跨境电商海外仓（OMS篇）：库存锁定与释放，以及对在途库存的有些理解
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">编辑导语：在跨境电商OMS系统中，库存这一环节<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">非常</span>重要，<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的库存设计有助于<span style="color: black;">保证</span>OMS出库的正常运转。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>针对库存的锁定和释放，应<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>做好相对应的处理？在OMS中，在线库存的变化又应<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>加入设计考量的范围？不妨来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>作者的总结。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SlJ8m6BBathiq8~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1722700575&x-signature=%2BZhBqoTXboNnvIQN5Ayxw%2FurvuA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OMS出库单会有好些个关键节点，在<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的节点需要完成相应的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>，<span style="color: black;">才可</span>确保单据后续的正常流转。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在跨境电商OMS中，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>比较关键的有：物流下单、预扣费资金冻结、库存的锁定、释放和扣减等，物流下单之前<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有一篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>写过了，<strong style="color: blue;">这次<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>来聊聊库存的锁定、释放和扣减</strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>库存锁定的<span style="color: black;">机会</span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对跨境电商海外仓OMS<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，库存的锁定<span style="color: black;">通常</span>会有这么几个场景：</p>创建的时候就锁定库存；物流下单，获取物流面单的时候锁定库存；提交出库单到WMS的时候锁定库存。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的客户会有<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的业务场景，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>库存的锁定<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的，这三种场景不是任选一种，而是三种都要，灵活组合。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些客户<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是比较严谨的，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>创建出库单的时候就能把<span style="color: black;">有些</span>库存给占用了，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>在创建后就锁定库存。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些客户对库存锁定<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>应该是在拿到了物流面单的时候就锁定库存。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>客户的物流面单可能自己上传<span style="color: black;">或</span>是不<span style="color: black;">需求</span>要物流面单，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>设定在提交出库单到WMS的时候再来锁定库存。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">库存锁定的<span style="color: black;">机会</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>做成一个策略规则，每次有<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的客户引入的时候都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>配置对应的规则，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>配置规则，则采用默认的一个节点，<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>很灵活地兼顾<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>客户的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>。</strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>库存锁定与释放</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有库存的锁定，自然而然就会有库存的释放。库存的锁定与释放其实<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分成两组，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>组是锁定对应释放，第二组是锁定对应扣减。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">库存锁定了，意思<span style="color: black;">便是</span>出库单占用了这一部分的库存，系统需要标记为锁定，防止被其他出库单给抢占。<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>我取消了出库单，则需要释放这<span style="color: black;">一起</span>的锁定，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>库存锁定对应释放，其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>指出库单取消<span style="color: black;">或</span>拦截的场景。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这个出库单完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>，则需要扣减对应的库存。此时锁定的部分就会转化为扣减的部分，相当于先清空锁定的数量，<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>扣减的数量（<span style="color: black;">插进</span>库存流水），最后可用库存还是保持不变。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SlJ8m6kDTLBlM~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1722700575&x-signature=2C5zwJgypotUn9yyMdJIHXqQjhA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">库存锁定与释放示意图</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这里</span>处需要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>两个问题，一个是释放的<span style="color: black;">机会</span>，另一个是释放的数量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关于释放的<span style="color: black;">机会</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>出库单取消<span style="color: black;">或</span>拦截<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，什么时候取消<span style="color: black;">或</span>拦截成功了，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>就释放<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>出库单正常出库<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，需要关注一个问题：<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>定义出库？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">按表面意思来看，货物离开了仓库，才叫做出库。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>的业务场景中，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候货物拣货，打包完成之后，可能需要过一天<span style="color: black;">或</span>两天才会被物流商提走，这个时候出库的节点就会比较晚。<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有可能被物流商提走了之后，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>一个严谨的交接动作，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>出库单<span style="color: black;">无</span>标记为出库，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>一个待出库的状态，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>扣减库存。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">WMS怎么定义出库会影响OMS什么时候扣减库存，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>这<span style="color: black;">一起</span>需要结合业务去探索一个最佳解法。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>「出库」太早，则客户<span style="color: black;">能够</span>拦截出库单的时间段就会很短，<span style="color: black;">实质</span>货物<span style="color: black;">无</span>出去，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>却<span style="color: black;">不可</span>拦截出库，白白<span style="color: black;">增多</span>损失；<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>「出库」太晚，则有可能某些出库单会标记为超时出库，影响平台店铺的评分。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关于释放的数量，对跨境电商海外仓而言，基本上<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的部分出库<span style="color: black;">或</span>多批次出库，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>业务都是整单出，一次性完结。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">这里</span>不做展开，只是做一个提醒<span style="color: black;">罢了</span>。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>出库数量确实有差异，<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到锁定的数量的问题，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>可用库存数量是准确的，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>借助<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>处理手段来<span style="color: black;">调节</span>差异。</strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>在途库存的变化</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在途库存是一个很容易被<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">忽略</span>的环节，有些时候<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>会感觉这个数据没啥用，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>在设计<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">规律</span>的时候直接忘记了还有这么一回事。