只想拼命工作的巨豪,20年前就算准自己要成全世界第1!
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6jpN3Wib5Q8wsjrSiccTD4LX1FljwxnJOTeBL35DAXSvu2D6ck10gmTKsk9HZRtlXNI4g8WUUVhabhbo5DkjUpfQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">内容转载自<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号:华商韬略</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者 | 张静波</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>人 | JIANG</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">上海车展,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一道分水岭。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">曾经,<span style="color: black;">跨境</span>车企对<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>来讲,是珠峰<span style="color: black;">同样</span>难以逾越的存在。中国汽车产业数十年的历史,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一部俯首学习、追赶西方的奋斗史。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但如今,斗转星移,在2023上海车展上,外资巨头拿着皮尺和放大镜,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>起了<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的中国对手。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6jpN3Wib5Q8zlicm8XW8P28hZnMjLIwGFEt9sy8nYvicb6MCY3gg72ykKraRCicTbQJJ1g9kOxrTRIPNTCqBUBUlNw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNt9dXFGJJHDzibh7CRbn0OBuk0zc9SdaU6h92DK1WYWhzX58noMcdswhQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">进入中国40年,<span style="color: black;">跨境</span>车企们还从未像今天<span style="color: black;">这般</span>紧张过。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">短短10天的上海车展,吸引了<span style="color: black;">公众</span>、保时捷、法拉利、丰田等几乎所有<span style="color: black;">跨境</span>车企,海外高管们纷纷包机参展,半个董事会都来了!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span>在中国车企的展台前<span style="color: black;">长期</span>驻足,排队围观、学习。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">有车企<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>拿着皮尺,跪在地上仔细<span style="color: black;">科研</span>起来。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在众多被外企高管追捧的中国车企中,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">比亚迪<span style="color: black;">没</span>疑是最靓的仔。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">上海车展的豪车馆,历来是宾利、法拉利、兰博基尼等海外豪车的天下。但今年,它们的风头被比亚迪仰望U8抢走。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从车展<span style="color: black;">第1</span>天<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,仰望U8的展台前,人山人海,<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>排队很久<span style="color: black;">才可</span>一睹芳容。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNtHx03TyOfSxkFKFBYM44F1ibPLYu8D68beD5RZibsq4PhZ190Hwp5oicicw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">即便<span style="color: black;">这般</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>阻挡不了兰博基尼、法拉利的高管们,慕名前来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">让这些燃油车时代的霸主们,低下身段,前来虚心学习的是比亚迪引领电动车时代的众多黑科技:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">易四方、云辇、刀片电池……</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNtAlOTmLLnr38deg2fK888Xw0YyUC8spIjq3jNLzpZiaLQwZYNAYJuyYw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">技术曾是海外车企垄断中国汽车市场的利器。但如今,电动车时代,国内车企<span style="color: black;">成为了</span><span style="color: black;">把握</span>黑科技的人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">比技术,更让海外车企恐惧的是,传统燃油车在上海车展上,几乎找不到任何的存在感。这预示着:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">一个旧时代的结束,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一个新时代的<span style="color: black;">起始</span>。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">消费者<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>用脚投票,他们纷纷抛弃燃油车,拥抱电动车。在<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>过去的2023年<span style="color: black;">第1</span>季度,比亚迪成功超越<span style="color: black;">公众</span>,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">登顶中国汽车销量<span style="color: black;">第1</span>。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在中国乘用车近40年的历史上,这是自主品牌<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次战胜外资<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一样</span>是在一季度,中国以109万辆的出口量,成功超越日本,<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>大汽车出口国,打破了日<span style="color: black;">自己</span>自1980年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,保持了43年之久的纪录!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">中国汽车产业一举翻身,凭借的是</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">电动车的崛起。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然而,仅仅十年前,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>中国电动车产业最大的推动者之一,比亚迪却遭遇一场口诛笔伐,在某些人眼中<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">成为了</span>汽车产业的“罪人”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNtG0ic8ZR4NBbQrWib4m4RhLYiad0oMNyic3tias21I8WVzZTl4mKO8ntrGAQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2011年,比亚迪遭遇创业<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>最大一次挫败。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">那年9月,中国汽车产业发展论坛上,它<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>众人炮轰的对象,有专家愤慨道:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“政府对发展电动车这么激进,比亚迪是有责任的!”</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">会场外,这家<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">更加是</span>四面楚歌:销量暴跌、股价暴跌、经销商集体退网……<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人认为,比亚迪要完蛋了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">10年后再看,当初这些判断,都<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>笑话。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>第三,超越<span style="color: black;">公众</span>……对中国车企来讲,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的成绩几乎是天方夜谭。但眼下,它正<span style="color: black;">作为</span>现实,而创造奇迹的,正是比亚迪。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个奇迹的源头,始于20年前。