癌症的“八大警告”和“十大症状”
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">癌症同其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>，在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>就或多或少有些身体的不适，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>就要到医院做仔细<span style="color: black;">检测</span>呢？世界卫生组织曾提出“八大警告” <span style="color: black;">做为</span>人们<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>癌瘤<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状的参考：①可触及的硬结或硬变，如乳房、皮肤、口腔粘膜<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的硬结；② 疣（赘瘤）或黑痣有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>变化；③<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性消化不正常；④<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性声音嘶哑、干咳及吞咽困难；⑤ <span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>不正常、大<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期外<span style="color: black;">流血</span>；⑥鼻、耳、膀胱或肠道不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>；⑦伤口久治不愈、肿胀不消；⑧<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明的体重减轻、消瘦。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 中国科学院又<span style="color: black;">按照</span>我国的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，提出“十大症状”，<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>人们对癌症的<span style="color: black;">重视</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 身体任何部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">如乳房肿块，尤其是40 岁以上<span style="color: black;">女性</span>应经常自己<span style="color: black;">检测</span>乳房，<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>乳房有<span style="color: black;">无</span>肿块、乳头有<span style="color: black;">无</span>血性液体流出，如有<span style="color: black;">反常</span>要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>到医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，以便及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>乳腺癌。还有颈部、腹部的肿块，尤其是<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">成长</span>的，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>，它们可能是某些癌的局部或远处转移的表现。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 经久不愈的溃疡</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 身体任何部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>经久不愈的溃疡：如舌头、颊粘膜、皮肤等处<span style="color: black;">无</span>外伤而<span style="color: black;">出现</span>糜烂、溃疡，并且总是不愈合，就应该及早看外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">女性</span>分泌物增多</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中年以上<span style="color: black;">女性</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>不正常的阴道流血和分泌物（俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>白带<span style="color: black;">增加</span>）：<span style="color: black;">女性</span><span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期<span style="color: black;">流血</span>是正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不是<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期而<span style="color: black;">显现</span>阴道流血和绝经期后又<span style="color: black;">显现</span>阴道流血则为不正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，应该<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>，到医院进行妇科<span style="color: black;">检测</span>弄清<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。阴道<span style="color: black;">反常</span>流血常是子宫颈癌的危险信号，多表现为阴道接触性<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，常因性交、排便、活动后<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量不多，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">自动</span>停止。阴道分泌物<span style="color: black;">增加</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除癌瘤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的继发性感染。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 胸骨后胀痛、异物感</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">摄食</span>时胸骨后胀痛、灼痛、异物感和<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>加重的吞咽困难：食管癌病人常常有这些症状。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 久治不愈的干咳</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">久治不愈的干咳或痰中带血：持久的干咳，痰中带血<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是声音嘶哑，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是肺癌的一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>信号。尤其是痰中带血常是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肿瘤破坏支气管壁小血管所<span style="color: black;">导致</span>，更要<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">长时间</span>消化不良</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>消化不良、进行性食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、消瘦，又<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>者：如原来有慢性胃炎、肠炎、胃溃疡的病人<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有消化不良、食欲<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>等症状。但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>消化不良又<span style="color: black;">显现</span>食欲<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的消瘦时要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span>有新<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>胃癌、肠癌、肝癌等消化道肿瘤，常常会有这些症状。