怎么样读懂诗歌(直播课视频)
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文字稿:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>读懂诗歌</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">人们常说</span>“人生不止是眼前的苟且,还有远方和诗歌”,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">可怕的是,</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">生活不止是眼前的苟且,还有</span></span><span style="color: black;">——</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">读不懂诗歌。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>诗歌,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的生活得寒碜到什么程度。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在美景前,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>只能</span>“啊——”</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">,说出</span>“啊,长江,你他妈怎么这么长呢”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在美人前,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>只能</span>“嗯——”</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">,说不出一句<span style="color: black;">稳妥</span>的能表达自己心思的话来。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">弄<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>像阿</span>Q表白</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同样</span>:</span>“吴妈,我要和你困觉。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">说实话,学生读不懂古诗词,不仅<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>正常。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全部</span>古诗词赖以<span style="color: black;">存活</span>的语言标记方式变化了,情感<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>理解了。这话说得有点抽象了,我说朴素点,我有一个<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>,<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>写点古诗,偶尔<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能有些创作上的困惑。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>中秋节,他陪父母打麻将,</span>“麻将”这个词<span style="color: black;">好似</span>不太能出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>诗中;他送<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>,写了一首诗,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>是坐高铁走的,诗中对交通工具似乎还是不提为好。这就叫语言标记方式的变化。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这种标记方式,人们对古诗词的有一个刻板的审美心理,送别最好在南浦,离家在外住驿站。但<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>,一方面高铁和宾馆还<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>新的表达情感的审美对象,另一方面,朝发朝至的<span style="color: black;">方便</span>交通,人与人之间的分别时情感,以及人住在星级酒店的情感,惆怅感、凄凉感可能会大大减弱,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还会有相反的感受。在这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,古诗词就不得不慢慢变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>文化博物馆里的回忆了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">再说,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>一个学生从小学到高中接触的诗词数量实在太有限,我曾经让高二学生试着统计一下自己所有会背的诗和词,超出一百首的学生是很少的。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>诗歌有什么特点?</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是四点:私人化、蕴藉、想象、美。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">先说私人化。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>诗歌会肉麻?</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">其实这说明诗歌是非常私人化的东西,在公共场合阅读和分析才会肉麻。古代诗人要是<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会有一个诗歌鉴赏题,会公开<span style="color: black;">这般</span>分析<span style="color: black;">她们</span>写的诗,就<span style="color: black;">必定</span>写不出诗来。就好比两个情侣,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在私密空间说的话<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>公开了当然会恶心,要是<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>说的话会被放到广场大屏幕上,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>就不会说话。<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>玩手机的<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>,半夜和<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>聊的<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>内容,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">次日</span>会在教室</span></span><span style="color: black;">PPT上播放,肯定会改变说话方式。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>诗歌有一个特性,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>私人话,不是对公众的,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">类似于日记、书信,发短信,聊</span>Q。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>读不懂诗歌?<span style="color: black;">亦</span>与诗歌的私人化<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。其<span style="color: black;">由于</span>对象的单一性,彼此理解,省略了<span style="color: black;">海量</span>背景性知识。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,一个男人深夜给另一个男人发短信:</span>“你没事吧?”你会浮想联翩,最有可能是两个男人在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>喝酒刚回去。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>你最<span style="color: black;">认识</span>最好<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>QQ说说里的那句神经病话的意思。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关于这个特点,有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>有趣的故事。下面这两首诗,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都很<span style="color: black;">熟练</span>。朱庆余考前给张水部写信,以一个新娘口吻写的,马上就要拜见婆婆,问丈夫自己眉毛画得合不合适。