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2002年10月,比亚迪创始人王传福在深圳总部召开股东大会,议题<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一个:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">收购秦川,进军汽车行业。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人闻言反对,但大部分人<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了沉默,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>:不管<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>反对,王传福终究会按自己的意志做决定。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>要造车,还要造电动汽车——这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>王传福的意志,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是伟大梦想。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这个梦想吓坏了香港资本市场,基金经理们威胁要抛光比亚迪的股票。王传福却嘲讽对方:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">目光短浅,一眼只能望两三年。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽管外表坚定,但王传福的内心<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有挣扎。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在收购协议签字前几天,他一字一顿地问身边人,“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有戏吗?”得到的答复是:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“这是一场危险的游戏。”</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNtpyvbwjNcRvIsRibl6rQhqLUuTLSaHmPIbvlyGlwsQrPZUFmJZ2aAk2w/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">王传福的担忧、身边人的回复,都不<span style="color: black;">没</span>道理。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">20年前,中国汽车产业<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>起步,别说电动车,连燃油车都还没整明白。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">放眼<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>,<span style="color: black;">持有</span>百年历史的美国通用汽车,<span style="color: black;">刚才</span>在电动车EV1上铩羽而归,特斯拉那时尚在襁褓中。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">全部</span>市场,<span style="color: black;">没</span>人看好电动车。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">冰冷的现实,<span style="color: black;">火速</span>就重创了比亚迪。当<span style="color: black;">她们</span>试图寻找零部件供应商时,对方要么不合作,要么干脆报出天价。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">既然没人愿意陪着冒险,比亚迪只好自己动手。<span style="color: black;">最后</span>,比亚迪炼<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>垂直一体化大法——除了轮胎和玻璃,什么都自己生产。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大法虽好,但怎么活下去还成问题,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>活下去,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>实现伟大梦想。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在大洋彼岸,特斯拉的办法是融资。20年36轮融资,先后烧掉了200多亿美元。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">王传福的<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>,<span style="color: black;">无</span>强大的资本市场,他活下去的办法是向现实妥协,靠造燃油车来养活电动车。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">即使造燃油车,比亚迪面临的难度,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是地狱级的。2003年,比亚迪耗资过亿,造出了<span style="color: black;">第1</span>款新车,内部代号316。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">兴奋的王传福,邀请全国经销商来参观,换来的是一片摇头。一怒之下,王传福挥起了铁锤。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那一天,天空飘着小雨,又阴又冷,所有人的心情都跌至了冰点。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但这个读遍了汽车类书籍,声<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>造车就像造玩具的男人,并<span style="color: black;">无</span>放弃。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他<span style="color: black;">火速</span>吸取了教训,在模仿丰田花冠的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,造出了比亚迪F3。这款<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span>席卷全国,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一代神车,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>造就了比亚迪的销量冠军。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNtVTiaL781iaxTX05ETL9q0icbs0FhHzK33Mh3zu3iaHZxB5gyChUibBbJQDA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">故事<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>到此结束,那今天的国产车,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只不<span style="color: black;">太多</span>了一个燃油车巨头。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">暂时向现实妥协的王传福,并<span style="color: black;">无</span>忘记自己的伟大梦想。2007年,在深圳坪山基地落成仪式上,他语出惊人:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">将来</span>是混合动力、电动车的天下。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNtqbUH1ficMCPlic4iaqDVHKibAIkfxnuykr3zzBzibhbM9bZsHylHZicvULew/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是比亚迪首次<span style="color: black;">知道</span>自己的新能源战略。但王传福在电动车上的布局,早在造车之前就<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2004年,比亚迪微电子成立。两年后,比亚迪电动汽车<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所成立。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种按部就班的谋局布子,在2008年<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">忽然</span>提速。那一年,比亚迪推出<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>首款量产插电式混合动力汽车F3DM。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第二年,比亚迪一口气采购了200多吨磷酸铁锂,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>当时全球最大的卖家。<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>,还布局锂矿,杀进光伏产业。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在燃油车一统天下的年代,比亚迪在电动车链条上的布局,几乎领先了一个时代。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>正是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这种领先,让它承受了巨大的压力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以IGBT芯片为例。2005年,比亚迪刚组建IGBT<span style="color: black;">开发</span>团队时,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>车规级市场,几乎看不到任何需求。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">三年后,当它收购宁波中纬,准备自己生产芯片时,质疑声排山倒海而来。在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人看来,比亚迪接手了<span style="color: black;">一月</span>亏5000万的大窟窿,一个看不到任何盈利<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>的烂摊子。