变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">突变后的P53基因会丧失这种促进细胞修复的功能,<strong style="color: blue;">受损细胞将不受<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的进行细胞分裂,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>形成肿瘤</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">野生型表达则<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>P53基因在正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下的表达状态,即其基因序列<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>突变,保持着其原有的、正常的功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">6、Ki67(约10%+)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Ki67是与细胞增殖<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的指标,其阳性率越高,肿瘤生长越快,组织分化越差,对化疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>。病理报告(即活检后免疫组化结果)上都会有ki67这一项。ki67<span style="color: black;">一般</span>用百分数<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,范围在0%-100%之间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">简单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">Ki67</strong>是一个<span style="color: black;">能够</span>告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤细胞生长有多快的指标</strong>。<strong style="color: blue;">这个指标的值越高,说明肿瘤长得越快。</strong>它<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用于肺癌分级,其表达水平与肿瘤级别呈正<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。即值越大,肿瘤级别越高、越危险。较高的Ki67指数有时<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着更差的预后,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>细胞增殖快可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>更高的恶性度和耐药性基因突变概率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">但Ki67值的高低并不是判断预后的<span style="color: black;">独一</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>结合其他的信息来做全面的判断</strong>。(点击阅读《病理报告上的这个值越高,癌细胞越容易复发转移?》)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240509/fac6b024cbf2432dac8716c23a29ceb2.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7、EGFR(++)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在免疫组化<span style="color: black;">检测</span>中的EGFR指的是表皮生长因子受体,与病友们<span style="color: black;">平常</span>到的EGFR基因突变不是一个概念,简单的理解<span style="color: black;">能够</span>认为EGFR基因突变是图纸,EGFR蛋白是<span style="color: black;">根据</span>图纸建造的房子,EGFR基因编码产生的蛋白在细胞增殖、分化和凋亡等生理过程中发挥<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。两个+则<span style="color: black;">表率</span>它的表达水平较高。<strong style="color: blue;">免疫组化中的EGFR+++不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>EGFR基因<span style="color: black;">必定</span>有突变。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">8、C-MET(SP44)(1+)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C-MET在肿瘤免疫组化分析中是一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的标记物。它<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>C-MET蛋白表达的,在肿瘤中,C-MET的过表达或激活<span style="color: black;">一般</span>与不良预后和肿瘤<span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C-MET(SP44)(1+)<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>在免疫组化分析中,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>SP44抗体检测到的C-MET表达水平为1+,即<strong style="color: blue;">低度阳性</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">9、KKLC-1(-)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">KK-LC-1(Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1)是一种肿瘤睾丸抗原,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为CT83或Cxorf61,是热门抗癌靶点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">区域淋巴结总数及受累的数目:此项记录了切除淋巴结的部位、送检个数及转移淋巴结数。7组1/1枚,<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>第7组送检1枚淋巴结,1枚转移</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240509/c165da882b0f4f3f8230350b0e50cb66.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">小结</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">面对<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的术语和指标,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不必过于担忧。<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是科学的治疗和精心的护理,以及与病魔斗争的良好<span style="color: black;">心理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240509/68248775f20f4f219327b8748cadcebd.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:摄图网</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献</strong></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Marrack JR. The chemistry of antigens and antibodies. J Phys Chem. 1934; 38(7): 989-989. doi:10.1021/j150358a015</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Pileri SA, Roncador G, Ceccarelli C, et al. Antigen retrieval techniques in immunohistochemistry: comparison of different methods. J Pathol. 1997;183(1):116-123. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199709)183:1<116::AID-PATH1087>3.0.CO;2-2</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中华病理学杂志, 2021,50(4) : 323-332. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20201220-00945</p>
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