m5k1umn 发表于 2024-5-29 21:00:21

赵军专家肺癌科普月直播回顾与留言答疑


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年11月16日,与癌共舞论坛有幸邀请到北京大学肿瘤医院胸部肿瘤内科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>赵军教授为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>讲解了肺癌治疗中化疗的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>以及<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的误区有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>,并<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>针对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>提出的问题进行了专业的线上答疑,干货满满!直播受到了广大<span style="color: black;">病友</span>的热烈反馈,特此全程回顾直播精选内容。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">主讲:赵军</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">主持:Keenman</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">专家介绍</p>
    <div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-e6445f3c7da779038c729f19d58e8932_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">直播回顾</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01化疗仍是肺癌治疗的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>的肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>化疗这种治疗方式确实心存恐惧。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实化疗在不同的治疗<span style="color: black;">周期</span>有不同的治疗目的。<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在手术前后的围手术期进行化疗,目的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是创造手术机会、减少微残留灶和术后复发。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肺癌III期的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>,放化疗的结合<span style="color: black;">能够</span>起到根治性的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>IV期的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>说的“晚期”的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,虽然<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>有了非常多的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>驱动基因阳性(即有“突变”)的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,可能靶向药是首选,但还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>是对靶向药原发耐药的,只能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>化疗。还有免疫治疗中PD-L1低表达的人群,还是要<span style="color: black;">运用</span>化疗联合免疫治疗。即使是PD-L1高表达人群,采用化疗和PD1单抗来进行联合的话,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫治疗的疗效的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,从<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的临床诊疗指南上看,化疗还是一个非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的治疗手段。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02肿瘤增殖越快,化疗效果可能越好</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗,顾名思义<span style="color: black;">便是</span>化学治疗。化疗的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>确实可能会给<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>带来<span style="color: black;">有些</span>毒性,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>它<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>和目的是什么?化疗<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是杀伤<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>增殖比较快的细胞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>正常的细胞是<span style="color: black;">根据</span>一定的周期去更新换代的,<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的皮肤细胞。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>肿瘤细胞处在一个<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的增殖状态,增殖的速度会比正常细胞快<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>就会在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>相应的脏器里面产生了一个<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增殖的肿物。而化疗<span style="color: black;">便是</span>专门杀伤这些增殖期的细胞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就像<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>剃头发似的:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>拿一个卡尺量一寸长的头发,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>有些头发增殖快就长到两寸了。<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>拿着卡尺筛过一遍,剃掉的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>这些过长的头发。化疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是类似的机理。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,细胞增殖越快,化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>对它的杀伤效能就可能越高。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>病理免疫组化会查一个叫Ki67的指标,这是检测肿瘤细胞增殖比率的指标。Ki67越高,对化疗的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是越强的。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>的小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>上腔静脉压迫<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>,憋喘得非常厉害,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>可能用一次化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,当天<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">次日</span>,颜面浮肿和憋气等<span style="color: black;">情况</span>就会<span style="color: black;">火速</span>改善。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有时候,有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>真正感受到了化疗的这种神奇疗效,反而会说:哦,化疗真神奇,给我的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>带来了非常好的缓解。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,当你的肿瘤是一个增殖快的肿瘤的时候,化疗的疗效<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是非常好的。像淋巴瘤、小细胞肺癌,<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>低分化的腺癌、低分化鳞癌,转移非常快的这些肿瘤,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>化疗会取得很好的疗效。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">03化疗副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>可防<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可控</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">另一方面,化疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是把双刃剑,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>过度夸大化疗的疗效。就像我在门诊<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会跟病人讲:其实<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>做任何一个治疗,要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的都是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的获益和所承担的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗的毒性<span style="color: black;">包含</span>白细胞的下降、头发的脱落、肝肾功能的损害,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>神经的毒性会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>四肢的麻木等。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的血液细胞、造血机能<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的骨髓细胞,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>增殖快的细胞,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>会对它们有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>影响。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>这些毒性,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>都会采取<span style="color: black;">有些</span>预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>或强有力的<span style="color: black;">解救</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>毒性较小的新化疗药在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>涌现。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>说化疗的恶心呕吐,可能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">大众</span>最担心的化疗毒性之一。有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>一想到化疗就觉得:哎呀,我可能会吐得死去活来的。但这<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是20年前的事情。就算在那个年代,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>非常便宜的胃复安联合地塞米松,再加<span style="color: black;">有些</span>五羟色胺受体<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂来改善症状。