u1jodi1q 发表于 2024-6-22 02:39:15

TIL实体瘤细胞疗法走向临床,突破性癌症治疗


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">引言</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">实体瘤细胞疗法,一个在癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>内<span style="color: black;">导致</span>广泛关注的概念,其历史<span style="color: black;">能够</span>追溯到几十年前。最初,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们仅能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>传统的手段,如手术、放疗和化疗来对抗癌症。然而,随着科学技术的<span style="color: black;">持续</span>进步,人们<span style="color: black;">起始</span>探索更为<span style="color: black;">精细</span>和个性化的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是针对<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>难以<span style="color: black;">经过</span>传统方式治疗的实体瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">实体瘤与血液肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>区别在于,实体瘤<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>固体组织中的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>细胞增生形成的肿块,如乳腺癌、肺癌等,而血液肿瘤则<span style="color: black;">触及</span>血液和骨髓中的癌细胞,如白血病</strong>。<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,血液肿瘤因其在血液中的流动性质而更易于<span style="color: black;">经过</span>免疫细胞进行治疗。相比之下,<strong style="color: blue;">实体瘤的治疗因其<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的微环境和免疫逃避机制而面临更大的挑战</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着免疫疗法的发展,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes)技术的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,实体瘤治疗迎来了新的曙光。这种疗法<strong style="color: blue;">利用<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统来识别和攻击癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>渗透到肿瘤中的特定免疫细胞</strong>。经过数十年的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">最终</span>在近年来<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了美国食品和<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局(FDA)的<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,标志着实体瘤细胞疗法的重大突破。(3月11日<strong style="color: blue;">Nature</strong> “<strong style="color: blue;">First cell therapy for solid tumours heads to the clinic: what it means for cancer treatment</strong>”)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240316/3109534f702346efb93984da247056ef.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">突破性疗法:肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)的概念最早由Steven Rosenberg教授及其团队在20世纪80年代提出。Rosenberg教授是一位在癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>内享有盛誉的<span style="color: black;">专家</span>,他认为,<strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤微环境中的淋巴细胞,即TIL,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>针对癌细胞的自然识别和攻击能力。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>提取、扩增并重新注入这些细胞,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">极重</span>地<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的免疫反应,从而攻击并消灭肿瘤细胞。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL疗法的治疗机制基于对肿瘤微环境的深入理解以及免疫细胞的<span style="color: black;">精细</span>操控。在经<span style="color: black;">太多</span>年的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>和临床实验后,这一疗法已展现出对多种实体瘤,尤其是黑色素瘤等难治性癌症的<span style="color: black;">明显</span>疗效。Rosenberg教授和他的团队在TIL疗法的<span style="color: black;">研发</span>和应用中所作出的贡献,为成千上万的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来了新的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>和可能性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">从实体瘤中提取和培养TIL</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)疗法的核心在于利用<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统对抗癌症。此过程<span style="color: black;">触及</span>两个<span style="color: black;">重要</span><span style="color: black;">过程</span>:<span style="color: black;">首要</span>是从实体瘤中提取TIL,其次是在实验室中培养和扩增这些细胞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">手术移除肿瘤和实验室处理</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL的提取始于手术切除<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的肿瘤组织。这一<span style="color: black;">过程</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>高度的精确性和技术专长,以确保<span style="color: black;">得到</span>足够的肿瘤样本,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>减少对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的创伤。手术后,肿瘤组织被立即送至实验室进行处理。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在实验室中,实验人员<span style="color: black;">首要</span>对肿瘤样本进行细致的分解,分离出渗透在肿瘤中的淋巴细胞。这些细胞即为TIL,它们<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>直接识别并攻击癌细胞的能力。分离过程<span style="color: black;">必须</span>在<span style="color: black;">没</span>菌<span style="color: black;">前提</span>下进行,以防微生物污染,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>TIL的纯度和活性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL培养扩增的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>技术</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一旦成功分离,TIL就会被转移到特定的培养基中,<span style="color: black;">起始</span>扩增过程。这一过程可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">几周</span>时间,<span style="color: black;">时期</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>细心<span style="color: black;">调节</span>培养<span style="color: black;">前提</span>,如温度、气体<span style="color: black;">构成</span>和培养基营养物质,以优化TIL的增长和活性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">扩增的TIL经过严格的质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>测试,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>它们的安全性和有效性。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>测试的细胞才会被用于后续的治疗过程。这一<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的成功<span style="color: black;">重要</span>在于实验人员的专业知识和经验,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>精确<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>培养<span style="color: black;">前提</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>对TIL的生长状态进行仔细监测。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL治疗流程</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL治疗是一种革命性的癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,其流程涵盖了化疗和IL-2处理,以及将扩增的TIL再输注回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">化疗和IL-2处理的<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在TIL细胞被重新注入<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>之前,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>接受一段时间的化疗。这一<span style="color: black;">过程</span>的目的是为了清除<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的部分免疫细胞,为TIL细胞<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的生长空间。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,化疗还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>减少肿瘤的体积,从而<span style="color: black;">增多</span>TIL疗法的有效性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随后,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>将接受IL-2(白细胞介素2)的治疗。<strong style="color: blue;">IL-2是一种<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的免疫调节因子,能够促进TIL细胞的生长和活性</strong>。