三款“抗癌神药”纳入医疗保险,原价10万,如今必要多少钱?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>对人类健康威胁最大的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人谈癌色变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,随着人类对癌症的认识越来越深入,抵抗癌症的方式<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>更新换代,从以往的单纯手术到放疗化疗,再到后来的靶向药,以及今天最先进的PD-1免疫疗法。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-8c548d92fdfc76c02499762590b12703_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然免疫疗法是迄今为止最先进的癌症治疗方式,但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>价格昂贵而使<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人望而却步。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年,是癌症免疫疗法划时代的一年,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>谈判有四家国内<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>降价被纳入了<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>,几十万的治疗费一下子降到一两万,从此免疫治疗进入平价时代。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,什么是PD-1免疫治疗?它又是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>发展而来的呢?本文将<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>向你讲述。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">1.PD-1免疫治疗的前世今生</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">谈到PD-1免疫治疗,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>癌症的发病原理。通俗地说,癌细胞是人体正常细胞在变异<span style="color: black;">或</span>受到某种刺激后转化而来,不同于正常细胞有生长凋亡过程,癌细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>限增殖,侵蚀人的各个器官。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">众所周知,人的健康<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>免疫系统<span style="color: black;">守护</span>的,那<span style="color: black;">为何</span>免疫系统会在癌细胞面前失去<span style="color: black;">功效</span>呢。原来,在癌细胞表面有一种叫PD- L1的蛋白,它和人体免疫细胞表面的PD-1蛋白能够建造通路,让免疫细胞误以为癌细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是正常细胞,任其疯狂繁殖。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然PD-1疗法近年来才普及,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>早在1992年人类就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了PD-1蛋白的存在。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1992年,日本京都大学的本庶佑在<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>细胞凋亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>时<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了PD-1,当然,那个时候还不清楚PD-1蛋白在人体免疫系统中的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-4f233e1f459d09e644218d4ce6e0241b_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1999年,<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">摆设</span>平<span style="color: black;">科研</span>出了刺激人体免疫细胞的另一种蛋白,即PD-L1。遗憾的是,<span style="color: black;">摆设</span>平教授的团队并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>PD-1和PD-L1的关系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">直到2000年,本庶佑和他的合作者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">经过</span>释放PD-L1蛋白和PD-1蛋白结合来<span style="color: black;">控制</span>免疫细胞中的T细胞功能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了两者的关系后,本庶佑找到日本小野制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,试图<span style="color: black;">研发</span>PD-1<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,但<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>找到<span style="color: black;">知道</span>方向。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-113083dfce24d267c0dd6a9e1f647d44_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2002年,<span style="color: black;">摆设</span>平教授的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,人体的癌细胞<span style="color: black;">经过</span>PD-L1和PD-1的结合顺利躲开免疫系统的追杀,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能找到一种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>阻断这两种蛋白的碰面,那就能激发人体的免疫细胞主动杀死癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种靠人体<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫对抗癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,相比于传统的放疗化疗“杀敌一千自损八百”,以及靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>只能打一个点的局限性,有巨大的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">嗅到了免疫疗法的广阔前景,一家名为Medarex的制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>率先<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>,著名的华人<span style="color: black;">专家</span>王常玉<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在其中。但<span style="color: black;">因为</span>经费资源有限,<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>缓慢。2005年,Medarex<span style="color: black;">机构</span>主动和小野制药合作,<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>PD-1免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,并着手开展临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-11611ae9728a5babeba529353b294d19_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">经过漫长的临床实验与<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,在2014年,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>款PD-1免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">面世</span>。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>所熟知的O药。在O药的实验过程中,一家荷兰的制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>看到免疫疗法的巨大<span style="color: black;">潜能</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>参与到了<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>中,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>发明的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>今天的K药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两家制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>像赛跑<span style="color: black;">通常</span>争分夺秒地做<span style="color: black;">实验</span>、<span style="color: black;">科研</span>数据,这种全世界尚未有先行者的癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,谁占得先机谁就先占有市场。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2014年,O药和K药<span style="color: black;">同期</span>上市,只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>一个<span style="color: black;">选取</span>在日本首发,另一个则<span style="color: black;">选取</span>在美国。PD-1免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">面世</span>是人类抗癌史上的一个里程碑,不仅疗效<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">况且</span>毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>小。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-5d8d03e4ca326eee9a43761bdb3cee63_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有数据统计<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,针对晚期肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,利用免疫治疗后5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率由6%<span style="color: black;">加强</span>到23.3%。在医学上来讲,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>病人能够活过5年,那就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着临床治愈,这<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑是令人欢欣鼓舞的好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更难得可贵的是,PD-1免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是一种广谱抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,一种药能<span style="color: black;">同期</span>对集中癌症都有效,应用范围非常广。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫疗法的投入<span style="color: black;">运用</span>让癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>都激动万分,一个有机会延长生命,一个有机会借此赚取<span style="color: black;">巨额</span>利润。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-32fd9a52059a8694c91d871bdfcce42b_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,后来者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都纷纷加入PD-1免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,市场<span style="color: black;">那样</span>大,<span style="color: black;">皆想</span>分杯羹。<span style="color: black;">火速</span>,免疫治疗的T药(阿特苏单抗)、I药(得瓦鲁单抗)和B药(Bavencio)<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都<span style="color: black;">面世</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">2、中国的癌症免疫治疗之路</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2018年6月,PD-1免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>O药(欧迪沃)正式<span style="color: black;">准许</span>在国内<span style="color: black;">营销</span>,定价100mg的大瓶是9260元,40mg的小瓶是4591元,虽然价格<span style="color: black;">已然</span>比国外便宜了一半,再加上慈善赠药政策,算下来每年<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要二十多万,<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>还<span style="color: black;">不可</span>报销,这对普通人而言是天文数字。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>许有人会问,国外的制药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>都<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>出来了,<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>自己的制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>研制<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,在<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>有更深层次的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有资料统计,一个新药的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>周期<span style="color: black;">最少</span>要10年,投入的资金10亿美元以上,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>就算你投入时间投入人力物力,还不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>能取得成功。