像顺铂这类致吐性最强的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,止吐的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>率<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到80%,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说80%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是不会呕吐的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有更好的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>了,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>说像阿瑞吡坦这一类的<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>非常强有力的止吐<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>特殊病人,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会再加<span style="color: black;">有些</span>激素类的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的话,基本上90%以上的病人的呕吐都是<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">况且,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是所有的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都会致吐,顺铂和阿霉素这一类的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>致吐性会强<span style="color: black;">有些</span>,但肺癌常用的培美曲塞、吉西他滨等<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>恶心呕吐的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的概率是非常小的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>化疗的骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>来讲,可能还会有<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的处理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>有升白针、升血小板针、升红细胞<span style="color: black;">药品</span>等。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这些<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的治疗,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>其实是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>改善的。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>并不是说每一个<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>严重的骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>面对病人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要对治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>进行一个综合的考量。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">04什么样的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>适合化疗</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我经常会跟<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的病人讲:化疗就像一场拳击比赛。<span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>要有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的抗击打能力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>说,我是一个重量级选手,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>被打一两拳<span style="color: black;">亦</span>毫发<span style="color: black;">没</span>伤。化疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有些<span style="color: black;">青春</span>体壮的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是蒙古族的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,平时身体非常强壮,做化疗基本上<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何反应,连骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>都不会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>说,身体底子越好,化疗的毒性其实会越小。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>正因如此,有的时候病人总是撑着不愿意做化疗,我都会劝他们:当你等到吃到最后一颗靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,身体衰弱到<span style="color: black;">无</span>抗击打能力的时候,您再推着轮椅过来<span style="color: black;">或</span>推着平车过来,插着氧气跟我说“赵<span style="color: black;">医生</span>,我想做化疗了”——<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候<span style="color: black;">已然</span>晚了,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>你的身体<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>够耐受化疗了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>在医疗行业中,有<span style="color: black;">无</span>一个标准来判断<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">是否</span>能耐受化疗呢?其实<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有一个ECOG评分标准,简单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>要求<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">白日</span>非<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>时间中有一半时间要能够下地活动。当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>例外<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>这个病人平时体力<span style="color: black;">情况</span>很好,但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>特殊<span style="color: black;">原由</span>骨折了,或<span style="color: black;">由于</span>腰椎间盘的问题起不来了,这些<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>酌情去考量。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>考量<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的心肺功能、肝肾功能,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>都是要经过肝脏的代谢,最后由肾脏排出的,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肝肾功能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>问题就可能是化疗的禁忌症。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>还有血象,白细胞、血小板要处在良好的状态,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>够合并感染。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是细胞毒类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,会影响<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的免疫力,有可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>免疫力下降。有时候,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>病人,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是吸烟的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>合并慢性支气管炎,平时总要用抗菌素,一到秋冬季更要反复<span style="color: black;">运用</span>抗菌素。在这种前提下,病人做化疗其实是很危险的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>他的气道内<span style="color: black;">已然</span>定植了耐药菌,即使平时不发病,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的免疫力低下的时候,就会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>爆发性的肺炎。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这类的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>化疗的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>就会更高。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>要采取相应的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>预防性地采取升白细胞的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,不要让他的免疫力降下去,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会用胸腺法新等<span style="color: black;">加强</span>免疫力,让<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">安稳</span>度过化疗周期。当然,在化疗用药的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>上,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>特殊的用药,如骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>轻<span style="color: black;">有些</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的副反应相对小一点。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上这些其实是告诉<span style="color: black;">大众</span>,在化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>制定中,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的经验是非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的,在面对每一个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>时,都会有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的量体裁衣。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">05<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肺癌化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>把肺癌分成小细胞肺癌和非小细胞肺癌。在小细胞肺癌里面,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>最常用的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>EP<span style="color: black;">方法</span>和EC<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">EP<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>顺铂联合依托泊苷,EC<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>卡铂联合依托泊苷。