微X解除外链屏蔽,会让诈骗信息满天飞?
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/7d64b4f8c4524847bbcdc2f07ef19411~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1722987178&x-signature=jera5vb%2BqI41MkguJAdXhac2TvE%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">据<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>,<span style="color: black;">近期</span>工信部召开了“屏蔽网址链接问题行政<span style="color: black;">指点</span>会”,会上<span style="color: black;">需求</span>各经营即时通讯的平台限期内必须按标准解除屏蔽。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>腾讯运营的<span style="color: black;">微X</span>是中国最大的即时通讯软件,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>随即就有<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>和自<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">发帖</span>,担心外链屏蔽解除后<span style="color: black;">微X</span>生态被破坏,诈骗信息、营销信息会满天飞。今天就和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>聊聊这个,先说下笔者的观点:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上说法<span style="color: black;">背面</span>其实是对腾讯能力的不信任,腾讯有着强大的运营、服务和合规能力,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>链接是不合规的,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>黄赌毒网站,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>是被<span style="color: black;">她们</span>屏蔽的竞争对手的正常链接,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>抖音、淘宝,腾讯其实门儿清。至于诱导分享之类的链接,腾讯<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>对用户进行提示、给用户<span style="color: black;">供给</span>屏蔽<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来<span style="color: black;">处理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以笔者对腾讯的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>还是有底线的,揣着明白装糊涂,故意把<span style="color: black;">微X</span>生态搞乱来威胁主管<span style="color: black;">分部</span>的事情应该不会做。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,《网络安全法》的网络运营者对违法信息的管理责任<span style="color: black;">亦</span>摆在那里。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>解除外链屏蔽后<span style="color: black;">微X</span>里违法信息泛滥,腾讯可是要被追究法律责任的。下面是<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的分析:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span> 腾讯为啥要屏蔽部分<span style="color: black;">外边</span>链接?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">1、</span>生态管理的需要</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span>是一个用户体验很好的即时通讯软件,<span style="color: black;">背面</span>是腾讯对<span style="color: black;">微X</span>内生态做的管理,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>内容见 《<span style="color: black;">微X</span><span style="color: black;">外边</span>链接内容管理规范》(以下简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>“规范“)。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>为了合规,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽了部分涉黄、涉政的内容;为了防止欺诈信息的传播,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽了部分境外诈骗网站;为了防止部分网站过于打扰用户,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽了部分诱导分享、下载、关注、违规拼团,其他被屏蔽的链接内容还<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:H5游戏、欺诈内容、仿冒公众号网站、违法经营、<span style="color: black;">流言</span>、骚扰类信息、低俗、违法获取<span style="color: black;">运用</span>用户数据和信息,侵害他人权利,宗教性捐献、有偿投票干扰正常<span style="color: black;">运用</span>、其他违反法律法规的内容等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">2、</span>打击竞争对手需要</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腾讯的高明之处在于,在为了维持<span style="color: black;">微X</span>内生态的正常屏蔽<span style="color: black;">办法</span>中加了私货,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>规范中的“与<span style="color: black;">微X</span>或其服务平台<span style="color: black;">类似</span>功能服务类内容”<span style="color: black;">便是</span>打击竞争对手用的,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>有威胁的竞争对手,规范中其他条款,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>诱导分享这些帽子,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>给竞争对手扣上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而阿里、字节两大竞争对手首当其冲<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>腾讯屏蔽链接的对象,阿里旗下淘宝、天猫、支付宝、阿里来往,以及字节跳动旗下抖音、西瓜视频、火山小视频、飞书等App的链接都<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被封杀。支付宝、抖音这些几亿用户<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的App合规上做的不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>比腾讯差,腾讯屏蔽<span style="color: black;">她们</span>不是出于竞争还能是什么?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">3、</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>被投资企业需要</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">链接屏蔽还帮腾讯对被投资的企业保持很强的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>力。以中短视频为例,即便是被腾讯投资的快手和b站,其短视频链接<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>直接在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>内播放,必须<span style="color: black;">经过</span>小程序才行,而抖音则干脆连小程序都<span style="color: black;">无</span>。小程序刚推出的时候,还<span style="color: black;">准许</span>小程序<span style="color: black;">转</span>到App,但几个月前,腾讯<span style="color: black;">通告</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>:<span style="color: black;">再也不</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>小程序打开App的技术服务。这么做对谁有利?当然是腾讯,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>流量都在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>里了,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>就短视频而言,快手和b站再亲<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不如腾讯自己的亲儿子微视和视频号亲。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>解除链接屏蔽,腾讯对投资企业的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>力会减弱不少。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>腾讯屏蔽竞争对手网址链接<span style="color: black;">为何</span>是违法的?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、违反《反垄断法》</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这方面的内容,笔者在《Facebook反垄断诉讼与腾讯屏蔽竞争对手法律<span style="color: black;">危害</span>》一文中有<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的阐述。简略概况一下,腾讯屏蔽竞争对手时,除了屏蔽开放平台接入,腾讯还在社交软件中屏蔽竞争对手的网站链接。