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">比这些质疑声更可怕的,是来<span style="color: black;">自动</span>业和市场的否定。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2011年9月,在中国汽车产业发展论坛上,比亚迪遭到了众人炮轰,一位专家愤慨道:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“政府对发展电动车这么激进,比亚迪是有责任的!”</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">言外之意,比亚迪将汽车行业引向了电动车的歧途。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">在会场之外,比亚迪<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>四面楚歌:<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的激进扩张,<span style="color: black;">诱发</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>的质量投诉,<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>销量暴跌、股价暴跌,经销商集体退网……<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>认为,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">比亚迪要完蛋了。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些变故集中爆发,超出了王传福的预期。更糟的是,他期盼的那个“电动车的天下”,<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>到来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事实上,即便三年后的2014年,新能源汽车政策落地,电动车<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>立刻爆发,反倒是燃油车<span style="color: black;">持续</span>井喷。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这个漫长的产业等待期里,王传福只能一边目送吉利、长安绝尘而去,一边用燃油车赚来的钱,艰难地维系着自己的电动汽车梦。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但这种<span style="color: black;">保持</span>和隐忍,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>让比亚迪炼出了刀片电池、DM-i混动等技术,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>在电动车时代到来时,全面爆发。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/K0g7vVJN2y8zm0n3mNFjaQwZ5yCgVBNtkDNSbKQNRq9OKfGf9vGMIqpUhZiaXZ6mmZOrkyia3qWh8QdBMUe7Fqng/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">为了梦想,与现实妥协,在妥协中,又不忘<span style="color: black;">保持</span>自己的梦想。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>哲学,在过去20年,被王传福和比亚迪演绎到了极致。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">电池是电动车的核心技术。当年,通用汽车之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>放弃电动车,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>锂电池技术还<span style="color: black;">不足</span>成熟。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在锂电池<span style="color: black;">行业</span>,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>存在磷酸铁锂和三元锂电池两种技术路线之争。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选哪条路,在比亚迪内部曾有过<span style="color: black;">歧义</span>。2005年,数名技术高管在董事长办公室,与王传福展开了激辩。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">她们</span>看来,三元锂电池能量密度高,更有前途。但王传福认为,三元锂电池用到<span style="color: black;">海量</span>钴和镍,都是中国稀缺的,将来大规模商用时,会被卡脖子。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">从大学<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,王传福与电池打了半辈子交道。他最后拍了板:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“比亚迪<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>做磷酸铁锂,在中国、在世界才有出路。”</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但他的这个判断,在现实中却先后数次遭到打脸。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">先是加拿大魁北克水电<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,向中国发起了磷酸铁锂专利战。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">紧接着,国家新能源<span style="color: black;">补助</span>政策纳入能量密度指标,三元锂电池<span style="color: black;">起始</span>井喷,而磷酸铁锂电池<span style="color: black;">持续</span>被边缘化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">受此影响,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">比亚迪将动力电池的王座拱手让给了宁德时代。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在现实面前,比亚迪再次<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了妥协,它<span style="color: black;">无</span>固执于磷酸铁锂,而是<span style="color: black;">同期</span>生产两种电池。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但妥协的另一面,则是不忘坚守。即便被大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>车企抛弃,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>只剩下自己孤军奋战,比亚迪<span style="color: black;">亦</span>从未放弃对磷酸铁锂电池的再<span style="color: black;">开发</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>,凭借2020年<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的刀片电池,比亚迪以一己之力,将磷酸铁锂电池拉了回来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">比亚迪的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>哲学,最极致地<span style="color: black;">表现</span>在它的外观设计上。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,比亚迪的车型设计都被认为“土得掉渣”,尤其是那独树一帜的汉字按键。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">没</span>论吐槽再多,王传福依旧我行我素,</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“中国人要有骨气和<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>……<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>用?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就这么走,错就错了。”</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">王传福对汉字的情结,或许源自他<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的一次出国经历。当时,他到国外出差,对方海关执意要看他的返程机票,生怕他赖在国外。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这让他感觉受到了侮辱,事后,他撂下了一句狠话:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“让我留下我都不愿意。”</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但即便固执如此,该妥协的时候,王传福却丝毫不<span style="color: black;">模糊</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2016年,王传福从<span style="color: black;">公众</span>挖来沃尔夫冈·艾格,担任比亚迪<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>设计总监,并在深圳打造了一座先进的<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>设计中心——黑水晶。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">艾格的加盟,为比亚迪带来了全然<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的新设计语言。