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>意思想问问</span>“我<span style="color: black;">文案</span>写得怎么样呀,能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>考上呀”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近试上张水部</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">洞房昨夜停红烛,待晓堂前拜舅姑。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">妆罢低声问夫婿:画眉深浅入时无?</span> </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">而张水部就好这口,非常开心,回了一封信,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是写一个<span style="color: black;">美丽</span>的女子:</span>“你美着呢。”<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还有嗔怪:“你明<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己美,你还问。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">酬朱庆余</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">越女新妆出镜心,自知明艳更沉吟。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">齐纨未足时人贵,一曲菱歌敌万金。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">关于其他三个特点,放在后面<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>读诗里说。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">读懂诗</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">是不是就<span style="color: black;">无</span>一点办法了呢?<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是,还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>可能。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这种可能的关键在于你<span style="color: black;">想要</span>办法走进作者的心灵和走进古诗词的语言。走进作者的心灵<span style="color: black;">便是</span>对远离现实的古人多一份人文关怀,关注其文字<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的<span style="color: black;">新鲜</span>的内心世界,产生同情、<span style="color: black;">喜欢</span>、崇敬、共鸣等形式的心灵的沟通。走进诗词的语言<span style="color: black;">便是</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">让诗词语言充分撞击<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的心灵,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在内心对诗词语言进行充分的体验,产生丰富的内在语言,</span>“悟”得古诗词语言要表达的“真意”,使诗词内容<span style="color: black;">作为</span>自己的“内在生命”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">走进古诗词作者的心灵</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">我从两个方面来谈这个问题。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.多一点人文关怀</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">其实古人写诗写词和今天你写</span>QQ签名、写日志等有相同之处。那<span style="color: black;">便是</span>没人逼着写,是心灵和情感的流露,是“自由文学”,不拿稿费,不求利禄。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,中国古诗的最大特点<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“蕴藉”,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>含蓄而不显露,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>和QQ签名、日志等有相同的特点。它是一种情的艺术,需要用心去读,需要走进诗人心里,才<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>他要表达什么意思。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">你会进入谁的空间看日志?应该是你的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>,或你<span style="color: black;">留意</span>、感兴趣的人。<span style="color: black;">为何</span>?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>你想<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>他在想什么,关心他的心情,<span style="color: black;">留意</span>他的感受,想<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>他<span style="color: black;">近期</span>的想法。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>一个人的</span>QQ签名不是所有人都能看懂,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>可能是委婉的、深沉的、迂回的、多层的、正话反说的、指桑骂槐的、言简意赅的、一语双关的,但你懂,你懂得他(她)<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>神经病话的真正意思。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>你走进了<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>的心灵,你用一种人文关怀的眼光去看他的文字。或许里面有你费解的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,但你在试图去懂他,<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>去推测他的意思,尤其是结合他平时的想法,他的处境来推测他表达的意思。但<span style="color: black;">针对</span>古代诗人,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>像关心<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>关心<span style="color: black;">她们</span>,不关心<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的荣辱得失,不去试图想<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的感情、境遇,对<span style="color: black;">她们</span>看似“无厘头”的诗句缺少人文宽容和关怀。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>常常觉得自己看不懂诗歌。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">还有你在教材上学的许多诗歌不是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>自己的感悟去理解其意思的,大<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>老师讲你记下来的,不是真懂。即使当时觉得懂了,<span style="color: black;">成长</span>了,随着生活阅历的<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会有新的想法。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>王安石写的《梅花》,小的时候觉得<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>写梅花迎着雪开了,梅花很坚强。生活阅历<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了再想想</span>“凌寒”、“暗香”等,就会想出诗人<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对梅花不畏严寒的高洁品性的赞赏,暗示其坚强高洁的人格所<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>的伟大的魅力。<span style="color: black;">从而</span>想到作者在北宋极端<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>和艰难的局势下,积极改革,而得不到支持,其孤独<span style="color: black;">心理</span>和艰难处境,与梅花自然有共通的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">文学是一种情学、人学,诗尤甚。