虽然普通平台不<span style="color: black;">准许</span>竞争对手借开放平台接入蹭流量很正常,完全不违法,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是一个<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位的平台,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>法律对你的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>就不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>了。各国的反垄断法都规定,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位的经营者,不得<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>市场<span style="color: black;">安排</span>地位,排除、限制竞争,<span style="color: black;">无</span>正当理由,不得拒绝与交易相对人进行交易。<strong style="color: blue;">而屏蔽链接<span style="color: black;">便是</span>拒绝交易,是《反垄断法》禁止的垄断<span style="color: black;">行径</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、违反《反不正当竞争法》和工信部规定</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽竞争对手链接的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>本质上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一种不兼容,国内互联网用户<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">微X</span>沟通,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一家<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>链接被<span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽,就需要手动复制链接,黏贴到浏览器<span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">拜访</span>,非常不方便,而移动互联网时代竞争<span style="color: black;">反常</span>激烈,这种<span style="color: black;">微X</span>造就的不方便<span style="color: black;">便是</span>不兼容,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>被屏蔽链接的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>竞争对手的崛起,逆向打击被屏蔽链接的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>拼多多<span style="color: black;">便是</span>在腾讯的默许下在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>生态内野蛮生长,2020年的活跃买数<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>超过了阿里巴巴。除了《反垄断法》,这种不兼容的<span style="color: black;">行径</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>违反了其他法律、法规。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我国《反不正当竞争法》第十二条规定:经营者不得利用技术手段,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>影响用户<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>其他方式,恶意对其他经营者合法<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的网络<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>服务实施不兼容,妨碍、破坏其他经营者合法<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的网络<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>服务正常运行。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,工信部颁布的《规范互联网信息服务市场秩序若干规定》</span><span style="color: black;">第五条规定:互联网信息服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者不得恶意干扰用户终端上其他互联网信息服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者的服务,<span style="color: black;">或</span>恶意干扰与互联网信息服务<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的软件等<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的下载、安装、运行和升级,<span style="color: black;">或</span>恶意对其他互联网信息服务<span style="color: black;">供给</span>者的服务<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>实施不兼容。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">细想一下,<strong style="color: blue;">近年来国内互联网的发展过程<span style="color: black;">便是</span>筑墙的过程,</strong>大<span style="color: black;">机构</span>纷纷用自己的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>和服务排斥竞争对手,远的如淘宝屏蔽百度,近的如<span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽抖音,但<strong style="color: blue;">这种屏蔽<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,本质上是把控公共流量为自己的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>利益服务,和公众利益是冲突的,</strong><span style="color: black;">同期</span>这种限制和屏蔽<span style="color: black;">行径</span>其实影响了信息的自由流动和互联互通,对<span style="color: black;">全部</span>中国互联网的生态是有<span style="color: black;">害处</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,笔者对工信部的解除屏蔽<span style="color: black;">措施</span>举双手赞成,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这个规定的内容得到落实,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>中国互联网生态的繁荣以及规范互联网<span style="color: black;">机构</span>之间的竞争秩序都大有好处,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>竞争加强了,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>消费者权益<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是有好处的。<strong style="color: blue;">规定还会给<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>创新能力的中小企业一线生机</strong>,像之前罗永浩的子弹短信,快播前创始人王欣的马桶MT,都是一发布就<span style="color: black;">马上</span>被<span style="color: black;">微X</span>屏蔽,其实这些<span style="color: black;">制品</span>都做得<span style="color: black;">特别有</span><span style="color: black;">特殊</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>创新型中小企业能够不受<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一种不<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的屏蔽<span style="color: black;">办法</span>影响,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>中国互联网的创新氛围<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会受益。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文作者:游云庭,上海大邦律师事务所高级合伙人,知识产权律师。<span style="color: black;">tel</span>:8621-52134900,Email: yytbest@gmail.com,本文仅<span style="color: black;">表率</span>作者观点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> https://www.yicai.com/news/101170494.html</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIyNzgwNDIwOQ==&mid=2247552110&idx=1&sn=dd63f6ba1a51d99edd49b7621a8342e3&chksm=e859d930df2e50269b29d7360957f995ecdccf509f97d94fb7d06bcaafc1f43d2cd3b57e3945</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/IaSd59fz_iuvGOCsPGZ1xA</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> https://weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/readtemplate?t=weixin_external_links_content_management_specification</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> https://xw.qq.com/cmsid/20210517A0A53400</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> https://www.pingwest.com/a/228490</p>
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