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>IL-2处理,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">加强</span>TIL细胞对癌细胞的攻击力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL再输注回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL细胞在实验室中扩增至数十亿个之后,会<span style="color: black;">经过</span>静脉输注的方式返回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>。这一过程<span style="color: black;">必须</span>在严格<span style="color: black;">没</span>菌的<span style="color: black;">前提</span>下进行,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>细胞的纯净度和活性。输注过程中,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生命体征和健康状态会被密切监控,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>治疗的安全性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL细胞输注回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>后,这些经过特殊培养和扩增的免疫细胞将<span style="color: black;">起始</span>寻找并攻击癌细胞。理想<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,TIL细胞能够有效识别并消灭肿瘤细胞,从而达到治疗癌症的目的。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>在医院中留院观察一段时间,以便<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>监控治疗效果和可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法的临床应用</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>晚期黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">道理</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">针对</span>晚期黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,是一个<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>革命性<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。随着lifileucel疗法<span style="color: black;">得到</span>美国食品<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监督管理局(FDA)的<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,这一疗法为晚期黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了新的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">lifileucel疗法的FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>和应用范围</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">lifileucel疗法是基于TIL技术的先锋<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,它的FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>标志着TIL疗法在临床应用中迈出了<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>一步</strong>。这种<span style="color: black;">准许</span>不仅证明了lifileucel疗法的安全性和有效性,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>为其在癌症治疗中的广泛应用奠定了<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>的细节,<strong style="color: blue;">lifileucel疗法<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对<span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>接受过其他治疗但疗效<span style="color: black;">不良</span>的晚期黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span></strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>末线治疗的效果和<span style="color: black;">潜能</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>许多晚期黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>而言,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能<span style="color: black;">已然</span>尝试了多种治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>但不限于手术切除、放疗、化疗以及其他免疫疗法。然而,这些传统治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>难以彻底根除肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">或</span>治疗效果不是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>的。在这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,lifileucel疗法<span style="color: black;">做为</span>末线治疗手段,展现了巨大的治疗<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在Iovance进行的测试lifileucel结果中,153名黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">有31%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤缩小</strong>。而在丹麦的另一项<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中,<strong style="color: blue;">接受TIL治疗的20%的人实现了完全缓解,与接受不同<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗的7%相比,效果<span style="color: black;">明显</span></strong>。这些成果<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">做为</span>黑色素瘤的治疗手段<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的临床价值和前景,尤其是在其他治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>效的晚期黑色素瘤治疗中。更为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>TIL疗法的高度个性化,它<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>每位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤的特性定制治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,从而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗的<span style="color: black;">精细</span>度和效果。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">扩展应用:对其他实体瘤的治疗前景</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着TIL疗法在黑色素瘤治疗中取得<span style="color: black;">明显</span>成果,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">起始</span>探索其在其他类型实体瘤治疗中的应用<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肺癌和胰腺癌这两种高死亡率的癌症,TIL疗法的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>给予了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>新的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,针对肺癌和胰腺癌的TIL疗法临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>逐步<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。这些<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中在<span style="color: black;">评定</span>TIL细胞针对这些肿瘤的识别和杀伤能力,以及确定最有效的TIL提取、扩增和再输注技术。初步结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,TIL疗法能够在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上缩小肿瘤体积,<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率和生活质量。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌和胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">因为</span>其<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的肿瘤微环境和高度的免疫逃逸机制,使得传统治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>效果有限。TIL疗法的个性化治疗策略,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>直接利用<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫系统攻击癌细胞,为克服这些<span style="color: black;">困难</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了新的思路。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法对肺癌和胰腺癌治疗的可能性</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>死亡率最高的癌症之一,而胰腺癌则以其难以<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断和治疗困难而著名。TIL疗法在这两种癌症治疗中的应用,尽管还<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>和<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,但已展现出<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,TIL疗法能够针对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的特定突变进行攻击。而在胰腺癌治疗中,TIL疗法的应用则<span style="color: black;">重点</span>集中在<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>免疫应答,对抗肿瘤的侵袭和转移。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,肺癌和胰腺癌的TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>关注于治疗效果,更<span style="color: black;">注意</span>治疗过程中<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生活质量改善。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>减轻传统治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>中的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,TIL疗法为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一种更为温和、可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法的效果和挑战</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Iovance的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>数据</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Iovance Biotherapeutics对其TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">制品</span>lifileucel进行了一系列的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是针对晚期黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。