在我国,很少有几家制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>能够如此“财大气粗”。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-c83e2bd8c769336fc004b50e2c92c344_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从政策层面,我国的医药审批政策有待改善,一个新药<span style="color: black;">开发</span>专利报上去要几年<span style="color: black;">才可</span>审批下来,审批完成后再花个几年<span style="color: black;">开发</span>,最后<span style="color: black;">药品</span>成功上市后没几年专利又到了有效期,一番折腾来年成本都赚不回来。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>宁愿生产仿制药,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不愿意冒险去创新。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近几年,国家<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到了制药行业存在的问题,<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行医药行业改革。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,对创新药审批制度进行改革,优先审批,把宝贵时间都用在<span style="color: black;">开发</span>上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其次,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>走向国际,和国际大<span style="color: black;">公司</span>实行结果互认,使中国的制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>见识到对手的强大,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>发展积极性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在资本市场方面,对制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的优惠政策<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>涌现,优先<span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>先<span style="color: black;">开发</span>创新药的<span style="color: black;">公司</span>上市,即使<span style="color: black;">无</span>盈利<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有资格进入,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>融资来满足创新药<span style="color: black;">开发</span>的资金需求。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有了国家政策支持,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>制药大<span style="color: black;">公司</span>纷纷<span style="color: black;">起始</span>研制创新药,PD-1<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>在其中。2015年,君实生物的特瑞普利单抗<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>,而后,信达生物、恒瑞医药、百济神州等<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>积极加入……</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-a6dfb4cb2d8f233159ea9d31e0a7faa8_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2018年12月17日,君实生物的特瑞普利单抗<span style="color: black;">获准</span>上市<span style="color: black;">营销</span>,中国迎来了<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个PD-1免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,单疗程价格约为7200元,即使实行了慈善赠药政策,一年<span style="color: black;">花费</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要十余万。这对<span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">整家</span>收入都不足十万的家庭而言,有点不切<span style="color: black;">实质</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么时候让免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">走进</span>寻常<span style="color: black;">大众</span>中?<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都在期盼。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">3、病有所医,终有一天不是梦</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的家属被问<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一个问题,愿意多花点钱为自己的亲人治疗吗?<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的回答都是肯定的,但在肯定之后难免又在犯嘀咕,要花多少钱?<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>倾家荡产却还人财两空怎么办?</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-c510f4a67319039a4da22583e23c3d48_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症本<span style="color: black;">便是</span>治愈率很低的绝症,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在竭尽全力延长癌症亲人生命的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,又在害怕花光积蓄,剩下的日子剩下的人该怎么过。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,即使有了像PD-1免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的先进<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,用还是<span style="color: black;">不消</span>,对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属而言,都是两难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一方面,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>举棋不定,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>国内的制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是一件好事。做<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,本<span style="color: black;">便是</span>以利润为<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>出来销量有限<span style="color: black;">没</span>法盈利,这对<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>疑是致命打击。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然,有一种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>除外,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>这个<span style="color: black;">药品</span>能够被纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在享受<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>报销的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会<span style="color: black;">海量</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>,这必是两全其美。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2019年,信达生物的信迪利单抗免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>被纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span><span style="color: black;">药物</span>,降价幅度超过60%,算下来一年的治疗<span style="color: black;">花费</span>不到十万。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年12月,备受瞩目的<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>谈判<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行,<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>专家们为了让群众买到便宜<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,一分钱<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要往下砍,而最让人激动的莫过于PD-1免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的谈判。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三家国内<span style="color: black;">公司</span>(君实生物、百济神州、恒瑞医药)和两家国外<span style="color: black;">机构</span>百时美施贵宝(O药)和默沙东(K药)参与了砍价谈判。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">谈判结果大快人心,三家国内<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">所有</span>入围成功,被纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录,而O药和K药依然<span style="color: black;">没</span>缘<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以恒瑞医药举例,降价后单支价格达到3000元,一年总共5万元,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>近<span style="color: black;">周期</span>国家<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>的68%报销比例,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>一年只需花费1.6万元。癌症免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">最终</span>迎来了真正的<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>时代。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">落选的O药和K药为了保住自己的市场<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>行动,在慈善赠药的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上再降价,两大<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的降价均超过50%,<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到进口药的适应症更广,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>经济<span style="color: black;">前提</span>好的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该会继续<span style="color: black;">选取</span>O药和K药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从2018年首次引进免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,到2020年四款国有<span style="color: black;">药品</span>纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>范围,这是我国癌症治疗迈出的一大步。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会激励<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的制药<span style="color: black;">公司</span>争当时代弄潮儿,研制出<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的新药好药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这不禁让人想起电影《我不是药神》,程勇为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的一群人用生命的代价换来了抗癌神药格列宁进入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>,挽救了<span style="color: black;">没</span>数<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的生命。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总有一天,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>凡人做“药神”,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>患病的人都能治得起病,吃得起药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">病有所医,老有所养,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>在<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>。</p>
“NB”(牛×的缩写,表示叹为观止) 我完全同意你的观点,说得太对了。 楼主发的这篇帖子,我觉得非常有道理。
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