lbk60ox 发表于 2024-6-15 08:17:44

儿童听力阻碍平常病因(2)


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240313/8599defa01f74eed89656a2ab2688b9c.gif" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">感音神经性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">感音性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>或感音神经性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的病变<span style="color: black;">重点</span>在内耳耳蜗,耳蜗的结构和功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>中耳机械能转变为神经冲动时<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,以外胞<span style="color: black;">损害</span>为主。感音神经性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,很<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,有产前、产时、<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,遗传、环境等<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>均可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>感音神经性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。听力损失<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>可从轻度至极重度,有些病例可表现为波动性听力,但<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是永久性的,据病因不同听力损失<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>是渐进性的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">产前致听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>:</strong>产前即儿童出生之前。这一时期,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是妊娠的前12周,是胎儿听觉器官<span style="color: black;">生长</span>的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>时期,对外界的不良刺激<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>感。除内耳<span style="color: black;">生长</span>畸形外,孕母患感染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、用药、放射线的影响及患甲腺功能低下、糖尿病等<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,这些<span style="color: black;">原因</span>均可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>胎儿胚胎期听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,于先天性非遗传性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">内耳畸形:</strong>属于产前<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的先天性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。内耳畸形的类型多。1987年,Jackler对内耳畸形进行了<span style="color: black;">归类</span>。随着影像学检测技术的发展2002年Levent Sennaroglu 分析总结了23例内耳<span style="color: black;">生长</span>畸形<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的薄层高分率颞骨CT影像,对内耳畸形<span style="color: black;">归类</span>进行了<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>、完善,现已得到国际社认可。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">耳蜗畸形:</strong>耳蜗畸形可分为以下7类:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.Michel 畸形(Michel deformity):内耳的耳蜗、前庭、半规管等结构完全未<span style="color: black;">生长</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.耳蜗未<span style="color: black;">生长</span>(cochlear aplasia):耳蜗缺失,前庭正常或扩大、半规管发不良。该畸形<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>耳蜗缺失,面神经迷路段的位置比内耳<span style="color: black;">生长</span>正常者的面神经迷路段前移。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.共腔畸形(common cavity deformity):耳蜗、前庭结构未<span style="color: black;">掰开</span>,融合为个<span style="color: black;">一起</span>腔。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.耳蜗<span style="color: black;">生长</span>不全(cochlear hypoplasia):耳蜗、前庭结构彼此<span style="color: black;">掰开</span>,但耳的尺寸比正常耳蜗小。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.耳蜗分隔不全I型(IP-I):耳蜗蜗轴、筛板缺失,耳蜗呈囊状。常伴有前庭囊性扩大。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.耳蜗分隔不全II型(IP-II):即1987年分型中的Mondini畸形(图2-7),耳蜗<span style="color: black;">生长</span>1.5转,蜗顶和蜗中转融合呈一个囊腔,常伴有前庭和前庭导水管扩大。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240313/25b4c6a6e6094f60b48520cf19cbaaf2.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图2-7 Mondini畸形</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.耳蜗分隔不全皿型(IP-III):耳蜗蜗轴缺失,筛板存在,多为X-Linked性染色体遗传性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">前庭导水管扩大(图2-8):</strong>前庭导水管扩大可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>颅腔内压力很容易传导到很小的前庭,一个轻微的外伤或颅内压力的<span style="color: black;">升高</span>而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>前庭环境剧烈的变化,<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。此类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>临床表现为先天性感音神经性听力<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>,听力呈进行性或波动性下降,与头部外伤有密切关系。典型表现为:患儿出生后学话较晚,两三岁才学会说话,口齿略有不清。常在五六岁时因<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>的外伤或其他的不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>而致听力<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>下降。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240313/d2e9a3503b0d40cdbe23f8896fa49c8f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>

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流星的美 发表于 2024-8-28 03:38:52

你的话深深触动了我,仿佛说出了我心里的声音。

7wu1wm0 发表于 昨天 00:24

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