这些<span style="color: black;">实验</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,lifileucel疗法能够<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>晚期黑色素瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率和生活质量。在某些案例中,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>观察到了肿瘤完全消退的现象。这些成果标志着TIL疗法在癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>突破。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">对比其他治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的<span style="color: black;">优良</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相比于传统的癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,如化疗、放疗或是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>广泛<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂治疗,TIL疗法展现出了独特的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,TIL疗法是高度个性化的治疗,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫细胞,针对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>特定的肿瘤进行治疗,减少了治疗不适应的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。其次,TIL疗法在攻击肿瘤细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,对正常细胞的<span style="color: black;">损害</span>相对较小,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>和不良反应较传统治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有所减轻。最后,TIL疗法为<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>对其他治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>效的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了新的治疗机会。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管TIL疗法在治疗某些类型的癌症,尤其是黑色素瘤方面<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的疗效,但它在临床应用中仍面临着挑战。例如,<strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法的生产过程<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>、成本<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>高度专业化的实验室<span style="color: black;">设备</span>和技术人员。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>不同类型的癌症,TIL疗法的有效性仍<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>来验证。</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">化疗和IL-2处理的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>癌症治疗中的常规<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,其副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>众所周知,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>但不限于恶心、呕吐、脱发和白细胞减少等。而IL-2处理,尽管在激活和扩增TIL方面起着至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,但<span style="color: black;">一样</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>一系列副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,如发热、寒战、疲劳和血压下降等。这些副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,一方面可能影响<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗体验和生活质量,另一方面<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>医疗团队进行密切监控和<span style="color: black;">即时</span>管理。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法特有的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和对策</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了化疗和IL-2处理的常规副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>外,TIL疗法本身<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能带来<span style="color: black;">有些</span>特有的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。例如,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">触及</span>将<span style="color: black;">海量</span>活化的淋巴细胞输注回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>,这<strong style="color: blue;">可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>免疫系统过度激活,从而<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>细胞因子释放<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>(CRS)等免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span></strong>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,TIL的高度个性化特性虽然<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了治疗的针对性,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<strong style="color: blue;">每位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的反应可能不同,这给副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的预测和管理带来了挑战</strong>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">面对这些副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>和<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,医疗团队<span style="color: black;">必须</span>制定周密的管理对策。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行全面<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>在身体<span style="color: black;">前提</span>上适合接受TIL疗法。其次,治疗过程中<span style="color: black;">必须</span>密切监测<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生理反应,一旦<span style="color: black;">显现</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,立即采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>,如<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>症状或<span style="color: black;">调节</span>治疗计划。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行充分的教育,让<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>及其应对<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是管理过程中不可或缺的一环。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法的监管和成本</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在TIL疗法这一创新医疗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的<span style="color: black;">研发</span>与应用过程中,面临的一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>挑战是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在<span style="color: black;">保证</span>安全和有效性的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>美国食品和<span style="color: black;">药物</span>监督管理局(FDA)的严格监管。FDA的监管框架为个体化医疗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的<span style="color: black;">准许</span>设定了高标准,旨在<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>安全,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>促进医疗创新。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">个体化医疗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的监管挑战</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>TIL疗法高度个性化,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>疗程都是<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的肿瘤样本定制的,这使得<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>都独一<span style="color: black;">没</span>二。这种高度的个性化为FDA的监管带来了前所未有的挑战。FDA<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>这种治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>在安全性、有效性以及生产过程的一致性方面均达到标准。这<span style="color: black;">需求</span>制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>在生产过程中采取严格的质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,并且能够证明其治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的有效性和可重复性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Iovance生产流程的<span style="color: black;">准许</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Iovance Biotherapeutics<span style="color: black;">做为</span>TIL疗法的先驱,其在<span style="color: black;">得到</span>FDA<span style="color: black;">准许</span>方面取得了<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>。