烟台话里的“白菜”和“菠菜”读音相近，当地人怎么样区分？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白菜和菠菜，是两种很<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的蔬菜，尤其是在冬季的北方，算是餐桌上的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>应季菜品。这两种蔬菜，一大一小，一白一绿，从外观上很容易区分，但读音上有<span style="color: black;">类似</span>之处，有时容易混淆。这一点，在普通话的语境下不是问题，但在烟台话里，就<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>误读。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>，一个<span style="color: black;">外区</span>的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>在冬季来到烟台点餐吃饭，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>遇到的是中年以上的当地老板，当他要说点一盘“炒bo菜”的时候，老板<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>可能会上一盘炒白菜。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在当<span style="color: black;">地区</span>言里，白菜和菠菜，都读作“bo”菜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，不仅白（bai）在烟台话中读作bo，就连北（bei）<span style="color: black;">亦</span>读作bo，“到北马路买白菜”，这句话读起来<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“到bo马路买bo菜”。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/65226a54f11a472aa491e09f31fcafb3~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1721495596&x-signature=gQ0wT7Rbhu1i6U0uXDmzbwv2o%2Fw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（白菜）</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">烟台话中的这个现象，早就被语言学家们所<span style="color: black;">重视</span>。上世纪修撰的《烟台市志》<span style="color: black;">其中</span>，曾专门<span style="color: black;">说到</span>这一点，将之总结为：“普通话中带有ai、ei等韵母的字，在方言中<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会转为ε。”ε在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的发音，不是o，其实更接近ə。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了白和北的例子之外，拍、麦、塞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是类似的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。拍照片，用烟台话读起来<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“泊照片”，麦子读作“么子”，塞牙读作“涩牙”。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/7e147553881a4571a33637caffd72eeb~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1721495596&x-signature=0AibPc2xP8ybKNG13pZDMFiAa3U%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（白菜馅）</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">既然白菜和菠菜读音很很近，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>烟台人又是怎么区分它们呢？就笔者仅见，大概有两种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，是在白菜的前面加上一个大字。大白菜虽然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是白菜的一个正式<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>呼，但平时人们说简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>。而为了区别菠菜，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>烟台人就把白（bo）菜叫做大“bo”菜。而菠菜本身<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的大菠菜，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">说到</span>大“bo”菜，指的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>白菜。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/cfccfe988e1c4c0f85501664b66e3a68~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1721495596&x-signature=7o3rkdyJb%2FWaEz8KQ25%2F4UbhdlY%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（刚出苗的菠菜）</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>把白菜叫做bo菜，而把原来的菠菜叫做红根菜<span style="color: black;">或</span>红根菠菜。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，红根菜本来就算是菠菜的别<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>三个字毕竟要比两个字麻烦<span style="color: black;">有些</span>，能叫菠菜的时候，<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>不叫红根菜。而在烟台，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>白菜的关系，红根菜的<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>呼就更<span style="color: black;">广泛</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/e7897289738f495a953950e89b34821f~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1721495596&x-signature=B0%2BK5%2BYxfnkm4x4pfAfCXrBu1ts%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（菠菜）</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上两种方式，是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>改字眼的方式将两种蔬菜进行区分。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>非要从读音上区别的话，慢点说其实<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能听明白。白菜和菠菜在烟台话中虽然都读作“bo”菜，但前者读作二声bó，而后者读作一声bō<span style="color: black;">或</span>四声bò。当然，这种区别方式是<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">熟练</span>烟台话的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>而言，<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">外区</span>的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，还是说大白菜<span style="color: black;">或</span>红根菠菜更好<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。</p>
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