这两个<span style="color: black;">方法</span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国际上诊疗指南<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>的小细胞肺癌治疗的标准<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>什么时候用EP,什么时候用EC呢?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>局限期的小细胞肺癌,有的时候要同步进行放化疗,此时<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会担心<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>会<span style="color: black;">选取</span>EP<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,用顺铂来<span style="color: black;">做为</span>这种组合用药。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>顺铂相对<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>对白细胞的影响比较小,有助于同步放化疗的顺利进行,且避免<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>重叠的毒性。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>是广泛期的小细胞肺癌,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>老年的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>可能就会给他<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>EC<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>卡铂不<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>输液,其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>副反应<span style="color: black;">便是</span>骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>、血小板下降、白细胞下降,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>这些副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>升白和预防血小板下降的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>来改善。相比之下,顺铂化疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的恶心呕吐和<span style="color: black;">海量</span>输液给老年人肾功能带来的<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>则是一个欠缺。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>非小细胞肺癌,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>把它分成鳞癌和非鳞癌。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鳞癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>常用的<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>紫杉醇类的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。紫杉醇又<span style="color: black;">包含</span>多西紫杉醇和白蛋白结合型紫杉醇。在疗效和毒性方面,白蛋白结合型紫杉醇<span style="color: black;">日前</span>在鳞癌治疗中的效果可能是最好的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它采用了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>纳米技术,使它进入肿瘤细胞的浓度更高,但给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来的毒性反而更小。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">吉西他滨联合铂类<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是非常好的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>鳞癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>后期耐药以后,诊疗指南中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">包含</span>替吉奥(S-1)、长春瑞滨在内<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行解救治疗。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>腺癌和其它类型,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就把它统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为非鳞癌,其中<span style="color: black;">包含</span>大细胞肺癌和<span style="color: black;">有些</span>少见的癌的类型。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,非鳞癌<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">选择</span>的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>培美曲塞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一方面,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>认为培美曲塞<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>更好的疗效<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,病情缓解的时间会更长,另一方面,培美曲塞还兼具了毒性非常小的特点,<span style="color: black;">出现</span>严重骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>的概率是远远<span style="color: black;">小于</span>多西他赛的。有一项二线治疗的单药<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,多西他赛单药<span style="color: black;">出现</span>严重的3-4级骨髓<span style="color: black;">控制</span>的概率将近40%,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>培美曲塞<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的概率不到5%。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>年老体弱的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,培美曲塞单药治疗可能是一个很好的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>耐药后的后线治疗中,多西他赛和白蛋白结合型紫杉醇<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,而在解救治疗里,伊利替康<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一个可选的<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">06化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>上,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要看病理类型的区分,看是小细胞肺癌还是非小细胞肺癌,是鳞癌还是腺癌。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的身体<span style="color: black;">情况</span>。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>本身有糖尿病,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>产生了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>末梢神经的病变,如手脚麻木,此时,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>就要避免<span style="color: black;">运用</span>紫杉醇类的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,顺铂有肾毒性,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肾功能不全或肌酐清除率比较低的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,就要<span style="color: black;">小心</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,顺铂还有耳毒性,有些老年<span style="color: black;">病人</span>本身就听力下降,再打顺铂就会加重听神经的损害。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>容易过敏,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>要<span style="color: black;">小心</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>紫杉醇。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>紫杉醇的赋形剂蓖麻油会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>过敏。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,白蛋白紫杉醇就好<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>用激素来预处理以预防过敏。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有糖尿病,血糖<span style="color: black;">常常</span>很不稳定。但化疗后剧烈呕吐<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>低血糖,而止吐时<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的激素又会让血糖<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的血糖就会忽高忽低、很难控制。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有糖尿病的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,就要<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>少用<span style="color: black;">必须</span>用激素来预处理的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总之,化疗是一门学问,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">累积</span>的<span style="color: black;">海量</span>经验。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>细致的问题,<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>关注我的抖音号“赵军<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>讲肺癌”。我用了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时间和精力,为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>录制了200多个视频,<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>把它当作科普和教科书去看,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>收获。</p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"> 专家答疑</h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问1</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">患者肺腺癌IV期伴骨转移,EGFR21L858突变,一代药耐药后,<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>奥希替尼<span style="color: black;">没</span>效。现做化疗。