宝宝显现了睡觉倒退怎么办?一张表格教你怎么做
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">排查<span style="color: black;">原由</span>、对症下药<span style="color: black;">才可</span>更好地<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>宝宝顺利渡过<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>倒退期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>宝宝<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>倒退的<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有:<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>模式的变化、小睡安排的变化(并觉期)、大运动发展的影响、情感认知的发展。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>总结了一张简单的表格,更<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的内容,<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>继续阅读。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240711/8ea97fedd98644f18e819898706c707d.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>模式的变化</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>月龄段:2~6 月龄 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">● 倒退<span style="color: black;">原由</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小婴儿 4 个月左右,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>「非快速眼动<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>」(<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>由非快动眼<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>和快动眼<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>这两个<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>状态<span style="color: black;">构成</span>,并循环反复)的细化,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>模式会<span style="color: black;">起始</span>向成人<span style="color: black;">挨近</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>模式的变化,会让<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>宝宝觉得不适应,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>过程中醒来的次数。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">看起来宝宝的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>是<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了倒退(夜醒<span style="color: black;">增多</span>、小睡变短),<span style="color: black;">然则</span>从宝宝<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>模式的发展规律来看,这种新的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>模式是一种进步。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>子<span style="color: black;">周期</span>更细化,更趋于成人的成熟<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>模式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">● <span style="color: black;">怎样</span>应对</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>,不慌乱、耐心维稳。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽可能地延续<span style="color: black;">日前</span>对宝宝有效的安抚方式来处理<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>问题,不要轻易恢复之前<span style="color: black;">已然</span>不需要的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>联想。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,宝宝<span style="color: black;">已然</span>不需要奶睡 / 抱睡了,不要<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>让宝宝「快点去睡」变成一哭就塞奶,一哭就抱。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二,循序渐进、<span style="color: black;">加强</span>宝宝的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>能力。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>用「渐进替代」的方式改变宝宝对高强度安抚的依赖。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拿有奶睡习惯的宝宝举个例子:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>尝试用先用抱哄替代奶睡;<span style="color: black;">而后</span>用床拍替代抱哄;接着用<span style="color: black;">陪同</span>语言安抚替代床拍;循序渐进向自主入睡靠近。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">倒退<span style="color: black;">原由</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">小睡安排的变化(并觉期)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>月龄:6~9 月龄<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉消失的 3 并 2 <span style="color: black;">周期</span>(3 觉并 2 觉)、12 月龄<span style="color: black;">白日</span>第二次小睡哄睡困难时期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>分月龄来分析<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">6~9 月龄</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● 倒退<span style="color: black;">原由</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">匆忙</span>取消<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>宝宝过度疲劳。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当宝宝<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉难哄的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,家长的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>反应基本<span style="color: black;">便是</span>:取消<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>贸然取消<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉,容易让宝宝<span style="color: black;">显现</span>过度疲劳的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,而过度疲劳则是<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>夜醒频繁的重要<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● <span style="color: black;">怎样</span>应对</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>,正确<span style="color: black;">把握</span>两个<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉取消信号</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>即使<span style="color: black;">增多</span>安抚强度,<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>入睡依然<span style="color: black;">反常</span>困难;以及<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>哄睡成功就会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>夜觉入睡拖延,这两个现象<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>(5~7 天),<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>取消<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二,<span style="color: black;">恰当</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>清醒间隔</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了使并觉顺利,请从宝宝<span style="color: black;">每日</span>的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次小睡<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>。<span style="color: black;">意见</span>推迟早上<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次小睡的<span style="color: black;">起始</span>时间。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>顺延并拉开<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次和第二次小睡之间的间隔。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>操作的目的,是为了缩短宝宝午睡起床后,到<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>睡觉之间的间隔,减少过度疲劳的可能。提早就寝时间,则<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进一步避免并觉产生的过度疲劳。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第三,耐心<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>宝宝渡过并觉期</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>当天取消<span style="color: black;">傍晚</span>觉,傍晚的时候,宝宝会容易变得烦躁、易怒、高<span style="color: black;">需要</span>。这个时候家长要对宝宝多一点耐心,<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>多抱抱宝宝,不要<span style="color: black;">太多</span>刺激宝宝。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">12 月龄</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● 倒退<span style="color: black;">原由</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">睡一次<span style="color: black;">不足</span>、睡两次太多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● <span style="color: black;">怎样</span>应对</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>,正确<span style="color: black;">把握</span> 3 个并觉信号</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>上午小睡入睡困难;<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>上午小睡易醒变短;<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>上午小睡时长自动<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>会影响午睡的哄睡难度以及<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>时长。