<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的生产流程得到了FDA的认可,这标志着其TIL治疗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>—lifileucel—的安全性和有效性符合监管<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。这一<span style="color: black;">准许</span>不仅是对Iovance在TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">开发</span>上取得成就的认可,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>为其他采用类似技术的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>开辟了道路。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Iovance的成功案例展示了<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在<span style="color: black;">保准</span>治疗个性化的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>严格的生产和质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>流程来满足FDA的监管<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。这<span style="color: black;">针对</span>其他正在<span style="color: black;">研发</span>个体化医疗<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了宝贵的经验和参考。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">治疗成本和可及性</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在讨论TIL疗法的效果和<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不得不面对一个现实问题:成本。随着lifileucel疗法等TIL疗法的发展,其治疗成本及对普通<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的可及性<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的讨论点。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">lifileucel疗法<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种新兴的癌症治疗方式,其<span style="color: black;">开发</span>和生产成本相对较高。这直接影响了治疗的定价。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>公开资料,lifileucel疗法的价格可能会非常昂贵,对许多<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家庭<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,这是一个沉重的<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>的成本不仅限制了<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>此类治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>了医疗系统在推广此类疗法时<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">降低成本和<span style="color: black;">加强</span>可及性的策略</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">面对<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员和制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>正在探索多种方式来降低成本和<span style="color: black;">加强</span>TIL疗法的可及性。以下是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>正在<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>或实施中的策略:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">优化生产流程:</strong><span style="color: black;">经过</span>改进TIL细胞的提取、培养和扩增过程,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生产效率,从而降低生产成本。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">扩大生产规模:</strong>随着技术的成熟和市场的扩大,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>规模经济降低单位治疗成本。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">合作与<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>:</strong>与政府、非营利组织以及医疗保险<span style="color: black;">机构</span>合作,为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>资金支持,减轻<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>替代治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>:</strong>探索成本更低的TIL疗法变体或其他免疫疗法,为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,政策制定者和医疗保健<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>医疗保险等手段,将TIL疗法纳入报销范围,进一步<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的可及性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新技术和改进策略</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着科技的进步和医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的深入,TIL疗法正<span style="color: black;">处在</span>快速发展之中。<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和技术改进,将进一步<span style="color: black;">提高</span>TIL疗法的治疗效果,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在基因工程和<span style="color: black;">加强</span>TIL渗透及杀伤能力方面的应用。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">基因工程TIL的<span style="color: black;">开发</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基因工程技术的应用,为TIL疗法的发展打开了新的可能性。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>基因编辑,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对TIL细胞进行定向改造,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>其识别和攻击癌细胞的能力。例如,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>引入特定的受体或<span style="color: black;">加强</span>细胞的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>能力,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使TIL细胞在肿瘤微环境中<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>更强的活性和持久性</strong>。这一策略不仅能够<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疗效,还有助于减少副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,使治疗更加安全、有效。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">加强</span>TIL渗透和杀伤能力</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了基因工程之外,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员还在探索其他<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来<span style="color: black;">加强</span>TIL细胞的渗透性和杀伤力。这<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;">优化TIL的培养和扩增技术,以<span style="color: black;">得到</span>更高质量的治疗用细胞,以及<span style="color: black;">开发</span>新的联合治疗策略,如与免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂或其他免疫疗法结合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,以克服肿瘤的免疫逃逸机制</strong>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">对TIL疗法的递送系统进行改进</strong>,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>治疗细胞能够更有效地到达肿瘤组织,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">提高</span>治疗效果的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着这些新技术和改进策略的实施,TIL疗法的应用范围将得到进一步扩大,治疗效果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将得到<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>。<span style="color: black;">将来</span>,TIL疗法有望<span style="color: black;">作为</span>对抗各类实体瘤的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>武器,为<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">扩大适用范围和影响</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着TIL疗法在临床应用中取得<span style="color: black;">明显</span>成效,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在晚期黑色素瘤治疗方面,其在<span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的角色日益凸显。<span style="color: black;">将来</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>和临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,TIL疗法有望扩大其在癌症治疗中的适用范围,为<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>类型的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>新的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,针对不同类型的实体瘤开展的TIL疗法临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>正在<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。这些<span style="color: black;">科研</span>涵盖了<span style="color: black;">包含</span>但不限于肺癌、胰腺癌、肾癌和肝癌等多种肿瘤类型,旨在探索TIL疗法在广泛肿瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>内的有效性和安全性。