请问:化疗后还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>再吃一代靶向药吗?<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一代不行,吃二代达克替尼<span style="color: black;">能够</span>吗?还是中药治疗?感谢!</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实这个问题是一个非常<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>问题。我先给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>解释一下靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的治疗机理机理。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>做了基因检测,就会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有一个突变丰度,如70%或80%。它的含义是说,在一个肿瘤的瘤体里有突变的细胞所占的比例。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>EGFR突变是红色的豆子,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>这个瘤体里可能还掺有黄色的、黑色的豆子。不同的颜色<span style="color: black;">表率</span>了不同的基因类型和靶点。<span style="color: black;">无</span>一个肿瘤里面100%都是某一种突变的细胞。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">便是</span>把红豆都打掉,剩下的可能是绿豆、黑豆、黄豆等。而化疗的目的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>不加区分地清扫这些肿瘤细胞。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>化疗的原理是杀伤增殖快的细胞,只要细胞恶性度高、增殖速度超越了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>正常的组织细胞的话,化疗<span style="color: black;">一般</span>就会起到相应的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,而不管这个肿瘤细胞是什么颜色的豆子(突变类型)。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗有可能把靶向治疗后<span style="color: black;">有些</span>残留或耐药的肿瘤细胞杀灭,并带来了瘤体的缩小。之后<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤又进展了,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">特别有</span>可能还是驱动基因在发挥<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。此时,当然最好是再进行一个基因检测,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>之前是一个EGFR突变携带者,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>再次<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这种突变的可能性是很大的,完全有可能再吃回一代药。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>,基因检测仍然是非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>肿瘤的再次<span style="color: black;">发展</span>是以红色还是绿色的豆子为主,便于<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>采取不同的策略。化疗可能改变肿瘤中主克隆的类型,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">无</span>带来<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的缓解,肿瘤还是这么大,耐药细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>没被打掉,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>再次<span style="color: black;">运用</span>同一种靶向药的有效率就比较小了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问2</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">能够接受化疗的标准是什么?<span style="color: black;">例如</span>说身高、体重值、精神状态<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等等。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>接受化疗,身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>什么<span style="color: black;">情况</span>时应该停止?病人家属从表面上能加以判断吗?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军主任</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个问题其实刚才我<span style="color: black;">亦</span>给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>介绍了:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>平时用一个ECOG评分标准,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>体能状态评分,来初步判断<span style="color: black;">病人</span>适不适合化疗。这个状态评分<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">白日</span>非<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>时间有一半时间<span style="color: black;">能够</span>下地活动,这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接受化疗。这是最低标准。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的身高、体重会影响到化疗的用量,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是按体表面积来计算的,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>身高高、体重重的人算出的体表面积就会大,相应地,用的剂量<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会大<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">至于<span style="color: black;">起始</span>化疗以后,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>什么样的<span style="color: black;">情况</span>应该停止,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的化疗2~3天就结束了,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>在这个2~3天里,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>最常遇到的<span style="color: black;">必须</span>停药的特殊<span style="color: black;">状况</span>就<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>发烧,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>最担心的禁忌症<span style="color: black;">便是</span>感染,此时化疗就<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要停止。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>化疗过程中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>难以耐受的毒性,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>打化疗的过程中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了严重过敏,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了低血压休克的话,是<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要停药的。还有<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>不可逆的神经毒性,<span style="color: black;">或</span>短期之内<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了肾功能的急剧<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属从表面上是很难判断的,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>还是要依靠化验和<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问3</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗后白细胞很高,连续几天检测都超过标准值上限,病人体感<span style="color: black;">亦</span>良好,此时还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>打升白针吗?另,听说化疗联合靶向药能延缓耐药,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>不让继续吃靶向药、吃靶向药就吃到耐药才给化疗呢?感谢!</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span> </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>和靶向药治疗的关系,其实在医学界<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>的论的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">刚才我讲到了,化疗<span style="color: black;">重点</span>杀伤增殖周期的肿瘤细胞,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>靶向药可能会让肿瘤的细胞的周期停止,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>说有些肿瘤细胞就不会进入增殖期了,此时就可能会影响化疗的疗效,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>不<span style="color: black;">意见</span>化疗和靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>应用。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>在<span style="color: black;">近期</span>的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>里面,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>确实看到<span style="color: black;">包含</span>EGFR在内的基因突变人群,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>靶向和化疗的联合,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的时间,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>这并不是说能够延长它的整体<span style="color: black;">存活</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>日本的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,化疗联合靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的设计存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的缺陷性,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>并不是非常认可。