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关于在途库存的资料，我在网络上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>找了挺久的，结果<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">好似</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">文案</span>都写得很浅<span style="color: black;">或</span>很<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>，搞得理解起来<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>难受。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这里</span>我总结一下我个人认知范围内，跨境电商海外仓中的在途库存<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是怎么用的，仅为个人观点，<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>辩证性看待。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是想简单地理解在途库存，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>直接从最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的两种产生在途库存的方式来分析就够了，它们分别是：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">调拨在途<span style="color: black;">便是</span>从A仓库调拨到B仓库的过程中，产生的在途库存。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>A仓库<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，货物<span style="color: black;">已然</span>离开了A仓库，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>A仓库的库存是<span style="color: black;">已然</span>扣减了的；而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>B仓库<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，货物正在运输的路上，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>入库上架，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>算作可用库存，只是在途库存。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采购在途和调拨在途有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">类似</span>点，都是从某地发到<span style="color: black;">另一</span>的一个<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>采购<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到<span style="color: black;">有些</span>和<span style="color: black;">外边</span>供应商结算的问题，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>稍微有点麻烦。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>即将接收采购货物的仓库<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，货物还在路上并<span style="color: black;">无</span>上架，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>算可用库存，只是在途库存。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在途库存<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预估<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的一段时间内的库存量，用来<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>的决策；在途库存<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是会占用资金成本的，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>财务<span style="color: black;">分部</span>会关注和<span style="color: black;">注重</span>这<span style="color: black;">一起</span>的数据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>跨境<span style="color: black;">行业</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>备货到海外仓的过程（头程）时间<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>长，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在途库存的可控性对卖家<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>就<span style="color: black;">显出</span>尤为重要了。除了需要统计好各个海外仓的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>可用库存之外，还需要关注备货在途的这一部分库存，<span style="color: black;">即时</span>做好库存的计划<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对OMS的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，在途库存的定义<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span><strong style="color: blue;">入库单提交到仓库后，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>仓库还<span style="color: black;">无</span>收货上架前，这一段时间的库存总数</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>仓库<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上架了之后，在途库存就会转化为可用库存。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>仓库<span style="color: black;">实质</span>收货少于预报数量，却又强制结束了入库单，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>在途库存<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需要相应的减少。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>入库单<span style="color: black;">已然</span>关闭了，在途库存应该按<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上架的数量转化为可用库存，而多出来的部分<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>再继续上架了，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>这部分应该作废释放。</p><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/SlJ8m785nWQr95~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1722700575&x-signature=%2FiXaRzBlyr77n9%2F%2BUIDh3pz4enA%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在途库存变化示意图</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>OMS<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，重点需要关注入库单状态为已提交到已上架之间的入库单的SKU的数量，这一部分需要<span style="color: black;">按照</span>仓库反馈的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上架数量来动态<span style="color: black;">调节</span>在途库存的数量，最后再<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>差异收货和差异上架的节点<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>总结</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">OMS出库这<span style="color: black;">一起</span>，物流下单和规则引擎是最<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的，而库存的锁定和释放则是最<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>没写什么太深的内容，只是简单地对过往的项目经验做了一个总结和回顾。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">库存的锁定和释放其实和出库单预扣费的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的，锁定了库存之后就要冻结相应的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>，库存释放了之后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需要对应地释放<span style="color: black;">或</span>扣减冻结的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>计费这<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>的内容比较偏，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>内容<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比较杂，<span style="color: black;">这里</span>就不多展开聊了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而在途库存则是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>网上资料<span style="color: black;">亦</span>确实太少了，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>我又献丑了一次，输出了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>自己的浅薄的观点和看法。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>此文能对你有<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>下篇再见！</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">#专栏作家#</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我叫维他命（Vitamin），<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号：PM维他命。前PHPer，做过在线教育类<span style="color: black;">制品</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>做过3年半的跨境仓储物流方向的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>是一位外贸SaaS<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的供应链<span style="color: black;">制品</span>经理。<span style="color: black;">重点</span>专注于WMS/OMS/TMS/BMS/ERP等<span style="color: black;">行业</span>，分享供应链<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>知识。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文原创发布于人人都是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>经理，未经作者许可，禁止转载</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">题图来自Unsplash，基于CC0协议</p>
seo常来的论坛，希望我的网站快点收录。 “板凳”（第三个回帖的人） 楼主的文章非常有意义，提升了我的知识水平。 感谢你的精彩评论，带给我新的思考角度。
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