有个癌症病人对我说他怕痛不怕死,病痛有多可怕,怎么样才可缓解
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">病房里有一位40多岁的男性晚期肺腺癌病人,这位病人<span style="color: black;">已然</span>从一代靶向药吃到了三代,维持了四年多,可惜已<span style="color: black;">所有</span>耐药了,<span style="color: black;">近期</span>一次复查全身多发骨转移,体质变得虚弱,<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>不畅,来住院的时候说:我疼的连<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>都觉得像是在吞玻璃渣,没办法思考,浑身任何一个<span style="color: black;">地区</span>碰一下都疼。<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">熬煎</span>得这个曾经的壮汉形销骨立,面目狰狞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国际<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>学会从2004年起将每年的10月11日定为“<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>征服<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>日”。2020年10月19 ~ 23日是今年的中国<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>周。国际专家早已达成共识,慢性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>是一种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,慢性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>严重影响躯体和社会功能,使<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法参与正常的生活和社交活动,严重降低生活质量。世界卫生组织将<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>确定为继血压、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>、脉搏、体温之后的“第五大生命体征”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在一项调查中<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最为恐惧的不是死亡而是<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。可见,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>质量最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的一个方面<span style="color: black;">便是</span>消除<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。早在1982年,世界卫生组织WHO就提出了“癌症三阶梯止痛<span style="color: black;">指点</span>原则”,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>这一原则,90%的癌痛都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>得到缓解。然而,三阶梯止痛原则已提出了近40年,现实生活中,仍有许许多多的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在饱受<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的<span style="color: black;">熬煎</span>。在晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,有70-80%的病人<span style="color: black;">伴同</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,其中有50%~60%的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>因<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>而<span style="color: black;">无</span>得到有效<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">到底该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>减轻癌症病人<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>症状?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">规范化<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">止疼</span>药</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌痛治疗<span style="color: black;">必要</span>规范化,一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>就进行<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>,<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>评分,以三阶梯、五原则的用药原则为<span style="color: black;">指点</span>,积极处理癌痛<span style="color: black;">药品</span>并发症,<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,85%以上的病人<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>得到减轻。<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>1.能口服<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>以口服止痛药为主,<span style="color: black;">没</span>创且方便,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>口服<span style="color: black;">选取</span>芬太尼贴剂或吗啡栓剂。2.轻微<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>非甾体类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>强度<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>过渡到曲马多或吗啡。新的癌痛指南,<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>弱化曲马多或布桂嗪等二阶梯<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,强调足量和尽早<span style="color: black;">运用</span>第三阶梯<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。3.<span style="color: black;">因为</span>长效止痛药(羟考酮、吗啡缓释片、芬太尼贴等)<span style="color: black;">生效</span>慢,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要按时给药,<span style="color: black;">保准</span>稳定的血药浓度,而不是等疼的时候才想起来用药。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-54c60f2e879dab29236aa8cf59c98454_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>进行止痛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症病人<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>众多,有肿瘤本身<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有肿瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">评定</span>癌痛时要充分<span style="color: black;">查询</span>到<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>。不同<span style="color: black;">原由</span>、部位和不同性质的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,治疗方式有所不同,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>骨转移<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的骨痛,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>采用局部放疗、骨水泥固定、放射性核素内照射、粒子<span style="color: black;">移植</span>、射频消融等等多种局部治疗方式减轻<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,静脉<span style="color: black;">运用</span>双磷酸盐<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>骨转移发展。脑转移<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的头痛,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>甘露醇或激素脱水降颅压,并进行放疗,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>减轻脑水肿,缓解头痛。还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>晚期癌症病人癌细胞直接破坏神经<span style="color: black;">导致</span>神经病理性<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,这类<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>除阿片类<span style="color: black;">麻木</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>止痛外,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>辅助<span style="color: black;">运用</span>加巴喷丁、普瑞巴林等抗惊厥<span style="color: black;">药品</span>以及三环类抗抑郁药,病变较局限者<span style="color: black;">能够</span>施行神经阻滞<span style="color: black;">或</span>神经毁损。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌痛病人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,让自己舒适,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量,应该是最高的追求。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,不要抱着<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>药有毒、<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>药“成瘾”、忍痛是一种美德等等陈旧错误观念。对各级医护人员<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,“使癌症病人不痛”<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是口号,还要落到实处。</p>
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