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>人群适合靶向和化疗的联合,其实还是有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>指征的,<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>获益比较短的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行联合,当然联合的时候<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>方式,不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>联合化疗,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>联合抗血管生成治疗,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>说,“在化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>要不要停靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>”其实是有非常多的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>场景的,如说有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在奥希替尼耐药后可能做化疗了,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>他的脑部病灶<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>很好,肺部病灶<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很好,只是肝脏和骨头<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了转移,此时<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>会让病人先继续化疗,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>暂时不要停,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>仍然<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>着一部分病灶,一旦停药可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>反弹。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>脏器,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>脑转移的病灶,就有可能出现危及生命的危险。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>化疗以后<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>了非常好的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>从毒性的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>考量,就可能<span style="color: black;">意见</span>他<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>把靶向药停下来。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问4</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">病人65周岁,女性,初始检测EGFR21突变,培美联合卡铂化疗5次后序贯易瑞沙32个月,耐药<span style="color: black;">出现</span>脑转移。先培美加奈达铂,化疗5次后盲试奥希替尼,奥希替尼11个月后复查原发和脑部病灶均<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。<span style="color: black;">没</span>法取组织,又担心血液检测不准。病人拒绝化疗,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>奥希替尼联合厄洛替尼治疗4天,请问,还有更好的治疗<span style="color: black;">意见</span>吗?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了原发灶和脑转移灶的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>多灶<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是寡<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>采取局部治疗,并继续<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>奥希替尼。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>多灶<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的病人,则要采取全身治疗的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">奥希替尼耐药后,重新做基因检测还是很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>脑转移<span style="color: black;">发展</span>很<span style="color: black;">显著</span>,肿瘤负荷比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的话,基因检测的阳性率还是比较高的。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,比较可能的是<span style="color: black;">显现</span>C-met扩增,<span style="color: black;">或</span>C797S突变。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>C797S突变一是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的概率并不是很高,二是它有顺式和反式的分别,所采取的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是完全不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>采取奥希替尼联合一代<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">是否</span>可行呢?其实能够有效的概率是很小的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这种联合用药只是针对C797S的反式突变,并且即使有效,整体的缓解时间<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是很长。此时,产生旁路激活的几率还是很大的,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>基因检测是有必要的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>拒绝化疗,奥希替尼又耐药怎么办呢?<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>做了一个<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>奥希替尼联合抗血管生成治疗。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>奥希替尼完全耐药了,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>在抗血管生成<span style="color: black;">药品</span>里面,联合贝伐单抗的话有效概率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不高,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>联合一个小分子<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,如阿帕替尼、安罗替尼等<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,其实整体的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>率还是比较高的,能达到40-50%。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>稳<span style="color: black;">按时</span>间最长的病人<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的联合用药,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>稳定了一年以上。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问5</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺腺癌1b期,低分化,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>手术,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>不<span style="color: black;">意见</span>放化疗,说<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>经济<span style="color: black;">前提</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>,吃上一两年靶向药。想咨询:这个分期<span style="color: black;">必须</span>吃靶向药吗?靶向药吃上<span style="color: black;">能够</span>停吗?<span style="color: black;">是否</span>靶向药吃的过早,会产生耐药,会反而<span style="color: black;">促进</span>癌细胞快速发展呢?感谢!</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个问题其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>“术后的病人要不要吃靶向药”的问题。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国的CSCO指南,有EGFR突变的人群在术后口服特罗凯或易瑞沙两年,可以延长<span style="color: black;">或</span>延缓<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>复发的时间。最新的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,奥希替尼用于Ib至IIIa期的术后<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">显著</span>延缓了术后复发。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,术后靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>辅助治疗到底适用于<span style="color: black;">那些</span>分期的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>呢?Ib至IIIa期的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都可能有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的获益,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>应该<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,这种术后“辅助治疗”只是<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>,并不是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>要用的,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,其实辅助治疗有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>人是获益的,有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>人手术切得很干净,做这个<span style="color: black;">便是</span>多余的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在下处方的时候要综合考量,权衡这种治疗的获益、<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要思考哪一类人群从术后辅助治疗中的获益可能是最大的。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,III期的病人复发概率是最高的,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是有EGFR突变的III期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,从术后辅助治疗中的获益可能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是最大的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>要再反过来想,当晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>靶向药后,有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的胃,肠道的粘膜、口腔、眼睑和毛发都<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>问题,靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>给<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>身体带来的<span style="color: black;">损害</span>是显而易见的,有的时候<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>会比化疗还难受。