账号下架、微X号改名后,仍有更隐蔽的“掘金者”!律师叫作盗版ChatGPT触碰五大法律害处
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每经记者:文巧 郑雨航 每经编辑:兰素英</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着ChatGPT<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">火热</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>的现象级应用,利用ChatGPT大肆掘金的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>层出不穷。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2月8日,《每日经济<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>》刊发了一篇调查<span style="color: black;">报告</span>——《卖账号、付费提问,抢注商标…各路人马“掘金”ChatGPT,有人“零成本”月入数十万》,<span style="color: black;">揭发</span>了国内“淘金者”依靠贩卖ChatGPT账号、将ChatGPT接入<span style="color: black;">微X</span>等手段赚取<span style="color: black;">巨额</span>利润。有淘宝商家依靠贩卖ChatGPT账号的模式月营收超过11.9万,最高则<span style="color: black;">达到</span>41.6万元。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2月9日,每经又刊发了《“掘金路”被堵!ChatGPT账号贩卖全线下架,盗版<span style="color: black;">微X</span>号纷纷更名》。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,记者<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>后<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>上仍有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>“漏网之鱼”,正以更隐蔽的方式继续着“掘金路”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些<span style="color: black;">行径</span>暗藏<span style="color: black;">那些</span>法律<span style="color: black;">危害</span>?每经记者采访到奋迅律师事务所(贝克·麦坚时联营律所)合伙人周整与安杰世泽律师事务所合伙人于雯竹,对此进行<span style="color: black;">仔细</span><span style="color: black;">诠释</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">更隐蔽的“掘金者”</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每经2月8日的调查<span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>,部分商家借助云服务器、<span style="color: black;">微X</span>小程序等搭建一个“ChatGPT镜像”平台,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>其为ChatGPT官方中文平台,以“付费提问”的方式牟利。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此前,因部分账号名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>涉嫌误导,被<span style="color: black;">微X</span>官方重置后,这些<span style="color: black;">本来</span><span style="color: black;">包括</span>“官方ChatGPT”等误导性名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>的公众号<span style="color: black;">已然</span>改名。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2月9日,记者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,有公众号<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>仍在接入ChatGPT并进行收费,并且非常隐蔽。一个名为“ChatGPT<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人”的小程序<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,提问20次定价9元。2月10日,当记者再次<span style="color: black;">查找</span>时,该界面<span style="color: black;">已然</span>删去收费标准。</p><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVT6pCwIQmaTKh~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724862516&x-signature=xoqWFS1pLchUqkYWubcNXNLynGs%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVT6pDaF0HRAUM~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724862516&x-signature=aRyGIJDOe7CoFs9T26O6t3wI06g%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:<span style="color: black;">微X</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这类小程序<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>得很深。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>搜索该小程序的名字,系统会匹配<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号“自动回复<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人”,但进入该公众号界面,并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>收费标准。记者添加了客服的<span style="color: black;">微X</span>,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>该客服的<span style="color: black;">微X</span>号<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,“爆单回复慢”。随后,记者以消费者身份追问<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的收费标准,该客服在询问“是个人<span style="color: black;">运用</span>吗”、“什么<span style="color: black;">需要</span>”之后,并未给出答复。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVT6pEIDW2mlhr~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724862516&x-signature=kPm7XNZY6%2FIcwkpgu%2FTIGuuRwNg%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVT6pEvvatshT~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724862516&x-signature=P7CarFJFw5MZ7VvNHp7hVJ6Tefk%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:<span style="color: black;">微X</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">之后,客服向记者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在该<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号上<span style="color: black;">运用</span>聊天<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人功能的视频,视频中<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,与此前<span style="color: black;">报告</span>中直接以聊天次数计费的方式<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,该公众号<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的收费方式为充值个人积分,更为隐蔽。记者后续又追问了关于平台搭建、版权<span style="color: black;">危害</span>等问题,但截至发稿时间,该客服并未再答复。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVT6pFd4Y7OsyC~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724862516&x-signature=20gW%2Bod4yc6X5BPC3hBmTdh4zTA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:<span style="color: black;">微X</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>搭建“ChatGPT镜像”平台的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,国内某互联网大厂的程序员在接受《每日经济<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>》记者采访时<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“这种模式简单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>,商家相当于自己租一个服务器,在服务器上挂载ChatGPT,再对外<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一个接口。用户每次向服务器发送<span style="color: black;">信息</span>后,服务器把这个<span style="color: black;">信息</span>转给ChatGPT,最后再把ChatGPT的回复转发给用户。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“我看了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>搭建教程,技术上很容易办到。”他说。“商家的成本可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个服务器。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>量过大,可能需要更大或<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的服务器。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一位尝试将ChatGPT接入<span style="color: black;">微X</span>端口的业内人士向记者透露,“我就花108元买了一年期的服务器,其他<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>别的什么需要花钱的(<span style="color: black;">地区</span>)。”</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">律师警告:或触碰五大法律<span style="color: black;">危害</span></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>商家前述贩卖ChatGPT账号和搭建“ChatGPT镜像平台”的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,<strong style="color: blue;">一是可能侵犯知识产权</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在安杰世泽律师事务所合伙人于雯竹看来,<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span>均违反了OpenAI的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>条款,商家未经授权<span style="color: black;">营销</span>ChatGPT账号的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>涉嫌侵犯OpenAI的知识产权,如著作权和商标权。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">二是可能侵犯用户的个人信息。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">奋迅律师事务所合伙人周整<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“贩卖账号的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>可能涉嫌侵犯个人信息,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>ChatGPT的账号需要与邮箱和手机<span style="color: black;">同期</span>绑定,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>商家就可能从<span style="color: black;">违法</span><span style="color: black;">途径</span>大批量购买他人账号进行注册。