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 大便习惯改变</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大便习惯改变或有便血：人的肠道功能对身体不适的反应是很<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的，肠道运动受<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>改变、体力活动及<span style="color: black;">心情</span>等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的影响。当身体、精神上的压力过大和<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>改变时，人的大便习惯可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变，这<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“功能性” 改变。但与功能性改变截然不同的是病理性改变，它<span style="color: black;">显示</span>存在着某种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。如结肠癌<span style="color: black;">常常</span>就有便秘与腹泻交替<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的表现，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还有便血；直肠癌就有大便形状改变，变细变扁。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 鼻塞、鼻衄、单侧头痛</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">鼻塞、鼻衄、单侧头痛或伴有复视：鼻塞、鼻衄（即鼻<span style="color: black;">流血</span>）常常是鼻咽癌的信号，鼻咽癌还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有耳鸣、耳后下方肿块。头痛、复视常是颅内肿瘤的危险信号，还会有呕吐，这种呕吐是与吃饭<span style="color: black;">没</span>关的。复视（即看东西成双影）既可是脑内肿瘤的表现，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可是眼睛肿瘤的表现。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大或有破溃、<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、黑痣上原来有的毛发脱落：<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你皮肤上<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>增大或颜色改变、奇痒难忍、有破溃<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、在其<span style="color: black;">周边</span>又长出了新痣、其上面的毛发脱落，都应该去医院皮肤科看<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>以防黑痣<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变，转变成黑色素瘤。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性血尿</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性血尿：这<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是肾癌、膀胱癌的危险信号。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/e6u8Up4CWspp4PBXvJ8ngFW9FDGx3QtxVWq0e10P1wK9JaWfbbF0qfVrsZ7NJQ9cbNGs0M2nNDlburCHWweUicQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">人民卫生出版社出版《癌症不可怕》 作者 左云 沈冬</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">拓展阅读</span></strong></span></p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">一家三口接连查出癌症，跟<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吃这个<span style="color: black;">相关</span>！</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 江苏扬州一家三口从去年下半年起，相继被查出癌症，收治<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的医院专家分析认为，病因与<span style="color: black;">整家</span>人<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吃剩菜剩饭和霉变<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/e7Jp2CicGtKBnOd8V6ZkXzevpZ2JH6TogdecKtSUPiccananoQzvPEo0tsJwvQKT38SCaotH2Rhmb9ibNdniciayc9w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络配图</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">社区：这家人常吃剩饭菜 劝<span style="color: black;">亦</span>没用</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年56岁的戴师傅家住扬州市广陵区文峰街道宝塔社区，去年刚从扬州柴油机厂病退回家，没想到紧接着一家三口都被查出患上了癌症。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">社区张顺惠<span style="color: black;">专家</span>告诉扬子晚报记者，戴师傅一家经济<span style="color: black;">前提</span>不太好，<span style="color: black;">整家</span>人省吃俭用，一点<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不敢“浪费”。去年下半年，戴师傅被诊断患上胃癌，随后去医院做了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的手术。没想到，今年年初，他80岁的母亲<span style="color: black;">亦</span>查出肠癌。就在上个月，57岁的妻子<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被确诊患了胃癌。一家人的不幸遭遇，让戴师傅愁眉紧锁。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为啥一家人相继查出癌症？<span style="color: black;">按照</span>张顺惠观察和邻居们反映，戴师傅家经常吃剩饭剩菜，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>吃霉变的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>和有点烂了的东西，从来不舍得扔掉<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，即使有的蔬果坏了，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会将坏的部分切掉后接着吃。不少邻居劝老戴不要<span style="color: black;">这般</span>，但节俭惯了的他答应归答应，还是我行我素。一家三口人都被查出癌症，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都认为和这个生活习惯有很大的关系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/PFGXKYYpDozH18fdiauE8wicxHYx43DZe9wqXUoHpqZdybiak8epdsR4LDlBicpMdbu1QhvRYy1J6H7Iia1v1rZ42icA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络配图</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>：常吃隔夜菜，癌变几率高<span style="color: black;">非常多</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">扬州苏北医院中医科潘璠医师认为，戴师傅一家三口相继患上消化道癌症，与家庭<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。从常识上讲，隔夜菜和霉变腐烂的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>里亚硝酸盐含量较高，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>食用，亚硝酸盐就会在身体里日积月累，<span style="color: black;">累积</span>到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度，就会诱发消化道癌症。