随着临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>数据的<span style="color: black;">累积</span>,TIL疗法的适用范围预计将进一步扩大,为不同肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>个性化和<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法在<span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗中的角色</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗是一种<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的遗传信息、生活方式和环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>来定制治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的医疗模式。TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的提取、扩增和重新输注,实现了对肿瘤的高度个性化治疗。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,随着基因测序技术的发展,<span style="color: black;">研究</span>人员<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更准确地识别肿瘤特异性抗原,进一步<span style="color: black;">加强</span>TIL疗法的<span style="color: black;">精细</span>度和效果。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>,随着基因工程技术和细胞工程技术的进步,结合TIL疗法的新策略和新<span style="color: black;">办法</span>将<span style="color: black;">持续</span>涌现,使得TIL疗法在<span style="color: black;">精细</span>医疗中的应用更加广泛和深入。这不仅能够为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>更加有效的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,还将推动癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>向着更加个性化、<span style="color: black;">精细</span>化的方向发展。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Q&amp;A</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240316/0f6ae0ef96a24359ae1f446b1a4dac71.gif" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法适用于<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">重点</span>适用于<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>标准治疗<span style="color: black;">没</span>效的晚期实体瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,尤其是<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>对传统化疗和放疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有限反应的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。当前,TIL疗法在黑色素瘤的治疗中取得了<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>正在扩展到其他类型的实体瘤治疗中,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>但不限于肺癌、肾癌和某些类型的乳腺癌。随着<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的深入,TIL疗法的适用范围预期将进一步扩大。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>和潜在<span style="color: black;">危害</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">优良</span>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-高度个性化:TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫细胞,针对个体的肿瘤进行治疗,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高度的个性化和针对性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-强大的肿瘤杀伤能力:TIL细胞能够直接识别和攻击肿瘤细胞,展现出强大的肿瘤杀伤能力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-持久的治疗效果:相比于传统治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,TIL疗法有可能带来更持久的治疗效果,为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">潜在<span style="color: black;">危害</span>:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>:化疗和IL-2处理可能会带来一系列副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,如发热、疲劳、皮肤反应等。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件:TIL疗法可能<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>免疫系统过度活跃,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>免疫<span style="color: black;">关联</span>不良事件。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-治疗成本高:<span style="color: black;">因为</span>TIL疗法的高度个性化和<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的制备过程,其治疗成本相对较高。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>判断<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>适合接受TIL疗法?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">判断<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>适合接受TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">必须</span>综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>多方面<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的肿瘤类型和病情<span style="color: black;">发展</span>程度是决定性<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>,TIL疗法适用于<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>对传统治疗手段(如化疗和放疗)反应<span style="color: black;">不良</span>的晚期实体瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。其次,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的整体健康<span style="color: black;">情况</span>和<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有能力承受TIL疗法的潜在副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>被<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>。最后,医疗团队会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>肿瘤的生物标志物和其他<span style="color: black;">关联</span>指标,<span style="color: black;">评定</span>TIL疗法的预期效果。在做出决定前,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行充分的沟通,<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>治疗过程、潜在<span style="color: black;">危害</span>及预期效果。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">TIL疗法与CAR-T疗法有何不同?</strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TIL疗法与CAR-T疗法都是免疫细胞疗法的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分,但两者在治疗机制、应用范围和生产过程等方面存在<span style="color: black;">显著</span>差异。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-治疗机制:TIL疗法<span style="color: black;">经过</span>提取、培养和扩增<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤内的自然存在的淋巴细胞,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>将这些细胞输回<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>以攻击癌细胞。而CAR-T疗法则是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>遗传工程修改<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的T细胞,使其表达特定的嵌合抗原受体(CAR),这些受体能够特异性识别并杀死癌细胞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-应用范围:CAR-T疗法<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>应用于某些类型的血液癌症治疗,如急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)。TIL疗法则<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对实体瘤,尤其是<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>对传统治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>反应不佳的晚期实体瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-生产过程:CAR-T疗法的生产<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对T细胞进行遗传改造,这一过程技术<span style="color: black;">需求</span>高,成本较高。而TIL疗法虽然<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>细胞培养和扩增,但<span style="color: black;">日前</span>不<span style="color: black;">触及</span>遗传改造,技术流程相对简单。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考<span style="color: black;">源自</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00673-w</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Reardon S. First cell therapy for solid tumours heads to the clinic: what it means for cancer treatment. Nature. Published online March 11, 2024. doi:10.1038/d41586-024-00673-w<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>

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听听海 发表于 2024-9-6 08:29:04

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b1gc8v 发表于 2024-11-12 05:30:47

真情实感,其含义为认真了、走心了的意思,是如今的饭圈常用语。
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