蔡卫平:一个兴趣“话疗”的艾滋病专家
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/V9V83VFzia0TURIoK13ykDEr6BeddYk3mFUNNPPvQqJD5KOxR8SrWg4y6yBviacx9ic099ibbGGcp8zkzyPiciaLO10A/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/V9V83VFzia0TPHQia6PJdAJp0c8ZF4LHWZkh2iaV8ZxAZUgT6CUncdDpsuJ1k5gSsE5NFeW7ibVGRYEaMIt8Qqqpgg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">只要规范用药和治疗,活着的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>是很大的,但自由呢?</span><span style="color: black;">文 |南都周刊记者 胡雯雯 实习生陈捷开</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">名人</span>摄影 |孙海 编辑 |杨文瑾 </span><span style="color: black;">在广州车水马龙的东风东路上,有座不太起眼的两层门诊小楼。门口沉默地坐着排队等待挂号的病人,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>大多单独前来,拿了号便安静地坐在一旁。</span><span style="color: black;">这儿<span style="color: black;">便是</span>广州市第八人民医院感染门诊,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是全国名列前茅的艾滋病专科门诊。<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师的蔡卫平,从业30<span style="color: black;">数年</span>来<span style="color: black;">始终</span>与同事和病人并肩携手,对抗着这种特殊的病毒:</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">它本身基本上不直接<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,却会在人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>悄悄地<span style="color: black;">持续</span>复制,将免疫系统攻击得千疮百孔、全线崩溃。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>,人体就<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一个不设防的活体培养皿,任何病毒、细菌都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>肆<span style="color: black;">没</span>忌惮地生长:吃坏一次肚子可能腹泻三星期,一次角膜炎就足以让你<span style="color: black;">眼瞎</span>,一次感冒就可能让你丧命;直到最后,你的中枢神经系统损害,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>模糊,肢体瘫痪,奄奄一息……它的名字,叫做HIV(人类免疫缺陷病毒)。</span></span><span style="color: black;">12月1日是世界艾滋病日。联合国艾滋病规划署《2020<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>艾滋病防治<span style="color: black;">发展</span>报告》<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,2019年,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>共有3800万HIV感染者,其中有2540万人在接受治疗,而2019年的新发感染者有170万,是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">目的</span>值的三倍多,预防工作任重道远。<span style="color: black;">截止</span>2019年10月底,中国报告存活感染者95.8万,其中86.6%已在接受治疗,治疗成功率为93.5%。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/V9V83VFzia0SAmloKVEHePAtW0X3r3fE0n14M6tdESUbuJLGDGzN6JibBbCsAbUNQxNxj2u4IoUfglkkACvFeH9w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></span></h1><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">入 行</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">其实,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一名传染科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>并不是蔡卫平的理想,他<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>曾经千方百计想调离这个岗位。“我父母都在中山医工作。从小我在医院里<span style="color: black;">成长</span>,就<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>趴在墙上偷看人家解剖尸体,对手术刀再熟悉<span style="color: black;">不外</span>了。实习时,我去的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个科室<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一家医院的外科,双方都觉得很满意,以为从此我就能当个外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>了。”</span><span style="color: black;">蔡卫平个性爽直,觉得外科更适合自己,够干脆。“用句玩笑话<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>:有什么毛病,劏开来看下不就<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>咯。”结果阴差阳错,毕业分配时,他被分到了广州市传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院(<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的广州市第八人民医院,下文简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>市八院),一家<span style="color: black;">无</span>外科的专科医院。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/V9V83VFzia0SAmloKVEHePAtW0X3r3fE0QoqI1Fn33ykXC8ObyD4BKYhq6ibvsEicVdT7pwbmI3zX8WMbjHwR9yMg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">对<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>毕业生<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院并不是个好<span style="color: black;">选取</span>,有门路的都会想办法避开。“开头几年,我还<span style="color: black;">无</span>放弃外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>梦想,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在申请调动,但<span style="color: black;">最后</span>还是没走成,只好留下来了。”</span><span style="color: black;">渐渐地,蔡卫平<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>这个专业<span style="color: black;">亦</span>挺适合自己。当时的传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>,大多发病急且凶险,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>流脑、白喉、伤寒、狂犬病之类。<span style="color: black;">没</span>法挽救的病人,<span style="color: black;">火速</span>就<span style="color: black;">逝去</span>了,而判断和治疗准确的话,一条生命就被<span style="color: black;">快速</span>地从鬼门关捞了回来。并且治疗好一个传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>人全社会都能受益,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>有成就感。