生活中，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>过惯了节俭日子的老人<span style="color: black;">或</span>家庭经济<span style="color: black;">前提</span>不太好的人，不舍得扔掉倒掉坏掉的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，即使不太好<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要吃掉，长此以往，这部分人癌变的几率要比普通人高得多。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">潘璠医师说，有的人认为剩菜重烧一下，不就杀死细菌和病毒了吗？<span style="color: black;">并不</span>然，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这些饭菜中的有毒有害物质是耐高温的，即使烧得再开，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>从<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上<span style="color: black;">处理</span>问题。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 潘璠说，还有人认为，夏季温度高，<span style="color: black;">食品</span>容易变质，冬天应该没啥问题。这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是不对的，虽然气温低暂时不会<span style="color: black;">败北</span>变质，但亚硝酸盐含量仍会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">有些</span>高蛋白高脂肪的剩菜，<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>吃不得。空气中的有害细菌会在2个小时内附着在剩菜上<span style="color: black;">起始</span>繁殖，产生硫化氢、胺、酚等有害物质。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他还提出，如今<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人的癌症都是“吃”出来的。除了霉变<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、隔夜饭菜容易诱发癌症外，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">青年</span>人<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>吃煎炸、烧烤的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，尤其是路边摊的煎炸、烧烤<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，认为“味美价廉”，其实经常吃的话，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有致癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。他认为，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>都是可控的，良好的生活习惯<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将患癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>降到最低。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/PFGXKYYpDozKvwg1WyH42NAXKibQ6WEiayibXRcWAcm1xo3nY8YTvQdUQ2iajyqRe9ylIMCYPOLJU1RibHYKeFLT7cA/640?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络配图</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">实验：隔夜菜亚硝酸盐都超标</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为了测隔夜菜亚硝酸盐的含量，浙江大学实验小组请杭州一家知名中高档连锁餐厅的厨师烧了4个菜：炒青菜、韭菜炒蛋、红烧肉和红烧鲫鱼。4个菜烧好后，将样本都放进实验室冰箱，在4℃下冷藏，这个温度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是普通家用冰箱设置的温度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6小时后，剩菜中亚硝酸盐含量都有所<span style="color: black;">增多</span>：炒青菜<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了16%，韭菜炒蛋<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了6%，红烧肉<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了70%（已超过国家限量标准）。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 18小时后，实验人员从冰箱中拿出4个菜，用微波炉加热后作检测。结果<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，炒青菜中亚硝酸盐含量增幅非常大，比6小时<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了443%，红烧鲫鱼<span style="color: black;">增多</span>54%，韭菜炒蛋<span style="color: black;">增多</span>47%，红烧肉中亚硝酸盐含量变化不大。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>，炒青菜、红烧肉、红烧鲫鱼亚硝酸盐含量都超过了国家标准。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">24小时后，再次检测，4个菜肴的亚硝酸盐含量继续大幅<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，<span style="color: black;">所有</span>超过了《食品中污染物限量标准》的限量标准。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/PFGXKYYpDozP5uOAPPJIIpsgIUBicSWCwcM6beoPKMde9X1aBRC4ib3y1icI8DxEmnmOHf56oocPeZeqA3rJ0qy6g/640?tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">网络配图</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">知识：“剩饭”怎么吃<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有讲究</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">记者请教专家<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到，<span style="color: black;">无</span>变质的剩饭是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>加热后再吃的，但怎么吃，却大有讲究。米饭中所含的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>是淀粉，淀粉在加热到60℃以上时会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>膨胀，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>变成糊状，这个过程<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“糊化”。糊化的淀粉冷却后，会产生“老化”现象。人体对这种老化淀粉的水解和消化能力都大大降低。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>食用重新加热的剩饭，容易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>消化不良<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>胃病。凡消化功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>的老人、婴幼儿或体弱多病者以及<span style="color: black;">身患</span>胃肠<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的人，最好不吃变冷后重新加热的米饭。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">剩饭的<span style="color: black;">保留</span>时间以不隔餐为宜，早剩午吃，午剩晚吃，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>在5至6小时以内吃完。吃剩饭前，要彻底加热。</span></p>
你的留言真是温暖如春，让我感受到了无尽的支持与鼓励。
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