提单知识详解与总结｜外贸小百科Vol.12
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在国际贸易中，国际物流如同纽带，连接着买卖双方，<span style="color: black;">保证</span>货物安全抵达目的地。运用正确且<span style="color: black;">有效</span>的国际物流策略，就如同将货物的命运牢牢<span style="color: black;">把握</span>在手中，有效避免货财两空的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本期外贸百科让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>深入探讨三种主流的国际海运交付模式：正本提单、电放提单与海运单，以及它们各自的特点与适用场景。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240712/4d02939cc2634ecd93cf4ccc5c7addd4.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">主流的国际海运交付模式介绍</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">正本提单(Ocean Bill of Lading)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">定义：</strong>“电放”即电报放货，指托运人向船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>申请并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>担保，由船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>电传指示目的港代理，<span style="color: black;">准许</span>收货人凭“电放提单”传真件或身份证明直接提货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">流程：</strong>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>电子方式<span style="color: black;">通告</span>目的港代理放货，收货人无需正本提单<span style="color: black;">就可</span>提货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">优良</span>：</strong>加速通关，降低贸易<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，避免单据遗失。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">危害</span>点：</strong><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>货权问题，若采用先电放后付款，存在收货人拒付的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电放提单(Telex Released)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">定义：</strong>“电放”即电报放货，指托运人向船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>申请并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>担保，由船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>电传指示目的港代理，<span style="color: black;">准许</span>收货人凭“电放提单”传真件或身份证明直接提货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">流程：</strong>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>电子方式<span style="color: black;">通告</span>目的港代理放货，收货人无需正本提单<span style="color: black;">就可</span>提货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">优良</span>：</strong>加速通关，降低贸易<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，避免单据遗失。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">危害</span>点：</strong><span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>货权问题，若采用先电放后付款，存在收货人拒付的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">海运单(sea Waybill)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">定义：</strong>海运单，简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span> SWB，是一种不可转让的单据，证明了海上货物运输合同的存在以及承运人已接收或装载货物的事实。<span style="color: black;">区别</span>于提单，SWB 不<span style="color: black;">做为</span>物权凭证，<span style="color: black;">没法</span>转让。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">流程：</strong>收货人无需出示正本单据，仅凭身份证明或货到<span style="color: black;">通告</span><span style="color: black;">就可</span>提货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">优良</span>：</strong>出单<span style="color: black;">快速</span>，提货<span style="color: black;">方便</span>，降低了收货人的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">危害</span>考量：</strong>对承运人与发货人而言，<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>货物的能力减弱，SWB不具备物权属性，一旦签发，货权即脱离发货人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">应用场景与<span style="color: black;">选取</span>指南：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 收款后提货：适用于交易双方已结清款项的情景。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 集团采购：中国子<span style="color: black;">机构</span>可借此简化流程，<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>海外母<span style="color: black;">机构</span>采购商品。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">区别三种放货方式</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">正本提单与电放提单的差异</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">处理</span>“货等单”问题：</strong>电放提单避免了正本提单需经银行或快递转交的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>，尤其在近洋运输中，能够有效防止货物先于提单到达港口的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，减少额外<span style="color: black;">花费</span>如压港费和仓储费。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">流通与转让性：</strong>正本提单<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>流通和转让的特性，而电放提单不具备这一功能。一旦正本提单转为电放，其物权凭证属性失效，电放提单的功能与<span style="color: black;">运用</span>方式更接近海运单。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">海运单与正本提单的对比</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">结合<span style="color: black;">优良</span>：</strong>海运单兼具正本提单的正式性与电放提单的<span style="color: black;">方便</span>性，为买家<span style="color: black;">供给</span>即时提货的便利，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>简化手续，节约成本。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">免费申请：</strong>申请海运单无需额外<span style="color: black;">花费</span>，近年来在特定区域贸易中越来越受欢迎，因其简化流程且经济<span style="color: black;">有效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">安全性考量：</strong>海运单虽非物权凭证，但在提货时仅需证明提货人身份即为 CONSIGNEE，<span style="color: black;">就可</span>凭副本提货。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>收款后才签发海运单，以<span style="color: black;">增多</span>安全性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">海运单与电放提单的区分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">承运人责任：</strong>在错交货物的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，海运单下的承运人需承担法律责任；电放提单则不承担此责任，但承运人仍需尽职尽责。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">流通性差异：</strong>海运单在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下可视为准转让，但<span style="color: black;">不可</span>改变目的地；电放提单则<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不可转让。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>：</strong>电放提单在控货能力和<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>上优于海运单。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span>：</strong>电放提单适用范围广泛，而海运单多用于<span style="color: black;">相关</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>或代理关系中的发货人和收货人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">花费</span>差异：</strong>海运单只需支付常规单证费，电放提单则需额外支付电放费。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">注意事项</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">尽管海运单与电放提单存在<span style="color: black;">许多</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span>之处，例如：</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">功能<span style="color: black;">类似</span>：两者均<span style="color: black;">做为</span>承运人的货物收据和运输合同证明，旨在<span style="color: black;">处理</span>货等单的问题，<span style="color: black;">保证</span>收货人安全、<span style="color: black;">即时</span>提货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">抬头规定：<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>流通转让，故需<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>标明收货人信息。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提货凭证：提货时，收货人均需出示提货单而非海运单或电放提单本身。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">银行信用缺失：银行<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不接受这两种单据，可能影响采用L/C支付的卖方，除非买方<span style="color: black;">供给</span>担保或押金。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">加速流程：相较于正本提单，海运单与电放提单<span style="color: black;">明显</span>加快了单据流转速度，便于收货人快速提货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>，随着<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>贸易环境的变化与技术的进步，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>或许会看到<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>创新的物流<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>，进一步优化放货流程，<span style="color: black;">提高</span>交易的安全性与效率。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：www.fok120.com</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">责任编辑：</p>
外贸网站建设方法 http://www.fok120.com/ 你的话语如春风拂面，温暖了我的心房，真的很感谢。
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