进出口贸易流程详解专题十一:外贸合同签定——外贸合同订立注意事项篇
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1</span>、磋商事项均</span><span style="color: black;">应书面约定</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">交易双方在磋商过程中达成的一切技术性、商务性、法律性条款均应一一详尽地约定在合同<span style="color: black;">其中</span>。一份完整的外贸合同应<span style="color: black;">包含</span><strong style="color: blue;">交易主体(名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、联系方式等)、货物、数量、品质、验收、包装、运输、保险、价格、支付方式、违约及索赔、合同解除、不可抗力、语言文字、法律适用、争议<span style="color: black;">处理</span>等</strong>基本条款,每一个条款都<span style="color: black;">不该</span>当被<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>。为避免不必要的争议,应<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>合同订立的主动权,将国际货物交易的方方面面约定在合同<span style="color: black;">其中</span>。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2</span>、货物描述应当<span style="color: black;">仔细</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span></span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">外贸合同条款笼统<span style="color: black;">有害</span>于合同的履行。外贸<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的货物是最能<span style="color: black;">表现</span>缔约目的、合同性质的核心内容。对货物的描述务必要准确、简练、清晰、完整。<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要写明<strong style="color: blue;">货物的名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、品牌、计量单位、价格、检验</strong>等各类要素,切忌只写“购买沙子一车”之类的<span style="color: black;">模糊</span>描述。否则,极易<span style="color: black;">由于</span>约定不明产生纠纷。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3</span>、</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重视</span>条款表述的一致性</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">1</span>)<span style="color: black;">重视</span><strong style="color: blue;">中英文</strong>(或其他外文)条款意思表述一致。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我国企业参与的国际贸易<span style="color: black;">平常</span>采用中英文(或其他外文)版本,这就<span style="color: black;">需求</span>我国的进出口企业应当<span style="color: black;">同期</span>审查贸易合同的中文版本与英文(或其他外文)合同版本,并<span style="color: black;">重视</span>中英文翻译<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>完全一致且不会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>歧义。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,稳妥起见,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>外贸企业在<span style="color: black;">签定</span>贸易合<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>合同条款以中文版本为准,外文版本仅供参考。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">2</span>)<span style="color: black;">重视</span><strong style="color: blue;">合同条款与国际惯例</strong>的一致性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>价格条款<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">CIF</span>时,运费条款应当为<span style="color: black;">freight pre-paid</span>,而价格条款为<span style="color: black;">FOB</span>时,运费条款则应当为<span style="color: black;">freight collect</span>。再如约定<span style="color: black;">FOB</span>价格时,合同中<span style="color: black;">不该</span>当<span style="color: black;">需求</span>出口方购买保险,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>信用证出口方提交的单据中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应当删除保险单。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">3</span>)<span style="color: black;">重视</span>各<strong style="color: blue;">合同条款之间</strong>的一致性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">合同上下文条款应当一致,<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>冲突<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>相互矛盾。如成交<span style="color: black;">要求</span>与交货港口要一致、合同总数量与分批装运的数量要一致、交货期与信用证开到日期要一致等。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4</span>、<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>分担交易双方责任</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">国际贸易应遵循诚实信用、等价有偿、买卖公平的基本法则,在起草或审核合<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">不该</span>只片面强调一方当事人的权利而忽略其义务或片面强调一方当事人的义务而忽略其权利。如我国进出口企业在国际贸易中<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>合同订立的主动权,而由海外交易对象<span style="color: black;">供给</span>合同文本,要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>双方责任分担的<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>性,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>“格式条款”<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>“霸王条款”</strong>,如存在对己方严重显失公平的条款,则应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>与交易相对方沟通,做到不轻易让渡己方的权利,避免陷入被动境地。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5</span>、设置<span style="color: black;">保证</span>交易安全条款</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在起草或审核国际贸易合<span style="color: black;">同期</span>应<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>能够<span style="color: black;">保证</span>交易顺利实现的条款内容。如<span style="color: black;">针对</span>进口方应<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>交货条款及出口方逾期交货的<strong style="color: blue;">违约责任条款</strong>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">相关</span>合同的签订地、履行地(如交货地点等)、标的物所在地等条款<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>约定<span style="color: black;">亦</span>直接关系到交易的能否顺利实现或交易的安全,应当争取对己方有利的约定。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">6</span>、涵盖合同履行<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span></span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在磋商和订立外贸合<span style="color: black;">同期</span>就应当<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>合同履行时会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>,并作出相应条款上的安排。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,什么样的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">能够</span>变更或解除合同以及解除合同的后果,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>情形属于不可抗力以及<span style="color: black;">出现</span>不可抗力事件<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>免责,交易对方<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span>违约以及相应的违约责任等等。</span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">7</span>、<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>设置</span><span style="color: black;">争议<span style="color: black;">处理</span>条款</span></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">相较于国内纠纷,国际贸易纠纷一旦<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,维权成本较高、难度<span style="color: black;">很强</span>。在合同<span style="color: black;">签定</span>时即应<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>应对可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的纠纷。例如:关于<strong style="color: blue;">法律适用</strong>,优先己方所在国法律,其次适用第三国法律、国际条约公约等<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>中立性质的法律及国际惯例,如《<span style="color: black;">2020</span>年国际贸易术语解释通则》(<span style="color: black;">Incoterms 2020</span>)、《跟单信用证统一惯例》(<span style="color: black;">UCP600</span>),最后才<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>约定适用交易对方所在国法律。<strong style="color: blue;">争议管辖<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的约定</strong>同理。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/HtKcv0WO7jkib43yF4TkAHHmfBprnzM3Ssak7kYZkcVFJE6I5j68JUnjibJ3uxXYoRmnibBUCk4ibGkxuvvz28auPA/640?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">团队简介</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">李卫国律师团队由多名建设工程专业律师<span style="color: black;">构成</span>,有着丰富的建设工程实践经验。团队律师专注于建设工程法律问题的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>与探索,服务<span style="color: black;">行业</span>涵盖建设工程全过程,<span style="color: black;">善于</span>建设工程、企业法律顾问、民商事诉讼等方面的法律事务。凭借扎实的专业知识、卓越的法律服务技能,团队律师为客户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>专业、<span style="color: black;">有效</span>而<span style="color: black;">优秀</span>的法律服务,尤其善于对<span style="color: black;">相关</span>工程结算、变更索赔、工期争议和质量纠纷的处理。</strong></span></span></strong></span></strong></p><strong style="color: blue;">扫码关注<span style="color: black;">咱们</span></strong><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/vtCkONqibWZLHZypocMGENptTSSwOHcjRCYDXeakY6yXfQVlbGlwYZWb9m2J0SFeVtiaJpnoH6XqwVCMBPOdibnDw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/k2ibTQHFn9Y2VMYl9zxRLZVyH3RjNU1ibXt8x5uoiaKj1D2FfCWoDC1upmGHuOPQZFdDne4F6Hxv3NRB6hG6MYL7Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/k2ibTQHFn9Y2VMYl9zxRLZVyH3RjNU1ibXMVffHoibT16AMfLypbhPticGrVLVM6gIW9elg2OESD7VMbnWDgTF7u4Q/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">团队:北京德和衡(天津)律师事务所</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">李卫国律师团队(18522676589)</span></p>
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