跟癌症同样?肺动脉高压还能治愈吗?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、胸痛、晕厥、疲乏、咯血、声嘶……一系列的症状,让肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>备受<span style="color: black;">熬煎</span>,如同得了心血管界的恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">通常</span>,以往活过5年的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不算多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近些年来,随着医学界对肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>,让<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间较既往延长。2024年5月5日是第十三个“世界肺动脉高压日”,今年的主题推出“肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">没</span>国界,团结携手治愈肺高压”。治愈肺高压可能吗?近期,多位专家接受记者采访<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,肺动脉高压不是“绝症”,不同病因肺动脉高压的平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率不同,最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>主动筛查诊断治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240509/eca114ee87eb485398a20d2877367264.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">肺动脉高压并非绝症</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺动脉高压是一种罕见的影响肺部和心脏的严重<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,它一度被认为是“心血管病中的癌症”,据统计,未经治疗的肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中位<span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间仅有2.8年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">广州医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>医院<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>与<span style="color: black;">严重</span>症医学科教授刘春丽告诉记者,肺动脉高压会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>右心负荷<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,右心<span style="color: black;">没</span>法把血从肺动脉输回左心,一旦全身脏器<span style="color: black;">得到</span>的<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>血液比较少,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一系列危险,轻则血压偏低、脑缺血,会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">头昏</span>、胸痛及<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难等症状,重则晕厥,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>猝死。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺动脉高压虽然可怕,但它不是“绝症”。刘春丽指出,“不同病因肺动脉高压的平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率,先天性心脏病、胶原性血管病(风湿结缔组织<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>)、艾滋病等<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的肺动脉高压的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">已然</span>不<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,现今肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>时间较既往延长。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,应注重肺动脉高压的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断,<span style="color: black;">关联</span>数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,从<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>症状到确诊肺动脉高压平均<span style="color: black;">必须</span>2.2年。专家强调,<span style="color: black;">初期</span>主动筛查诊断治疗可改善肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240509/5927cd5783564effaca16e5de97b3970.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽快达到低危状态并<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>维持</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上,肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展与肺血管结构和(或)功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span>(即肺血管重构)密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>针对病因治疗<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。刘春丽指出,像先天性心脏病、结缔组织病、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>系统<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>等均可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肺动脉高压,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>不同病因分诊到<span style="color: black;">关联</span>专科就诊或会诊。而肺动脉高压治疗<span style="color: black;">目的</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>尽快达到低危并<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>维持,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>带来<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>益处。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在众多治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>中,球囊房间隔造口术属于重症肺动脉高压的姑息性治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。什么是姑息性治疗?广州医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>医院<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>介入病区专科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>洪城介绍,姑息性治疗<span style="color: black;">不可</span>治愈严重<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,而更像是“缓兵之计”,目的是一时缓解症状,减少<span style="color: black;">病人</span>痛苦,为下一步的治疗争取<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>时间。例如部分肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,在充分<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗下仍病情加重,经常晕厥,此时<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>去<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span>适合做球囊房间隔造口术,旨在减轻症状,维持生命,为等待肺移植争取时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">洪城<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,球囊房间隔造口术虽然<span style="color: black;">不可</span>治愈肺动脉高压,但它的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">道理</span>在于缓解晕厥等症状、<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>质量、维持生命、为肺移植争取时间。“在等待移植的路上,时间<span style="color: black;">便是</span>生命,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>部分<span style="color: black;">严重</span>症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>而言,球囊房间隔造口术<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不失为一个<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240509/667d8f3edcc64cf0bfef742882b562c2.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽快达到低位并<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>维持</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺动脉高压症状<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,诊断<span style="color: black;">亦</span>比较困难。有数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,从<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>症状到确诊肺动脉高压平均<span style="color: black;">必须</span>2.2年。刘春丽认为,<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>且严重,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要加强高危<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的筛查,例如有家族肺动脉高压病史、结缔组织<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、先天性心脏病、肝硬化门脉高压、应用<span style="color: black;">瘦身</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>史、严重的慢性肺病(慢阻肺、间质性肺病、支气管扩张、<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>暂停<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>)、慢性肺栓塞等<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>主动筛查可及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺动脉高压。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">改善肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的运动耐量、<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量、改善右心功能,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>降低死亡<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,广州医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>医院中医科张志敏教授<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,中医食疗中<span style="color: black;">选取</span>加入<span style="color: black;">有些</span>能够宣肺理气、活血化瘀、温阳散寒的食材对肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">护理</span>颇有好处,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>黄芪<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>补气固表,利水消肿的功效,适用于气虚<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的气血不畅,而红枣<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>补中益气,养血安神的功效,适用于气血两虚<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的体倦乏力等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,运动有助于<span style="color: black;">加强</span>肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>运动耐量、心肺功能和生活质量。科学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>指出稳<span style="color: black;">定时</span>成人肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应以有氧运动为主,联合抗阻运动及吸气肌训练。抗阻运动的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的为改善肌肉质量和力量,哑铃、弹力带等均为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的抗阻运动。抗阻运动<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>2-3天/周,总运动时长在10-20分钟/天为宜。吸气肌训练适用于大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>吸气肌力量减弱的肺动脉高压<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,吸气肌训练应<span style="color: black;">最少</span>4-5天/周为宜,采用间歇训练模式,1-2 次/天,10-20 分钟/次。</p>
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