机械密封的故障表现、泄漏的原由及处理办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> <span style="color: black;">1、</span>机械密封的故障在零件上的表现</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、密封端面的故障：磨损、热裂、变形、破损(尤其是非金属密封端面)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、弹簧的故障：松弛、断裂和腐蚀。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、辅助密封圈的故障：装配性的故障有掉块、裂口、碰伤、卷边和扭曲;非装配性的故障有变形、硬化、破裂和变质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">机械密封故障在运行中表现为振动、发热、磨损，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>以介质泄漏的形式<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240312/52b1bd09eec14405aa2d37a01f16d63f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">奥赛罗机械密封</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>机械密封振动、发热的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>分析及处理</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、动静环端面粗糙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、动静环与密封腔的间隙太小，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>振摆<span style="color: black;">导致</span>碰撞。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：增大密封腔内径或减小转动件外径，<span style="color: black;">最少</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>0.75mm的间隙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、密封端面耐腐蚀和耐温性能不良，摩擦副配对<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：更改动静环材料，使其耐温，耐腐蚀。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、冷却不足或端面在安装时夹有颗粒杂质。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：增大冷却液管道管径或<span style="color: black;">加强</span>液压。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240312/c60626ddd1c9452392f4135c453063d9.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">化工泵用机械密封</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>机械密封泄漏的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>分析及处理</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 1、静压<span style="color: black;">实验</span>时泄漏</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)密封端面安装时被碰伤、变形、损坏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)密封端面安装时，清理不净，夹有颗粒状杂质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)密封端面<span style="color: black;">因为</span>定位螺钉松动或<span style="color: black;">无</span>拧紧，压盖(静止型的静环组件为压板)<span style="color: black;">无</span>压紧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)<span style="color: black;">设备</span>、设备精度<span style="color: black;">不足</span>，使密封面<span style="color: black;">无</span>完全贴合。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)动静环密封圈未被压紧或压缩量<span style="color: black;">不足</span>或损坏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)动静环V型密封圈方向装反。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(7)<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是轴套漏，则是轴套密封圈装配时未被压紧或压缩量<span style="color: black;">不足</span>或损坏。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：应加强装配时的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、清洗，严格按技术<span style="color: black;">需求</span>装配。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 2、周期性或阵发性泄漏</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)转子组件轴向窜动量太大。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：<span style="color: black;">调节</span>推力轴承，使轴的窜动量不大于0.25mm。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)转子组件周期性振动。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：找出<span style="color: black;">原由</span>并予以消除。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)密封腔内压力经常大幅度变化。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：稳定工艺<span style="color: black;">前提</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"> 3、经常性泄漏</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)<span style="color: black;">因为</span>密封端面缺陷<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的经常性泄漏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">a、弹簧压缩量(机械密封压缩量)太小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">b、弹簧压缩量太大，石墨动环龟裂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">c、密封端面宽度太小，密封效果差。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：增大密封端面宽度，并相应增大弹簧<span style="color: black;">功效</span>力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">d、<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>密封环的浮动性能太差(密封圈太硬或久用硬化或压缩量太小，<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>密封环的间隙过小)。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：对<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>密封环间隙过小的，增大<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>密封环的间隙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">e、镶装或粘接动、静环的接合缝泄漏(镶装工艺差，存在残余变形;材料不均匀;粘接剂不均、变形)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">f、动、静环<span style="color: black;">损害</span>或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>裂纹。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">g、密封端面严重磨损，<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>能力消失。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">h、动、静环密封端面变形(端面所受弹簧<span style="color: black;">功效</span>力太大，摩擦增大产生热变形或偏磨;密封零件结构不<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>，强度<span style="color: black;">不足</span>，受力后变形;<span style="color: black;">因为</span>加工工艺<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，密封零件有残余变形;安装时用力不均<span style="color: black;">导致</span>变形)。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：更换有缺陷的或已损坏的密封环。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">i、动、静环密封端面与轴中心线垂直度偏差过大，动、静环密封端面相对平行度偏差过大。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：<span style="color: black;">调节</span>密封端面。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240312/ab56a9dcf6a54ca1a16a1f9e702fab46.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">泵用机封现场应用</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)由辅助密封圈<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的经常性泄漏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">a、密封圈的材料不对，耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐温、抗老化性能太差，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>过早<span style="color: black;">出现</span>变形、硬化、破裂、溶解等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">b、O型密封圈的压缩量不对，太大时容易装坏;太小密封效果<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">c、安装密封圈的轴(或轴套)、密封端盖和密封腔，在O型密封圈推进的表面有毛刺，倒角<span style="color: black;">不但</span>滑或角倒圆<span style="color: black;">不足</span>大。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：对毛刺和<span style="color: black;">不但</span>滑的倒角应适当修整平滑，适当加大圆弧和倒角，并修整平滑。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">d、O型密封圈<span style="color: black;">出现</span>掉块、裂口、碰坏、卷边或扭曲变形。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：<span style="color: black;">重视</span>清洗橡胶圈不要用汽油、煤油;装配密封圈时<span style="color: black;">重视</span>理顺。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<span style="color: black;">因为</span>弹簧缺陷<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的泄漏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">a、弹簧端面偏斜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">b、多弹簧型机械密封，各弹簧之间的自由高度差太大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)<span style="color: black;">因为</span>其它零件<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的经常性泄漏，如传动、紧定和止推零件质量<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>或松动<span style="color: black;">导致</span>泄漏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)<span style="color: black;">因为</span>转子<span style="color: black;">导致</span>经常性泄漏，如转子振动<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的泄漏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(6)<span style="color: black;">因为</span>机械密封辅助<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的经常性泄漏，如冲洗冷却液流量太小或太大;压力太小或过大;注液方向或位置不对;注液质量<span style="color: black;">不良</span>，有杂质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(7)<span style="color: black;">因为</span>介质的问题<span style="color: black;">导致</span>经常性泄漏。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">a、介质里含有悬浮性微粒或结晶，因<span style="color: black;">长期</span>积聚，堵塞在动环与轴之间，弹簧之间，弹簧与弹簧座之间等，使<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>密封环<span style="color: black;">不可</span>浮动，失去<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>缓冲<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">b、介质里的悬浮微粒或结晶堵在密封端面间，使密封端面贴合<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>并<span style="color: black;">快速</span>磨损。处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：开车前要先打开冲洗冷却阀门，过一段时间再盘车、开车，再开大冲洗冷却液;适当<span style="color: black;">加强</span>介质入口温度;<span style="color: black;">加强</span>介质过滤和分离的效果等。</p>
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