我说看不懂诗歌很<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>,不是妄言,</span>2011年安徽高考<span style="color: black;">第1</span>天下午,我在安大阅卷现场参与试批和制定评分细则,那一年的古诗选的是欧阳修的《琅琊溪》,一看到注释中有“被贬”字样,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>考生就连诗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不放在眼里了,直接思维定势地去写表现了被贬的苦闷,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还扯出什么<span style="color: black;">巴望</span>朝廷重新任用自己之类风马牛的答案。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,我的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>条<span style="color: black;">意见</span>是,读诗时试着对古诗中的</span>“人”的多<span style="color: black;">有些</span>人文关怀。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2.<span style="color: black;">认识</span>文人<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的内心世界</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>特殊的时代背景和历史<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,中国古代文人有其特殊的成功观,不把自己诗词创作的成就当作人生价值实现的方式。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">巴望</span>出仕济世,建功立业。正如<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的作品<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>表达自己的意思的方式不是直接的,而是含蓄的、迂回的。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>穷酸与清高并存、可怜与可爱一体、自恋与自卑交替。<span style="color: black;">常常</span>呈现出<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">情况</span>:没官的想有官,有官的想居高位,居高位多<span style="color: black;">不堪</span>其职,被贬刚满腹牢骚。于是说自己<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>不愿与世俗同流合污,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>报国无门,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>有<span style="color: black;">才可</span>不遇贤主,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>粪土王侯,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>发誓隐居</span>……</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">李白虽有</span>“安能摧眉折腰事权贵,使我不得开心颜”的洒脱,但离开长安以后,仍难以避免“昔日长安醉花柳,五侯七贵共杯酒”炫耀的俗气;孟浩然用“欲济无舟楫,端居耻圣明”来表达求人<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>的愿望,在求官不得后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有“不才明主弃,多病故人疏”的抱怨;杜甫有“碧海真难涉,青云不可梯”的无助,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有“名岂<span style="color: black;">文案</span>著,官应老病休”的不甘……</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">你读诗时不要把作者看成一个</span>“平面纸人”,要立体地、多<span style="color: black;">方向</span>地看待<span style="color: black;">她们</span>。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>写“马”、写“剑”、写“松”、写“石”,都是在写自己。说甘心时正是不甘心时,说不<span style="color: black;">留意</span>时正是<span style="color: black;">留意</span>时,强调自己非常开心时正是欲流泪之时,强调自己完全忘记世俗完全清心寡欲正是烦躁不安愤愤不平之时……关注了诗人文字<span style="color: black;">背面</span>的思绪,关注了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>文字<span style="color: black;">背面</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的灵魂,才不会单一地、机械地、不得要领地去理解一首诗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这是第二条。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">走进诗词的语言</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>古诗词鉴赏,我一个</span>“泡茶”的理论。茶叶有打卷、瘦小、颜色暗等特点,想看出茶叶的真面目,那就只能放到一杯白开水里泡,泡开了<span style="color: black;">才可</span>看到茶叶舒展绿色的全貌来。<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>对这个茶叶进行品鉴、分析、写评语。中国的古诗词就像茶叶,有含蓄、蕴藉、讲究形式等特点,是打着卷的,需要读者用自己的一杯白开水来把它“泡开”。学生<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>缺少一杯白开水,更严重的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是在<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的考试教育下<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不觉得要有一杯白开水的必要,上了高三仍停留在小学背答案的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,一看见写景的诗中有山有水的,就说是抒发了作者对祖国大好河山的热爱,一看到送别<span style="color: black;">便是</span>表现了对<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>的依依惜别之情,一看到诗人被贬就说是报国无门的愤慨。认为诗<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不需要怎么看、怎么品味。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">我觉得这杯</span>“白开水”<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>以下几个方面的东西。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 1.<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>诗中有一个“新世界”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">文学里有一个全新的世界,有时是非现实的。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>意象遵循文学的约定俗成原则,但<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不合乎生活<span style="color: black;">规律</span>。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>在中国古代诗词里,东南西北风似乎都是被约定好的,</span>“东风”指春天,“南风”指夏天,“西风”指秋天,“北风”指冬天,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>读古诗时,看到“儿童散学归来早,忙趁东风放纸鸢”就<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>是在春天放风筝,但在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>生活中,春天可能刮的是南风或西风。再<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>梅花在春天开放,但诗词里的梅花永远在寒冬腊月、大雪纷飞时“凌寒独自开”。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>用现实生活的理性思维来想诗词的内容,应当有文学思维。