甲状腺癌手术后能恢复到跟正一般人同样吗，听说甲状腺癌治疗后不影响寿命，是真的吗？
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>甲状腺癌术后<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>治疗甲状腺癌的首选仍然是手术，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>甲状腺癌手术后还能活多久呢？<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的疑问。据专家介绍，绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>甲状腺癌恶性程度低，生长缓慢。<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下与肿瘤共存数年。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>大多去医院是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>不小心<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">颈部肿块</a></span>或颈部淋巴结肿大。部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术前诊断为<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">甲状腺良</a>性肿瘤</span>，手术切除后，经病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>确诊为甲状腺癌。甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结转移60%以上，远处<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">血行转移</a></span>10%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>放疗或化疗对大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>甲状腺癌的效果并不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，手术仍是甲状腺癌的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。甲状腺癌术后复发或转移<span style="color: black;">显著</span>与手术切除范围<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。据统计，单纯肿瘤切除后的复发率为40% ~ 60%，肿瘤及其受累甲状腺叶切除后的复发率为20% ~ 30%，联合<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">根治性颈部手术</a></span>后的复发率为10% ~ 20%。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，甲状腺癌的恶性程度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>决定了复发率，即恶性程度越高，术后复发或远处转移的可能性越大。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，复发和转移<span style="color: black;">亦</span>与<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的正确性密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>手术<span style="color: black;">方法</span>制定和<span style="color: black;">选取</span>得当，10年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">通常</span>在90%以上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，甲状腺癌的术后寿命在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上与<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的身体机能<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在手术或<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>放化疗后，身体受到了很大的<span style="color: black;">损害</span>，免疫力低下。此时<span style="color: black;">身体</span>残留和<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>的肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>容易死灰复燃，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>复发和转移。<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>单糖人参皂苷rh2，减少化疗的毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>机体免疫力，防止癌症的复发和转移，从而达到治疗肿瘤的目的。这些是化疗的原则。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>，手术中<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>护理呢？以下是<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的介绍：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>甲状腺手术的护理【术前准备】</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、<span style="color: black;">根据</span>手术<span style="color: black;">通常</span>术前护理常规进行。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">甲亢</a></span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>应准备</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)口服复方碘溶液，从5滴<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，每日递增1滴至15滴，每日3次；<span style="color: black;">或</span>10滴，一天3次，<span style="color: black;">连续</span>2周。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)口服<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">心得安</a></span>(普萘洛尔)10-20 mg，一日三次，脉博<span style="color: black;">少于</span>60次//min，停服一次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<span style="color: black;">测绘</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>代谢率，<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在正常范围。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)<span style="color: black;">守护</span>突眼，<span style="color: black;">白日</span>戴墨镜，睡觉涂眼膏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)高热量、高维生素<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)术前用药禁用<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">阿托品</a></span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.让<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>术中体位，<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>做<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">颈部固定练习</a></span>，以满足术后<span style="color: black;">必须</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.准备气管切开袋、小沙袋和<span style="color: black;">没</span>菌手套。吸氧器。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【术后护理】</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>手术的术后护理常规。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">颈丛<span style="color: black;">麻木</span></a></span>或全麻后半仰卧位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.密切观察血压、脉搏、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>、体温的变化，观察<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有声音嘶哑、呛咳、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难等症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.脖子两边放沙袋。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.手术当天禁食，术后第2天补液，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次喝开水，防止呛咳吸入肺部。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.甲亢手术后，继续<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>复方碘溶液7天，<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>15滴者<span style="color: black;">每日</span>减少1滴，直至停药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.双侧甲状腺次全或全切除术后<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>甲状腺素片，观察<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">甲状腺危象</a></span>迹象。8.观察有<span style="color: black;">没</span>手足抽搐、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">强直性抽搐</a></span>及面部、嘴唇、手掌、脚底<span style="color: black;">周边</span>肌肉麻木，<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>10%<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">葡萄糖酸钙</a></span>或11—20毫升氯化钙。轻度者口服钙剂，<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>磷含量高的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如牛奶、蛋黄、鱼等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【健康指南 】 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、练习<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">颈部练习</a></span>，防止极度挛缩。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、遵医嘱，口服<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">甲</a>状腺素片</span>，<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>复查血象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>声音嘶哑、音调低，出院后应继续进行<span style="color: black;">理学</span>治疗和针灸，以促进恢复。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>甲减的临床表现，门诊随访</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【手术并发症的预防与护理】</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、术后<span style="color: black;">流血</span>多<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在术后48小时内，是最<span style="color: black;">重要</span>的术后并发症。<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>止血不彻底、不完善或因结扎线脱落<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。术后咳嗽、呕吐、过频活动或谈话是<span style="color: black;">流血</span>的诱因。