</span><span style="color: black;">然而,医院接收到<span style="color: black;">第1</span>例艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>时的震撼,令他<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>难忘。1995年,一位患艾滋病晚期的缅甸船员,在海上<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了严重的肺部感染,船一靠岸,病人就被立刻送到市八院。</span><span style="color: black;">全体医护人员严阵以待,将能找到的防护行头都穿上了,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还套上了水鞋。</span><span style="color: black;">当时,距1985年中国宣布<span style="color: black;">第1</span>例艾滋病死亡案例,只过去了不到十年;中国派出<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个<span style="color: black;">表率</span>团参加国际艾滋病会议,并证实中国有11个艾滋病病人,是在1992年;而直到1996年,治疗艾滋病的“鸡尾酒疗法”才在美国投入<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>推广<span style="color: black;">运用</span>是在1998年以后。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>缺乏艾滋病<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,这位缅甸船员只能用普通肺炎的方式治疗。他被安排在了<span style="color: black;">本来</span>是收治狂犬病人的7号房。7号房的特殊之处在于有两扇门:一扇通往医院走廊,另一扇则通往太平间。狂犬病的死亡率100%,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>在<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的印象中,7号房<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着“有去<span style="color: black;">没</span>回”。</span><span style="color: black;">然而,这位艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>却被救了回来。十多天后,他从入院时的奄奄一息,恢复到了<span style="color: black;">能够</span>走路的状态。</span><span style="color: black;">缅甸船员离开医院的背影,给蔡卫平和同事带来了很大的触动:“原来艾滋病并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>可怕,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>虽然免疫系统遭到了破坏,但依然有活下去的可能!”</span>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></span></h1><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">暴 露</strong></span><span style="color: black;">护士长刘聪是2004年到感染科工作的。她最<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对病人的印象是:“很凶,<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>说话,经常带些社会上的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>聚在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>,挺可怕的。”那时的艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,很<span style="color: black;">大都是</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>吸毒感染的,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>会在<span style="color: black;">门诊楼</span>互相打起来。医护人员在劝阻时,难免会受伤流血,面临病毒感染的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>这种<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>有个专业术语叫‘职业暴露’。”刘聪回忆,尽管入职时<span style="color: black;">已然</span>受过严格训练,但<span style="color: black;">青年</span>些的同事总会担忧,“<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>时不时做噩梦,每次体检时都有些提心吊胆。”</span><span style="color: black;">其实,只要在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间给伤口消毒、<span style="color: black;">评定</span>危险、<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>阻断<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的话,医护人员的感染几率是极低的。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>美国的调查数据,HIV 职业暴露的危险概率约为 0.064%,远<span style="color: black;">小于</span>医务人员暴露于乙型肝炎病毒针刺伤 19% 的感染概率。</span><span style="color: black;">2015 年<span style="color: black;">发布</span>于《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)的一篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>学者对近 30 年 pubmed 数据库和 cochrane 图书馆<span style="color: black;">关联</span>文献进行回顾后<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒和 HIV 经锐器伤传播的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,常被引用为 1:3,1:30 和 1:300。</span><span style="color: black;">后来,随着宣传教育的推广,国家对救治投入的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,病人的素质<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越高,很少再<span style="color: black;">显现</span>“脏乱差”现象。“病人在外面再怎么闹事,在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>面前<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是比较安分的。人心都是肉长的,医护人员对病人的尊重,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>能感受到吧。”</span><span style="color: black;">副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>护师徐国红在上世纪90年代就曾跟蔡卫平共事,中间去外科工作过几年,后来舍弃了当护士长的机会,申请调回了感染科。“以前,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都不太敢跟<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>说自己是感染科的,但<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>,就连外院同事都对<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>科和蔡<span style="color: black;">专家</span>很敬仰,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>他为‘男神’。我觉得在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>真的能<span style="color: black;">表现</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>护士的价值感。”