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>连续<span style="color: black;">显现</span> 5~7 天,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>并觉。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>只是偶尔的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,不属于并觉信号。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>宝宝的小睡特点<span style="color: black;">选取</span>并觉方式</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>上午小睡的宝宝,即上午小睡容易,并且有越睡越久的趋势。这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>逐步推迟上午小睡<span style="color: black;">起始</span>的时间,直到把宝宝<span style="color: black;">白日</span>的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">独一</span>一次小睡,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>推迟到<span style="color: black;">晌午</span> 12 点之后。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">抗拒上午小睡的宝宝。这一类的宝宝并觉操作会更加简单:直接取消上午小睡。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>需要提早午餐的时间(<span style="color: black;">意见</span>提早到 11 点<span style="color: black;">上下</span>)和午睡时间(<span style="color: black;">意见</span>提早到 12 点<span style="color: black;">上下</span>安排睡下)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">千万要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>:<span style="color: black;">白日</span>小睡的 2 次并 1 次的过程,其实是取消上午小睡,千万不要取消下午小睡。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">大运动发展的影响</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>月龄:5~10 月龄</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● 倒退<span style="color: black;">原由</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在宝宝解锁新技能的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>会在<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>不由自主地「练习」这些新技能。宝宝<span style="color: black;">本来</span>连续的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>周期循环被这些练习所打扰时,宝宝就会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>再次入睡困难的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● <span style="color: black;">怎样</span>应对</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>,<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">白日</span>练习</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在大运动发展<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,家长<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要做的是<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">白日</span>的练习机会。给宝宝<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的练习机会。「熟」不仅能「生巧」,练习的过程<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一个很大的「放电」过程,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>宝宝的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">需要</span>,睡得更好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二,分<span style="color: black;">状况</span>处理</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在处理大运动发展影响<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>的过程中,需要仔细观察宝宝<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>「自主复位」的能力,即宝宝<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>自己的能力恢复到平常的睡姿。在宝宝刚<span style="color: black;">把握</span>新技能时,家长<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>宝宝复位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当宝宝完全<span style="color: black;">能够</span>「自主复位」(翻身之后,自己<span style="color: black;">能够</span>翻回来;坐起之后,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自己趴下;扶站之后,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自己坐下),家长就应该减少<span style="color: black;">或</span>是放手<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>帮宝宝复位,重新引导宝宝自己去睡。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">情感认知的发展</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>月龄:10~18 月龄</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● 倒退<span style="color: black;">原由</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">美国儿科学会认为,宝宝的分离焦虑会在 10~18 月龄达到高峰,并在 18~24 月龄的时候<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>消失。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出于分离焦虑期的宝宝<span style="color: black;">由于</span>对<span style="color: black;">重点</span>照顾人的依恋,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>不愿意让<span style="color: black;">重点</span>照顾人离开自己的视线,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>抗拒入睡以及夜醒<span style="color: black;">增多</span>的可能。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>分床<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是分房的宝宝<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会在这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>「需要陪着<span style="color: black;">才可</span>睡的睡,不陪着就<span style="color: black;">始终</span>醒」的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">郑重提醒家长们,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>分离焦虑<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>问题,家长更应该把重点放在「<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在清醒玩耍的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,更好地满足宝宝的情感<span style="color: black;">需要</span>」。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">● 应对<span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>,进行短暂分离的练习小游戏</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>捉迷藏、躲猫猫。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>游戏让宝宝更好地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>「物体恒存」的概念,即,宝宝虽然看不到妈咪,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>妈咪依旧存在的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第二,妈妈每次离开宝宝之前要有正式、简单的告别仪式</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">妈妈离开宝宝的时候,不要悄悄地走,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要<span style="color: black;">由于</span>宝宝的哭闹而走得犹犹豫豫、拖拖拉拉。并且言而有信,在约定好的时间回到宝宝身边。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第三,专注<span style="color: black;">陪同</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">和宝宝在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>的时候,请放下手机。<span style="color: black;">增多</span>和宝宝的眼神交流和身体接触。给宝宝<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的拥抱和积极<span style="color: black;">回复</span>互动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">第四,夜醒的时候需要<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的耐心</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">保持</span>底线,不要轻易回到之前的奶睡抱睡的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。尤其是<span style="color: black;">已然</span>好久不喝夜奶的<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>,不要轻易恢复夜奶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Maclean, J., Fitzgerald, D., & Waters, K. (2015). Developmental changes in sleep and breathing across infancy and childhood. Paediatric Respiratory Review, 16(4),276-284.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">[美] 斯蒂文•谢尔弗. 美国儿科学会育儿百科 0~5岁. 北京:北京科学技术出版社,2012: 255-256</p>
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我完全赞同你的观点,思考很有深度。 感谢你的精彩评论,带给我新的思考角度。
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