CAR-T细胞疗法 以改造细胞对抗癌细胞
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CAR-T细胞疗法是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>改造从癌症病患血液中提取的白血球细胞,再送回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>以对抗癌细胞。这个疗法为<span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>其他化疗或放疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的血癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>另一选项。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不少人以为血癌即是白血病,其实血癌可分三大类:白血病、淋巴瘤和骨髓瘤。血癌与固体肿瘤不同,癌细胞会在骨髓或淋巴生长,并循血液全身流动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>接受访问时说,中央医院每年接获约80起急性白血病和90起淋巴癌新病例。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血癌分有许多不同类型,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的成人白血病<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为急性骨髓性白血病,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的成人淋巴癌<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为弥漫性大B细胞淋巴癌,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的儿童白血病则<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为急性淋巴细胞白血病。她说:“在本地,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>经常看到成人<span style="color: black;">身患</span>淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤,在世界其他地区,这两者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是常见癌症。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新浪爱问<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>解释,血癌<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>血细胞突变所<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。血细胞突变不具遗传性,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会传给家族成员。至于<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>特定血型者<span style="color: black;">更易</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>血癌,她指出,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>没证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>这一点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状不<span style="color: black;">显著</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">血癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状并不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在患病初期不会有任何症状,而是在健康<span style="color: black;">检测</span>中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己的血细胞计数<span style="color: black;">反常</span>,才咨询血液学专家。林慧颖<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说:“血癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有时可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>类似流感症状,如:发烧、关节<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、淤伤,有时还会牙龈<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。至于淋巴瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的淋巴结可能肿大,却不感到<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">要治愈血癌,治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:化疗、放疗、免疫治疗、小分子/靶向治疗、干细胞移植和CAR-T细胞疗法。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>人认为,化疗会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患血癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,林慧颖<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>并不同意,她解释:“化疗<span style="color: black;">不该</span>被视为存在巨大<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>,某类型的化疗(并非<span style="color: black;">所有</span>)可能<span style="color: black;">增多</span>一个人患上白血病的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,但那属罕见<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,病人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能在化疗10年后才面临继发性白血病的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">干细胞移植是一种<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>公认治疗血癌的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,在全世界用于治疗血癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>超过10年。林慧颖<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>指出,<span style="color: black;">所说</span>的干细胞移植,是<span style="color: black;">运用</span>健康干细胞捐赠者的干细胞来治疗血癌。首要<span style="color: black;">前提</span>是<span style="color: black;">必要</span>找到细胞与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>相容的干细胞捐赠者。缺点是干细胞移植是一种<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>感染<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,治疗后<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">长期</span>恢复,还可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>并发症,如捐赠细胞攻击<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身体,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>恢复更缓慢。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CAR-T细胞疗法治重病</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CAR-T细胞疗法则是细胞和基因疗法的一种形式。林慧颖<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>经常<span style="color: black;">运用</span>个性化、针对性、活体<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、活体疗法来描述CAR-T细胞疗法,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这些白血球细胞是从病人的血液中提取,并针对其癌症来改造,经过改造的细胞再送回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>(进入血液,像输血<span style="color: black;">同样</span>)来对抗癌细胞。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CAR-T细胞疗法得到美国食品和<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局和新加坡卫生科学局<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>。在本地,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一种CAR-T疗法<span style="color: black;">得到</span>新加坡卫生科学局<span style="color: black;">准许</span>。该疗法适用于<span style="color: black;">身患</span>B细胞急性淋巴细胞白血病(B cell ALL)的25岁或以下<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人,尤其针对经过两种或<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>治疗后复发,或经过异体干细胞移植后复发的病人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,卫生科学局<span style="color: black;">准许</span>的CAR-T疗法<span style="color: black;">亦</span>适用于经过两个或多个治疗周期后复发的成人弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,林慧颖<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>认为,更恰当的说法是,CAR-T细胞疗法为<span style="color: black;">身患</span>非常严重、侵袭性或晚期<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,即<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>可能<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>其他化疗或放疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>另一种治疗方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>与潜在并发症</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与其他疗法相比,CAR-T疗法<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>更昂贵?林<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说,CAR-T细胞疗法是一种个性化的治疗方式,价格昂贵。然而,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>说它比其他治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>更昂贵,需要加以说明。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在接受化疗和放疗时,得<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>多种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。这种治疗配套<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>月都会重复,直到病人对治疗有反应。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>病人<span style="color: black;">无</span>反应,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>不得不为<span style="color: black;">她们</span>寻找其他可能有效的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。CAR-T细胞疗法是一种一次性的疗法。从长远来看,CAR-T疗法的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>可能与其他治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>相当。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与所有治疗<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,CAR-T细胞疗法可<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>和潜在并发症。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>细胞因子释放<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>(CRS)、免疫效应细胞<span style="color: black;">关联</span>神经毒性<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>(ICANS),以及CAR-T细胞治疗后的感染<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">细胞因子释放<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>是一种多系统性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,由针对癌细胞的压倒性免疫反应<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。病人<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>发烧、血压和心率变化,有时还可能<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫效应细胞<span style="color: black;">关联</span>神</p>
我完全同意你的观点,说得太对了。
页:
[1]