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①术中采用先结扎后缝扎，杜绝止血不彻底、不完善或结扎线脱落的现象。缝皮前将“甲状腺简易<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">负压引流</a></span><span style="color: black;">安装</span>”放于创腔的最低处，以利引流和准确记录。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②术后将血压稳定的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>置于半坐卧位，密切观察P、R、BP的变化，<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难和窒息。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③观察颈部<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span>扩大，<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">切口敷料</a></span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>正确的咳嗽<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，处理不同<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的呕吐，限制就诊，让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>尽可能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>手势或书写沟通，减少<span style="color: black;">流血</span>的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、甲状腺危象<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是术前准备不足，甲亢的症状<span style="color: black;">无</span>得到很好的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。本组1例<span style="color: black;">病人</span>因个人<span style="color: black;">原由</span>急着手术，术前短期服药，术后25小时<span style="color: black;">显现</span>危象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①术前稳定<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>，减少心理刺激，充分<span style="color: black;">认识</span>其心理<span style="color: black;">情况</span>，有针对性的解释、启发和安慰是预防甲状腺危象的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②术前常规给予<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">卢戈液</a></span>2周，心率较快者给予普萘洛尔，精神紧张者给予地西泮及部分对症治疗，使<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术前<span style="color: black;">基本</span>状态稳定在90次/分以下，<span style="color: black;">基本</span>代谢率<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在适当范围内，腺体萎缩变硬。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③术后48小时内，体温应<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>在38以下，以<span style="color: black;">理学</span>降温为主。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用温水浴或温酒精浴。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④当<span style="color: black;">显现</span>危象时，临床表现为高热(<span style="color: black;">达到</span>40 ~ 42)、脉搏快而弱(每分钟120次以上)、烦躁、出汗、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">谵妄</a></span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">晕倒</span>。这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下应立即进行<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">理学</span>降温</a></span>，或用100 ~ 300 ml冰水灌肠或冰水中加热的<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">保存</span>灌肠，吸氧、静脉输注葡萄糖溶液，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>严密监护，遵医嘱口服<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">复方碘化钾溶液</a></span>，紧急<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下可在500ml 10%葡萄糖溶液中加入5 ~ 100ml 10%碘化钠静脉滴注，氢化可的松200mg或<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">地塞米松</a></span>20mg加10%葡萄糖500 mg。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">喉返神经</a></span>和喉上神经<span style="color: black;">损害</span>是甲状腺手术的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>并发症。是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>操作<span style="color: black;">不小心</span>、牵拉或<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">血肿</a></span>压迫神经或直接挫伤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。本组1例甲状腺癌行<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">根治性手术</a></span>。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">很强</span>且粘连，分离时牵拉<span style="color: black;">导致</span>暂时性<span style="color: black;">损害</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>表现为声音嘶哑。经过针灸理疗和<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>促进神经恢复，三个月后他<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">恢复</span>。1例甲亢<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术中结扎甲状腺上极受伤，术后饮水时咳嗽误吸，经治疗后<span style="color: black;">自动</span>恢复。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①术中操作轻柔，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>保持腺体和后膜的完整，结扎上极血管时<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>靠近腺体，避免过度牵拉血管。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②术后正确<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的声音，睡醒后向<span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>简短，仔细<span style="color: black;">重视</span>他声音的变化，尽量避免说话<span style="color: black;">太多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③保持<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道通畅，观察<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>频率和节律，<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、窒息等。并在床边<span style="color: black;">安置</span>拆线袋、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">气割袋</a></span>、吸痰设备和急救<span style="color: black;">药物</span>以备急用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>时，尤其是喝水时，观察<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有呛咳、误吸等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。并<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>坐起来<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>或吃半流质固体<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，且<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>速度不宜过快。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、手足抽搐。<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">低钙血症性惊厥</a></span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>术中甲状旁腺意外切割或挫伤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。多<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于术后1 ~ 3天。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①仔细<span style="color: black;">检测</span>切除的腺体。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>甲状旁腺，立即移植到颈部肌肉层。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<span style="color: black;">定时</span>巡视，密切观察，<span style="color: black;">重视</span>面部、嘴唇、手脚<span style="color: black;">周边</span>有<span style="color: black;">没</span>针刺和麻木。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③适当<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>，限制磷含量高的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如牛奶、瘦肉、蛋黄、鱼等。给病人吃高钙低磷的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>绿叶蔬菜、豆制品和海鲜。症状较轻的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，口服钙片和VitD2，每周测一次血钙或<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">尿钙</a></span>，随时<span style="color: black;">调节</span>剂量。当抽搐<span style="color: black;">出现</span>时，应立即缓慢静脉注射10%葡萄糖酸钙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">单糖人参皂苷rh2</a></span>对免疫系统<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>国内外<span style="color: black;">许多</span>学者实验<span style="color: black;">科研</span>证实，含量16.2%的单糖人参皂苷rh2<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>免疫调节因子，促进白蛋白、<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">γ球蛋白</a></span>的合成，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>T细胞和巨噬细胞的功能，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还能<span style="color: black;">控制</span>正常淋巴细胞<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">染色体突变</a></span>，稳定免疫系统。</p>
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