癌症•治疗 医生亦在读 李治中著2
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-0e4c9092fe409afd7bc2829acabf0554_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">菠萝的良心著作,我在图书馆里找了好几周,拿到书后花了4个小时就看完了,有一种深深的<span style="color: black;">没</span>力感。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>码字比较辛苦,只是整理了我比较感兴趣的几个问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1:<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>得癌症的人数越来越多?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">作者给出的答案是:老龄化。癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率最<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是:年龄!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">简单公式:P=abcd</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">p:癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的概率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">a:细胞分裂次数(岁数增大,细胞<span style="color: black;">必须</span>分裂的次数就越多,a值变大)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">b:每次分裂产生突变基因的数目(受遗传影响);著名好莱坞影星安吉丽娜朱莉受母亲遗传,携带突变基因,每次细胞分裂产生的突变是<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>的100倍不止,预估计,她有87%的可能患上乳腺癌,50%的可能患上卵巢癌。于是她切除了双乳和卵巢防患于未然。真是莫大的勇气!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">c:突变基因是致癌基因的概率(<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,是个固定概率)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">d:免疫系统清除癌细胞失败的概率(<span style="color: black;">一样</span>,随着年纪增大,免疫系统衰弱,对癌细胞清除能力减弱,d值增大)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2:<span style="color: black;">为何</span>乙肝<span style="color: black;">病人</span>容易患肝癌、抽烟容易得肺癌?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人体器官受到<span style="color: black;">损害</span>后<span style="color: black;">经过</span>细胞分裂进行修复,反复修复的过程,a值越变越大。乙肝病毒携带者虽然<span style="color: black;">无</span>急性症状,但乙肝病毒会<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">损害</span>肝细胞,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>反复的肝细胞“死亡--分裂”循环;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PS:乙肝或丙肝病毒携带者,应该在35岁以后每半年进行一次甲胎蛋白(AFP)和腹部超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">类似,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>抽烟或空气污染(重度雾霾)会<span style="color: black;">损害</span>肺部细胞;过辣过烫的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>会<span style="color: black;">损害</span>消化道表皮细胞,食管癌、胃癌、大肠癌、直肠癌由此而来。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PS:谈到雾霾,有个指标叫PM2.5,<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>直径在2.5微米以下的悬浮颗粒物。这种<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>头发直径几<span style="color: black;">非常</span>之一的颗粒,极容易进入肺部,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>能进入到很深的支气管。<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>在北京这种重度雾霾的环境中,进行跑步、跳广场舞之类运动的人,真的是拿生命在热爱。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3:良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤怎么区分?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span>转移。良性肿瘤属于钉子户,只要不长在<span style="color: black;">重要</span>位置,切除就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>。而恶性肿瘤不论<span style="color: black;">体积</span>,都会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>转移,可能在血液系统里,可能在淋巴系统里,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能在其他器官上。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>恶性肿瘤大多在很小都检测不到的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下就<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>转移了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4:肿瘤威胁生命的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,某一器官衰竭<span style="color: black;">或</span>系统性衰竭。<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>压迫<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>神经<span style="color: black;">引起</span>危险;肺癌生长填充肺部空间,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>氧气交换能力大大下降;白血病细胞挤压正常红细胞和免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">存活</span>空间,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>系统性缺氧,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>严重的免疫缺陷。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次,肿瘤<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>往功能非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的器官转移。最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是:脑转移,肺转移,骨转移,肝转移。这么一转移,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>回天<span style="color: black;">没</span>力,这些<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的器官<span style="color: black;">无</span>一个<span style="color: black;">能够</span>去切除!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后,系统性衰竭。有个别名叫:恶病质。这个症状一<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不可逆。会<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>体重<span style="color: black;">快速</span>下降,肌肉和脂肪都<span style="color: black;">快速</span>丢失。<span style="color: black;">没</span>论吃多少东西,输多少蛋白都没用。而肌肉和脂肪对<span style="color: black;">全部</span>机体<span style="color: black;">供给</span>能量,对内分泌调节至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。全民偶像乔布斯患了胰腺癌后,前后形象的对比<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>看出这个症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5:艾滋病和癌症哪个可能先被<span style="color: black;">解决</span>?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">艾滋病!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span>1:癌症属于内源性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。癌细胞即使变异,但仍是人体细胞。搞定癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>都是杀敌一千,自损八百的勾当。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>每时每刻都在治好病和维持<span style="color: black;">病人</span>基本生命之间权衡,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>妥协。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>大剂量地<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,而<span style="color: black;">无</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,癌症早就治好了。