诸子百家养生办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自古<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,养生之道素为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>所<span style="color: black;">注重</span>。从春秋战国到秦汉这段历史时期,我国学术界产生的著名学派就有“九流十派”之多,因而在学术思想方面<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了“百家争鸣”的局面,中医养生学<span style="color: black;">亦</span>相应兴起,不论在养生理论上,还是实践上,都有很大的发展。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">儒家养生,注重“德仁修养”</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">孔子是儒家思想的<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">名人</span>,有我国养生大师之<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,他的理论为养生学说奠定了<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。孔子有云“君子有三戒,少之时,血气未定,戒之在色;及其壮<span style="color: black;">亦</span>,血气方刚,戒之在斗;及其老<span style="color: black;">亦</span>,血气既衰,戒之在得”。<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的三戒,即是<span style="color: black;">按照</span>人的年龄<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,生理特点不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,而提出的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>养生<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/79055368ab81423188baced600b0d609~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1726243270&x-signature=4ovTqlEiQXV9WIKEtrvn8rpb5NY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">除三戒外,孔子还提出了“仁者寿”的养生理论,如他在《中庸》中提出“修身以道,修道以仁”,“大德必得其寿”,意思是<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>具备高尚道德修养的人,才可<span style="color: black;">得到</span>高寿。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">孔子还提出:“食不厌精,脍不厌细,食饐而餲,鱼馁而肉败不食。色恶不食,臭恶不食,失饪不食,不时不食。”从而<span style="color: black;">知道</span>了食品要精细,烹调要得当,进餐要<span style="color: black;">按时</span>,以及变色、变味、<span style="color: black;">败北</span>变质的食品都不宜食。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,儒家另一位<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">名人</span>孟子曾提出“养心莫善于寡欲”,是说人不可<span style="color: black;">无</span>欲望,但只能在社会许可的<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下实现欲望,不可过分的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。强调了清心寡欲、精神调摄的重要性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>孟子如此,荀子<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是,《荀子。正名》曰:“欲不待可得而求者,从所可。”意思是,欲是人生固有的,既不可贪得无厌地纵情任性,又不可去、止,要“从所可”,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>,适当满足欲望。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">道家养生,主张“虚之道”</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">道家所主张的“道”,<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>天地万物的本质及其自然循环的规律,自然界万物<span style="color: black;">处在</span>经常的运动变化之中,道即是其基本法则。《道德经》说:“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然。”<span style="color: black;">便是</span>关于道的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>阐述。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/866bdfd140764fbab7804d3183529e3c~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1726243270&x-signature=AhX%2BYyr0SWvLI0VgCQLgZR7GnsA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“虚”为道家养生之<span style="color: black;">第1</span>大要,老子言“虚其心”,庄子言“虚无”,宋子言“虚其欲”。虚<span style="color: black;">为么</span>如此重要呢?宋子曰:“虚者,万物之始<span style="color: black;">亦</span>,故虚<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为天下始。”又曰:“虚而无<span style="color: black;">所说</span>之道。”“道生<span style="color: black;">1、</span><span style="color: black;">一辈子</span><span style="color: black;">2、</span>二生<span style="color: black;">3、</span>三生万物。”可见虚即道,道即自然。自然能化育万物,虚为万物之始,始者,物之初<span style="color: black;">亦</span>。生之本,本乎自然,善养生者,当从虚中悟出生的道理来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,道家一派,一方面崇尚自然,提倡<span style="color: black;">所说</span>“返璞归真”、“清静无为”的处世哲学,一方面又提倡养生,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>能够“长生久视”、“寿敝天地”。所有这些思想,促进了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>对生命<span style="color: black;">源自</span>的探索和卫生保健的探究。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">先秦杂家养生,强调“动”字</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《吕氏春秋》是先秦杂家学派的<span style="color: black;">表率</span>作。其中云:“天生阴阳寒暑燥湿,四时之化,万物之变,莫不为利,莫不为害。圣人察阴阳之宜,辨万物之利,以便生,故精神安乎形而年寿得长焉。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">何为害?五味太过,五者充形则生害,此其一,乃<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>为害;七情太胜,过胜则伤神,乃情志为害,此其二;六淫太过,太过则伤精,乃六淫为害,此其三。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a5a4ca4825324530b47e767b78fffe0e~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1726243270&x-signature=UFkC9PkRxF96Xz5eipD2q%2Baoq40%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">知其三害而避之,使之无过。自然神安而形壮,年寿很长。”<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还有“动形以达郁”,即认为人之精气血脉以通利流畅为贵,若郁而不畅达,则百病由之而生,如《吕氏春秋》云:“流水不腐,户枢不蠹,动<span style="color: black;">亦</span>,形气<span style="color: black;">也</span>然,形不动则精不流,精不流则气郁。”从而<span style="color: black;">知道</span>指出“动”<span style="color: black;">针对</span>健康的重要性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">管子养生,认为“精存自生”</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">管子认为“精”是生命的物质<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,故主张存精以养生,如他所说:“精<span style="color: black;">亦</span>者,气之精者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>”:“凡人之生<span style="color: black;">亦</span>,天出其精,地出其形,合此以为人”:“精存自生,其外安荣,内脏以为泉源”。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,他又提出存精的<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,其曰:“爱欲静之,遇乱正之,勿引勿摧,福将自归。”此即为节欲存精。</span></p>
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