9q13nh 发表于 2024-6-23 00:21:24

一文带你认识肿瘤实验中的TNM分期


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>什么是TNM分期系统TNM分期系统<span style="color: black;">首要</span>由法国人Pierre Denoix于1943年至1952年间提出,后来美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC,American Joint Committee on Cancer)和国际抗癌联盟(UICC,Union for International Cancer Control)逐步<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>国际性的分期标准,并于1968年正式出版了第1版《恶性肿瘤TNM<span style="color: black;">归类</span>法》手册。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已更新至第八版,它<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和医学科学工作者<span style="color: black;">针对</span>恶性肿瘤进行分期的标准<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TNM分期系统是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国际上应用最广泛、认可度最高的肿瘤分期系统,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是临床上对恶性肿瘤进行分期的标准<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。TNM分期系统中:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1,T(“T”是肿瘤一词英文“Tumor”的首字母)指肿瘤原发灶的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,随着肿瘤体积的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>和邻近组织受累范围的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,依次用T1~T4来<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2, N(“N”是淋巴结一词英文“Node”的首字母)指区域淋巴结(regional lymph node)受累<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。淋巴结未受累时,用N0<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。随着淋巴结受累程度和范围的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,依次用N1~N3<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3,M(“M”是转移一词英文“metastasis”的首字母)指远处转移(<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是血道转移),<span style="color: black;">无</span>远处转移者用M0<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,有远处转移者用M1<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这里</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,用TNM三个指标的组合(grouping)划出特定的分期(stage)。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>常用分期符号在癌症TNM分期系统中,常用的分期符号<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是T,N,M后面加上<span style="color: black;">有些</span>后缀。例如:X<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>的是<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,相应的TX<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>的则是,原发肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">评定</span>;0<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>的是<span style="color: black;">无</span>证据证明某物的存在,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>N0<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>,淋巴结未<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肿瘤;1-4则<span style="color: black;">常常</span>用来<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>程度,数字越大肿瘤的严重程度越高。</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-a41f10dece731aac1df4321b10c85d04_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每一种肿瘤的TNM分期系统各不相同,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>TNM分期中字母和数字的含义在不同肿瘤所<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的意思不同。TNM分期中T,N,M确定后就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>得出相应的总的分期,即I期,II期,III期,IV期等。有时候<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会与字母组合细分为IIA或IIIB等等。如下图所示:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-68de672ad039245b0d35f6c1eaedba60_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I期的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是相对<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的肿瘤有着相对较好的预后。分期越高<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着肿瘤<span style="color: black;">发展</span>程度越高,治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>更为<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,预后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会较差。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以肺癌为例,肺癌TNM分期:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-2f77639ac9021694ad8935273659b10e_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌T分期:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-6dfe1ba4dce9f29387dc5974abde9523_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌N分期:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-39358366badffb49c493aea5aa23027a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌M分期:</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-7a7b391832256da22e6d737c77693339_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>TNM分期系统存在的<span style="color: black;">道理</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,TNM分期可<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>更好地<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情<span style="color: black;">选取</span>最合适的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>;其次,TNM分期系统<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>更好地判断病人的预后,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>病人的治愈机率和存活时间;再者,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>TNM分期系统,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可预估疗效。再把目光放长远<span style="color: black;">有些</span>,癌症TNM分期系统<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个国际性的癌症分期的评判标准,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有利于促进国际间的学术交流,促进癌症的<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>,为人类健康带来<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的福祉。</p>
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情迷布拉格 发表于 2024-8-26 14:50:04

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lbk60ox 发表于 2024-8-31 13:57:27

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荔枝糖 发表于 2024-9-4 11:40:23

这篇文章真的让我受益匪浅,外链发布感谢分享!
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