<span style="color: black;">研发</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗指数越大越好,治疗指数大是<span style="color: black;">显示</span>虽然用药的剂量大,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>产生不可逆的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>却小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然,现实中的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗指数都很低,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>严格<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>研发出的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>能让癌细胞和人体能够<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>共存,变<span style="color: black;">影像</span>糖尿病<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很成功了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span>2:癌症是<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的组合,不是单一的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。例如肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>平均每人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>突变数目将近5000个,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人突变的组合都不同<span style="color: black;">况且</span>都是特异的。虽然只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>抓住几个<span style="color: black;">重要</span>基因,就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出比较有效的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>面对庞大的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>基数,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法针对所有的病人。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,有时候针对某些基因而<span style="color: black;">研发</span>出的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>对<span style="color: black;">有些</span>病人<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>效,但对<span style="color: black;">无</span>这种基因突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>确是完全<span style="color: black;">没</span>效的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span>3:新药的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>成本。基本上一种有效<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">研发</span>成本为10年的时间成本以及20亿美金的货币成本!<span style="color: black;">这般</span>大的时间、金钱的投入,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>得非常缓慢。要<span style="color: black;">解决</span>,真是遥遥<span style="color: black;">没</span>期,任重而道远呢!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span>4:可怕的生物进化。抗药性和变异性是艾滋病和癌症共有的让人非常头痛的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">解决</span>不了艾滋病最<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>人类<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>进化能力,从而能够适应不同的外界环境。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">一样</span>具备基本的进化能力,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>更强,针对<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>给它的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,癌细胞<span style="color: black;">持续</span>变化,想法设法躲避<span style="color: black;">药品</span>而存活下来,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>面临着复发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>临床实验中,发现<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌细胞在治疗几个月后抛弃原有突变的基因,而产生新的突变来<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>癌细胞生长。这么快的进化能力,不禁让人感叹自然界面前人类是多么<span style="color: black;">何足道哉</span>!很大程度上,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>产生抗药性,不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span>产生抗药性的速度越来越快,不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>抗药性的种类是有限的还是<span style="color: black;">没</span>限的。。。由此,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的复发非常难以<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">看完这4个<span style="color: black;">原由</span>后,我真的感觉到现实有多骨感!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6:要不要给宝宝存脐带血?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>:<span style="color: black;">针对</span>基因突变<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的血液<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,突变早<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在怀孕<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>,在这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,用脐带血进行移植百分百复发,毫<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第二:用别人的脐带血治疗血液<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>比自己的效果好。即便自己的脐带血完全健康,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>移植的过程不仅是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>构建新的造血系统,还<span style="color: black;">需求</span>移植的免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>消除残余的癌细胞。癌细胞之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>能够在<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌细胞进化出了相应躲避<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的免疫细胞,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>健康的脐带血<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法识别。相反,异体<span style="color: black;">移植</span>的干细胞产生的免疫细胞能够识别并消除残余癌细胞,并且这种消除的能力比<span style="color: black;">自己</span>的能力更强。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第三:脐带血<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>几十毫升,和移植所需的几百毫升血实在是相差甚多。正常<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,脐带血只能用于婴儿<span style="color: black;">或</span>几岁的儿童。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,脐带血不适合<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">保留</span>,花费几千上万实在不值得。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第四:15年以上的脐带血算过期。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上<span style="color: black;">通常</span>10年以上的就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>不可再用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>:新生儿父母<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将脐带血<span style="color: black;">没</span>偿捐给公共脐带血库。在婴儿父母或婴儿兄弟姐妹都健康的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,实在<span style="color: black;">无</span>必要自己私自存取。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7:震惊中外的 Car-t 技术到底怎么样?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再次<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的免疫疗法<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑给血液病<span style="color: black;">行业</span>为之一振。