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从宋MAX<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,比亚迪汉、仰望U8……被人吐槽了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>年的比亚迪,<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>脱胎换骨,<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了一系列令人尖叫的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从技术到品牌,当比亚迪补上设计这块最后的短板时,它的爆发<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就水到渠<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">技术创新,讲究的是节奏。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">任正非曾说过:领先半步是先进,领先三步成先烈。科技史上,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>布局太超前,死在半路上的<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">不可胜数</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">比亚迪在电动车赛道上的布局,几乎领先了一个时代,却<span style="color: black;">最后</span>活了下来,这在很大程度上,得益于它既懂<span style="color: black;">保持</span>又懂妥协的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>哲学。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而这套哲学的精神之源,正是王传福。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>标榜自己“搞自然科学出身”的<span style="color: black;">公司</span>掌门人,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论从哪个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>看,都更像是一个技术控。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>读书,办公室的书架上,堆满了技术类的书籍。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他的生活很单调,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>工作12个小时,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>时间都待在工厂、实验室,和工人们<span style="color: black;">一块</span>抓<span style="color: black;">开发</span>进度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">王传福很享受这种身份,不管什么场合、见任何领导,都<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>穿工服戴工牌。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对技术的痴狂,让王传福对自己的眼光和能力非常自信,有时<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>表现为是自负。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">他曾经说过:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“我不相信<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>中国人造不出最好的汽车。”</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他更蔑视西方的技术壁垒,在他看来,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>对手给后来者营造的一种产业恐吓,让其知难而退。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">当台积电创始人张忠谋断言,大陆<span style="color: black;">便是</span>以举国之力,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很难造出顶级芯片时,他回怼道:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">芯片又不是神造的,而是人造出来的!</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的自信,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>让王传福在比亚迪内部,说一不二。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当年决定进军汽车产业时,有记者曾问他,这是你个人的决定,还是集体讨论的结果?王传福答道:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“我的意见<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>管理层的意见。”</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自信的人,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>都很固执、不懂得妥协。但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你据此认为,王传福<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的人,那就大错特错了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事实上,自信并<span style="color: black;">无</span>让王传福变得死板。只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,他的妥协里总带着几分技术控的执拗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">据彭博社<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,王传福早年曾去香港见投资人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">路上,这位董事长被下属<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,捯饬一下自己的外表。而他的<span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>是:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">花几美元,从路边小贩那里买了一件新衬衫。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">巴菲特的搭档查理·芒格,曾经<span style="color: black;">这般</span>形容王传福:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“这家伙简直是爱迪生和韦尔奇的混合体。他既能像爱迪生那样<span style="color: black;">处理</span>技术问题,又能像韦尔奇那样把要做的事情搞定。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人光<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到前一点,却<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>了后一点。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">对<span style="color: black;">公司</span>家来讲,光有梦想还<span style="color: black;">不足</span>,还要能把事情搞定。为此,他<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>自己能做,<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>助于现实。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>这种妥协,比亚迪不可能熬过漫长的产业等待期。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2008年,王传福曾吹过一个牛:比亚迪2025年要做到<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这个牛,王传福被嘲笑了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>年。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其实,早在2003年,在“忽悠”技术专家廉玉波加盟比亚迪时,王传福就给他讲过这个梦想。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">十几年前,在中国汽车产业敢吹这种牛的,王传福恐怕是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>人。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">彼时的王传福,多少有些心虚。2010年,为了迎接巴菲特来访,他组织了50多人的接机团,并亲自给后者当司机。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">到了上海车展,王传福却<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>爆棚,他<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">不顾及</span><span style="color: black;">巨豪</span>身份,自己挤<span style="color: black;">轻轨</span>去车展。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但挤<span style="color: black;">轻轨</span>的王传福,显然令对手更加害怕。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从2002年决定做车,到2022一鸣惊人,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>中国第<span style="color: black;">1、</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>第三大市值车企,以及<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>能源冠军,再到如今的仰望。只争朝夕的王传福用7000多个日夜,改变了中国汽车业,改变了世界汽车业,并且还在改变<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">—END—</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">往期首席</strong></p>
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