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,他<span style="color: black;">亦</span>认为中间转接的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>涉嫌违反《个人数据<span style="color: black;">守护</span>法》。“用户在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>ChatGPT时,可能会透露<span style="color: black;">有些</span>自己的个人信息,这些信息用户是自愿<span style="color: black;">供给</span>给ChatGPT的,但用户并不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>清楚商家<span style="color: black;">做为</span>中间环节<span style="color: black;">亦</span>接收到了该信息,这就造<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>个人信息的<span style="color: black;">泄密</span>。而商家<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">运用</span>这些个人信息,则可能<span style="color: black;">形成</span>违法处理个人信息,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span>侵犯<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>个人信息罪。”他向记者解释。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">于雯竹<span style="color: black;">亦</span>认同这个观点,“可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>数据的收集,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>个人信息和聊天记录。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这些商家<span style="color: black;">无</span>依法<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>收集的数据,则将面临相应的法律责任。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">三是可能侵害消费者权益。</strong>“将免费账号贩卖的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>其实是利用了商家与消费者的信息不对<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>消费者对<span style="color: black;">运用</span>该账号的法律<span style="color: black;">危害</span>并不知情,则商家就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>违反了《消费者权益<span style="color: black;">守护</span>法》所规定的商家的<span style="color: black;">通知</span>义务。”周整<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">四是可能<span style="color: black;">触及</span>不正当竞争。</strong>在周整看来,商家宣<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>自己是官方ChatGPT中文端口的虚假<span style="color: black;">描述</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span>虚假宣传的不正当竞争<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。再者,转接的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>还<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到可能<span style="color: black;">运用</span>ChatGPT<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的商标(假设在中国有注册),这种未经授权的<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>涉嫌侵犯Open AI的商标权或<span style="color: black;">形成</span>对Open AI的不正当竞争。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">五是可能违反网络安全规定。</strong>“<span style="color: black;">运用</span>ChatGPT需要<span style="color: black;">经过</span>国外网络注册账号,其中还需要<span style="color: black;">供给</span>国外手机号码或邮箱、注册流程需要挂VPN。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是商家<span style="color: black;">自动</span>注册,且其<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>正规流程备案VPN,则无疑违反了我国的网络安全规定。”周整解释道,“私自经营VPN<span style="color: black;">关联</span>业务涉嫌违法。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,在前述调查<span style="color: black;">报告</span>中,记者<span style="color: black;">查找</span>启信宝<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>已有10家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>提交了“ChatGPT”商标申请。于雯竹对此<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,“近年来我国打击商标恶意注册的力度日益增大,这些抢注商标很可能会被驳回。商标抢注人还可能面临行政处罚和民事赔偿责任。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">周整<span style="color: black;">亦</span>认为,国家知识产权局有可能会主动驳回国内<span style="color: black;">机构</span>抢注的商标申请,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在审查员对AI这个<span style="color: black;">行业</span>不关注,而<span style="color: black;">准许</span>这些商标注册的可能。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,商标注册时商品和服务分为45个类别,在与AI<span style="color: black;">相关</span>度不高的类别上,第三方仍有可能成功抢注商标。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“商标抢注<span style="color: black;">行径</span>可能涉嫌侵权,但权利人需要以提起民事诉讼的方式来请求法院认定抢注<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">形成</span>侵权,难度和成本都比较高,”周整说道。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">消费者维权难度高</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,当消费者在不知情的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>前述<span style="color: black;">途径</span>购买了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>服务后,应当<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>维权呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>账号贩卖<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,周整<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“参考我国司法实践中关于交易网络游戏账号的案例,法院认为在不违反格式条款法律规则和消费者权益<span style="color: black;">守护</span>制度的前提下,原则上应认定账号交易有效。但ChatGPT的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>协议不<span style="color: black;">准许</span>他人随意向他人<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>凭据和账户,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>买卖无效。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“假设账号买卖<span style="color: black;">行径</span>本身有效,而<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>商家贩卖虚假账号,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>虚假接入<span style="color: black;">途径</span>等,消费者<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>《消费者权益<span style="color: black;">守护</span>法》第二十条进行维权,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>司法途径主张退款赔偿等,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可尝试直接<span style="color: black;">需求</span>平台介入进行赔偿,”他<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,他认为,在前述<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,消费者的维权<span style="color: black;">非常</span>艰难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是,商家<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">途径</span>真实有效,但接入速度缓慢<span style="color: black;">或</span>连接效率低下,<span style="color: black;">没法</span>满足消费者的<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">需要</span>。商家出售了有瑕疵的商品,消费者<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>修理、更换、退款。”他解释道。“但鉴于消费是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>网络形式进行的,中国<span style="color: black;">有些</span>主流电商平台在<span style="color: black;">实质</span>争议处理中并不支持针对网络账号<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的七天无理由退款,且实践中,有法院认为消费者在网络购物过程中,应当认定其对可能存在的差别<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的容忍度和<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,但这种容忍和<span style="color: black;">准许</span>应在<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的范围内,且是基于普通消费者能够接受的程度。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,他还<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,商家<span style="color: black;">实质</span>的地点可能在天南海北,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>在境外,并且<span style="color: black;">通常</span>金额都不大,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>诉讼,成本过高,很难实现。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">彩蛋</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>前述问题,ChatGPT自己又怎么看?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>和ChatGPT聊了聊……</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVT6pvsGcMKSSG~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724862516&x-signature=8vEDyv7W%2BsBylHpRX0D3jXomRA4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-tjoges91tu/TVT6pwsC4AM75s~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1724862516&x-signature=x4vMIyEm2gr28JfLCzROioyQyyI%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:ChatGPT</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每日经济<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></p>
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