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在面对术后靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>辅助治疗时,还是要综合考量获益和<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的靶向治疗,只是延缓了术后复发,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>阳性结果告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>:趁早吃还是等复发再吃对我的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>更有改善。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>NGS二代测序技术越来越成熟了,检出的灵敏度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越高,有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>血液检测肿瘤的微残留。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么是微残留呢?<span style="color: black;">便是</span>当<span style="color: black;">病人</span>做完手术以后<span style="color: black;">通知</span>是I期的,术后<span style="color: black;">一月</span>再测一下血液,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>本身组织里面还有EGFR突变,<span style="color: black;">一月</span>以后还能检测到血液里有EGFR。这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤的微残留,说明<span style="color: black;">病人</span>身体里面还有癌细胞的,就<span style="color: black;">不可</span>沾沾自喜地认为自己是个I期。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>检测出来<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>微残留,就<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了一个<span style="color: black;">已然</span>根治的证据,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就应该更加<span style="color: black;">安然</span>地去面对生活。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问6</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自己</span>肺腺癌IV期,EGFR突变,18年4月份<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>特罗凯,<span style="color: black;">迄今</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>已两年半,<span style="color: black;">没</span>手术、化疗等经历。肿瘤缩小至1.5厘米后<span style="color: black;">始终</span>稳定不变,请问<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>手术或<span style="color: black;">经过</span>其他<span style="color: black;">办法</span>去除该肿瘤?感谢!</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是一个根治性治疗还是姑息性治疗的问题。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>IV期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是<span style="color: black;">无</span>根治机会的,采取手术治疗、射频消融<span style="color: black;">或</span>立体定向放疗等局部治疗手段是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span>要明白它的含义是姑息性的治疗,而不是根治。既然是姑息性的治疗,就要综合考量这个治疗<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>能<span style="color: black;">处理</span>什么样的问题,是缓解症状,还是说清除最后的寡病灶、减轻肿瘤负荷。还有<span style="color: black;">便是</span>要看这个治疗的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和毒性到底有多大。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>确实有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>证据告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论EGFR阳性还是ALK阳性的晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,对靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>良好的残留病灶进行<span style="color: black;">有些</span>局部治疗的话,是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的缓解时间,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长总<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>局部治疗创伤<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越小、有效性越来越高了,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>残留的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>病灶进行一个<span style="color: black;">选定</span>清除的话,可能会起到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的积极<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。只是说<span style="color: black;">大众</span>要平衡好获益和<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>提问7</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>65岁,肺腺癌IV期,EGFR21突变,骨转移、脑转移。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>伴有TP53突变。一代药有效7个多月,<span style="color: black;">发展</span>检测出T790M突变,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>奥希替尼4个月,原发灶继续<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>任何不适症状。请问<span style="color: black;">那样</span>下一步应<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>治疗呢?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵军<span style="color: black;">专家</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这确实是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>的一个治疗难点:EGFR突变的人群本来<span style="color: black;">运用</span>一代药的中位有效时间能达到10个月,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>有的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>只要6-7个月就<span style="color: black;">发展</span>了,换了三代药<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是如此。这些<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>是在突变基因之外还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>基因。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">针对这部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>要不要采取联合用药的方式,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>正在开展。今年的这个欧洲肿瘤年会上,有一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>用雷莫芦单抗联合靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。在后期分析中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,有TP53突变的人群,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>联合治疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长缓解时间。当然这种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>在国内还<span style="color: black;">无</span>上市。但我觉得是有可能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>联合抗血管治疗,延缓TP53突变人群的耐药的。这种A+T(抗血管生成<span style="color: black;">药品</span>联合酪氨酸激酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂)治疗,在普通人群<span style="color: black;">能够</span>延缓耐药大概半年的时间,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>给TP53突变的劣势人群加上抗血管<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是非常<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>像问题中这个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,奥希替尼<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>耐药,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>能检其他突变基因的概率很小,C797S突变的概率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常小,即使检出了,<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的治疗仍然会受到TP53突变的影响,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,只能化疗<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>安罗替尼,这是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>能够采用的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的治疗手段。当然,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>改变TP53才是重中之重。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>来讲,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>基因编辑等等治疗手段<span style="color: black;">可否</span>能够改变TP53突变,<span style="color: black;">将来</span>值得<span style="color: black;">开发</span>。当然,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看到了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>潜在的可能性。<span style="color: black;">近期</span>有一篇<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>讲到了肠道的菌群是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>改变TP53的,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>非常关注EGFR突变人群的肠道菌群有<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>特殊性,<span style="color: black;">可否</span>能够改变TP53突变的<span style="color: black;">伴同</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>。但这些仍是未知,能否落实到临床应用还有漫长的道路要走。</p>




nykek5i 发表于 2024-10-20 20:37:28

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4zhvml8 发表于 6 天前

你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。
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