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,古代有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>诗词写到</span><span style="color: black;">“凭栏”“倚栏”“凭阑”等词,这些词的大意为“依靠着栏杆站着”,但<span style="color: black;">大众</span>想一想,古时住楼的是<span style="color: black;">少许</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>在土地不紧张的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">无</span>必要,只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>这个动作<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>怀远、或<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>凭吊、或<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>抑郁愁苦、或<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>慷慨激昂,不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>真的站在阳台上</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">,取其意而不取其实</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">记得有一次讲《声声慢》,一个女生说,感觉李清照居住的环境还挺不错的,景观好,抬头就看到大雁飞过,低头<span style="color: black;">便是</span>满院的菊花,院子里还种着<span style="color: black;">高挑</span>的梧桐树。李清照家当然不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>真的有这些呀,只是借这几个意象来表现内心的</span>“戚戚惨惨凄凄”,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>当真。当诗人<span style="color: black;">不可</span>回家时,<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的一切都是能“<span style="color: black;">协同</span>”好的:抬头见月,低头红花,长亭有归鸦,西楼柳发芽,雨点一阵阵,笛声催<span style="color: black;">白头</span>,鸿雁不传书,长安有雪花,水边有横舟,驿站无车马,西风浮云遮望眼,泪水和梦哗啦啦……明白了这一点,在读一首诗或词时就不会<span style="color: black;">那样</span>“认死理儿”了——从生活理性来看,文学<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是“无理”的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,你还要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>诗歌意象的形成有一个文化认同过程,很<span style="color: black;">大都是</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>形成的。<span style="color: black;">例如</span></span>“柳”<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">拜别</span>,王维要送元二了,一出门就能看见“客舍青青柳色新”,再如玫瑰花、鸽子,难道古时<span style="color: black;">无</span>吗,有,但前者<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>爱情,后者真的有送信的信鸽却<span style="color: black;">不可</span>像鸿雁那样在诗中浪漫地“传书”,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>未能得到认同。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>看到《胡杨<span style="color: black;">女性</span>》<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的电视剧名字,你就不会产生长得像胡杨<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的<span style="color: black;">女性</span>或是种胡杨树的<span style="color: black;">女性</span>或是站在胡杨树底下的<span style="color: black;">女性</span>等一类的感觉,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>胡杨<span style="color: black;">表率</span>坚强,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>形成的文化认同,胡杨<span style="color: black;">女性</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>像胡杨那样坚强<span style="color: black;">女性</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.古代文化常识</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">对古诗的陌生还有对古代文化知识的陌生。刚才说了,除了考试卷上的,学生<span style="color: black;">全部</span>的语文学习历程才见过太少了。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>驿站、登高、冬至、黄花、浮云、白头、渺然、醴泉、洛阳、长安等<span style="color: black;">包含</span>什么意思,学生不全明白。有一次上课讲到李清照的词《点绛唇》时,学生觉得理解不了,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>问</span>“老师,你怎么<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>来的人是个帅哥”?显然学生对“却把青梅嗅”中“青梅”的意象<span style="color: black;">包含</span>不<span style="color: black;">熟练</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>他<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>“青梅”在古诗词中<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>少女情怀的话就好理解了。再如“荷叶罗裙一色裁,芙蓉向脸两边开”<span style="color: black;">为何</span>就能写出采莲女子的<span style="color: black;">美丽</span>?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>古诗里写美人似乎都不约而同地遵循着“写人不及肉”的习惯,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>写<span style="color: black;">周边</span>美景或女子的服饰等来表现她的美。<span style="color: black;">无</span>这些常识,有时自然觉得“匪夷所思”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.联想和想象能力。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>古诗是非常讲究蕴藉的,几乎每一句都是微型蒙太奇,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>中间必然得有读者的想象力来搭桥。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,培养学生的想象能力<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">显出</span>非常重要。举几个例子<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>一下。</span>“枯藤老树昏鸦”总<span style="color: black;">不可</span>是三者独立的吧,枯藤缠在老树上,乌鸦站在光秃秃的枝丫上<span style="color: black;">或</span>站在树下的坟头上才是诗,“胡琴琵琶与羌笛”总<span style="color: black;">不可</span>指挂在营帐里的三种乐器吧,你得用自己的想象“听”到<span style="color: black;">各样</span>乐器鸣奏的送别场面的伤感和<span style="color: black;">悲惨</span>。“孤帆远影碧空尽,惟见长江天际流”“山回路转不见君,雪上空留马行处 ” 等诗句不仅写出了送别的场面,你还要看到诗人的形象,当<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>走远了,他还在那里伫立着,伫立着,面色凝重,内心惆怅,看着那涌入天际的江水、那延伸到无尽远方的马蹄印,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还要生进一步看出那江水、那马蹄不正是诗人的愁绪在翻滚、被拉长吗?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">走进诗人的心灵,走进诗歌的语言,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>培养古诗词鉴赏能力。缺少这两个前提,古诗词鉴赏的过程就会沦为做题、找答案的过程,久之,就会对古诗词缺少兴趣和感情。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今晚7:10,我将和合肥八中毕业的学霸,北大汤文博,<span style="color: black;">一块</span>聊聊<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>阅读散文,收看这个阅读的公益直播课,点击左下角蓝字“阅读原文”<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。</span></p>
我深受你的启发,你的话语是我前进的动力。 你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。 楼主的文章深得我心,表示由衷的感谢! 楼主发的这篇帖子,我觉得非常有道理。
页:
[1]