这种技术<span style="color: black;">经过</span>分离<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的T细胞,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>基因工程给这种T细胞加入能够识别肿瘤的细胞,光能识别还不行,还激活T细胞杀死肿瘤细胞的嵌合抗体,华丽变身为<span style="color: black;">高挑</span>上的Car-t细胞。就像导航<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>还带着杀伤武器。技术一出来就得到<span style="color: black;">公众</span>的追捧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">非常著名的这种技术代言人<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个叫Emily Whitehead的小<span style="color: black;">女子</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这个技术,她奇迹般地存活了下来,3年<span style="color: black;">检测</span>下来<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然,这种技术并不适合所有的血液病病人,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对急性淋巴癌和B细胞淋巴癌的治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,这种技术的<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常大。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>临床实验的病人因为细胞因子风暴而救<span style="color: black;">不外</span>来。T细胞在杀死癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,会释放<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的叫做细胞因子的蛋白,用来激活<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">一块</span>对抗癌细胞。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,这种技术的效果实在是<span style="color: black;">火速</span><span style="color: black;">特别有</span>效,会在瞬间产生超<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的细胞因子,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>惊人的免疫反应,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>或许<span style="color: black;">晕倒</span>不醒,或许<span style="color: black;">连续</span>高烧不退(发烧是免疫系统被激活的副产物)。<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">欠好</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,非常危险。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8:全身PET-CT<span style="color: black;">检测</span>到底<span style="color: black;">可靠</span>吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">普通人在<span style="color: black;">无</span>被确诊为癌症的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不要做!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">PET-CT的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>价值是用于<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>局部癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(专注看某一个病变位置)监测癌症<span style="color: black;">发展</span>尤其是复发。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>它给正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>做体检筛查是基本<span style="color: black;">没</span>效的。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>PET-CT全身扫描分辨率很低,<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>不出<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的肿瘤。存在着很大概率的假阴性(有癌症没被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>)和假阳性(<span style="color: black;">无</span>癌症却被查出来患病)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有一点是,这种<span style="color: black;">检测</span>带有很强的放射性(<span style="color: black;">必要</span>向<span style="color: black;">身体</span>注射放射性物质来<span style="color: black;">影像</span>),本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,每做一次PET-CT就大概等于在海边晒了10年的太阳。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>每年做一次全身的PET-CT,那真是自作孽不可活,没癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会搞出癌症来。<span style="color: black;">海量</span>数据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>孩子确诊为甲状腺癌都与儿时接触放射性<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9:代购仿制药安全吗?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">说到仿制药,我<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑会想到“山寨”,担心仿制药的质量问题。看完作者的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>后,<span style="color: black;">安心</span>了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,仿制药绝对安全。真正要<span style="color: black;">作为</span>仿制药上市,美国FDA的标准非常高,它的有效<span style="color: black;">成份</span>、剂量、安全性、效力、正副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>都<span style="color: black;">必要</span>和品牌药完全相同。仿制药本身<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是经过了<span style="color: black;">没</span>数病人的测试后,验证和品牌药并<span style="color: black;">无</span>区别。单从药效上说,它不是假药,而是实实在在的真药、好药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>的高价药,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>印度一个国家打破了<span style="color: black;">守护</span>专利权实行强制许可来仿制。印度政府就像个黑社会老大,强买<span style="color: black;">药物</span>。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>印度的仿制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>水平非常高,<span style="color: black;">药品</span>质量非常好,价格便宜,量又足,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在国内外有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的需求。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,仿制<span style="color: black;">药物</span>是把双刃剑。其他国家<span style="color: black;">包含</span>中国不会轻易就打破<span style="color: black;">守护</span>专利权制度,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>决定实施这一制度来让制药厂保持效益。<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">研发</span>新药,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>的时间成本和货币成本,虽然它享有专利权,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>只享有20年的时间。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>在这些年里,拼命抬高<span style="color: black;">药物</span>价格,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>收回成本并且获利。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">制药厂本质上还是一个<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>要有经济利益上的驱使。<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>来看,为了让它保持对新药<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>的动力,中国人民想看到品牌药降到和仿制药一个价位应该是很难的了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">看完书后再<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>的我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>感觉深深的心累,这种心累比码字的眼睛累可难以消化的多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Turn up!!!</p>
“BS”(鄙视的缩写) 你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。 交流如星光璀璨,点亮思想夜空。
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