</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/V9V83VFzia0SAmloKVEHePAtW0X3r3fE0vQVNYM8flibW06ENr1jLsWGQTG0GTpibzqpcXwYkica9e51IkZ5siaicPRg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">“蔡<span style="color: black;">专家</span>的业务水平确实高,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>对病人非常尊重,病人都愿意找他聊天。” 刘聪回忆,“他每次查房时,<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>都是不戴手套的,跟病人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会有肢体上的接触,跟<span style="color: black;">她们</span>聊天、开玩笑,还带头跟病人和家属<span style="color: black;">一块</span>吃饭,打消<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的顾虑。久而久之,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>就慢慢学习到了。”</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>许多艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,辗转求医之后,市八院的感染科可能是人生的最后一站。尽管《艾滋病防治条例》(2019 年修订)第四十一条规定,医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>不得因就诊的病人是艾滋病病毒感染者,就推诿<span style="color: black;">或</span>拒绝对其其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>进行治疗。但医疗过程的防护、器械的消毒、医务人员的培训,并不是每家医院都能做到位,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>许多HIV感染者在<span style="color: black;">由于</span>其他病情求诊时,经常会被拒诊。</span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>对艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">注意</span>程度还是<span style="color: black;">不足</span>,主动检测比例偏低,大概70%都是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>被动检测时<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的。”2020年,蔡卫平参与了一部名为《生<span style="color: black;">没</span>畏》的艾滋病公益短片的摄制。他在片中坦言:“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>他/她能及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,在<span style="color: black;">显现</span>机会性感染前就去治疗,就可能不会<span style="color: black;">发展</span>到艾滋病期,随着终身的抗病毒治疗的开展,有可能终身都不会发病。”</span><span style="color: black;">在蔡卫平看来,“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>社会<span style="color: black;">针对</span>艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>更<span style="color: black;">包涵</span>,让<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>像高血压、糖尿病病人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>公开<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,对所有人都会更安全些,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>医疗工作者本身。”</span><span style="color: black;">他提起<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一个案例。曾有位股动脉破裂的病人去医院求助,但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>艾滋病而被拒诊。病人<span style="color: black;">每日</span>徘徊在医院门口,腿部血管鼓包越来越大,最后<span style="color: black;">就地</span>破裂,血溅四周。不明就里的医护人员将他推进急诊室时,<span style="color: black;">基本</span>来不及做任何防护,只能暴露于感染危险之中。“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>尽早收治或转诊,采用安全的手术<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,这种事故本来是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>避免的。”</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国红丝带网的数据,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>得到<span style="color: black;">即时</span>规范的治疗,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>HIV感染者半年后血液中就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>查不到病毒,病毒对其寿命<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会产生很大的影响,即实现“带毒<span style="color: black;">存活</span>”。然而,要<span style="color: black;">保准</span>终身“<span style="color: black;">即时</span>、规范”的用药和随访,本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个巨大挑战。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/V9V83VFzia0SAmloKVEHePAtW0X3r3fE08LleCGPjw2KJY9FPpnrvPhJkONkzwgPJd6fCom9NjTIlbsFYT13dmQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">人在感染了</span>HIV<span style="color: black;">病毒后不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会马上发病,会</span></span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">0.5<span style="color: black;">~</span><span style="color: black;">20</span><span style="color: black;">年(平均</span><span style="color: black;">7</span><span style="color: black;">~</span><span style="color: black;">10</span><span style="color: black;">年)的<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>期,这段</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">时间被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为</span>HIV<span style="color: black;">感染者</span></span><span style="color: black;">;</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">仅有</span></span><span style="color: black;">在发病</span><span style="color: black;">之后,</span><span style="color: black;">这个人<span style="color: black;">才可</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为艾滋病患者。</span></span><span style="color: black;">占据了整层楼的市八院感染三科,收治着近50床住院病人。在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>工作了15年的副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师陈<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,见过太多危急病例。“艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>几乎都是紧急<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>治疗难度非常大,一台手术<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>多科室<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>协同作业。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>冒着职业暴露的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要处理<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,真的非常强大。”</span><span style="color: black;">“病毒摧毁了人体的免疫系统后,发病可能是从头到脚的,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>脑,肺部,肾脏,处理起来非常<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>。<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>免疫力低下,术后产生感染和<span style="color: black;">各样</span>并发症的几率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更高。”主管护师谭护士介绍。她的<span style="color: black;">微X</span>步数,几乎<span style="color: black;">每日</span>都在2万步以上,全是奔走于<span style="color: black;">区别</span>病房之间跑出来的。</span><span style="color: black;">2020年新冠肺炎疫情爆发,市八院感染科抽调了一半人手前去隔离病区支援。蔡卫平在抗疫前线奋战之余,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>往来于艾滋病诊室,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>两个院区都正常运转。</span><span style="color: black;">“当时,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>医院的感染科都转为收治新冠,蔡<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">保持</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要维持艾滋病门诊,怕病人<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">地区</span>拿药和救治。”护士长刘聪记得,蔡卫平反复强调的一句话是:救命药<span style="color: black;">不可</span>停,这是支撑<span style="color: black;">她们</span>活下去的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>!</span>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></span></h1><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">救 命 药</span></strong><span style="color: black;">病人阿齐的背包里,永远放着一个9格药盒。<span style="color: black;">每日</span>三次,他会和全世界超过2330万名HIV感染者<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,准时服下几片药,前后误差不超过10分钟。他<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,十年如一日的规律服药,是他<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>保持着健康状态的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>,而一旦漏服或延时太长,就可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>病毒的反弹、<span style="color: black;">出现</span>耐药性变异,<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>失效。</span><span style="color: black;">这种被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“鸡尾酒疗法”的艾滋病治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>美籍华裔<span style="color: black;">专家</span>何大一于1996年提出的,指<span style="color: black;">经过</span>三种或以上的抗病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,来<span style="color: black;">控制</span>病毒复制、恢复被破坏的机体免疫功能,从而延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生命。</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/V9V83VFzia0SAmloKVEHePAtW0X3r3fE0cnYdajZ6ic7mbuuTHIua9enlPshib1y5pJHQhiacPK3F78f96GER6ajBA/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/V9V83VFzia0SAmloKVEHePAtW0X3r3fE0TBPmk2DricJbUSX7h3ciacC01gj5fiaHCq9xHibHBsvSRTAAasiaianYiamOQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>于《艾滋病AIDS的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>原理与HIV病毒感染的过程》)</span><span style="color: black;">自2003年起,中国政府<span style="color: black;">起始</span>实施“四免一关怀政策”,为所有HIV感染者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>免费的抗病毒治疗,这在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>都是绝<span style="color: black;">没</span>仅有的。</span><span style="color: black;">然而,免费的特性就是广覆盖、低<span style="color: black;">保证</span>。“我国<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>还是十几年前的老药,用药水平<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还不如<span style="color: black;">有些</span>非洲国家。之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>有超过90%的高<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>率,全是靠病人忍受着毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>、<span style="color: black;">数年</span>如一日准时用药的依从性,才得以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>的。”蔡卫平叹息。</span><span style="color: black;">中国近年的经济发展,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>不符合许多国际组织的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>捐献标准;但引进进口新药的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,免费体制又难以承受。</span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>鼓励过自费药市场。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,一种是吃了不<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>不起皮疹、<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>月3000多元的自费进口新药,一种是副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>但免费的药,你会选哪个?绝大部分的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了用免费药。”</span><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span><span style="color: black;">2013-2018年我国抗HIV病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>市场。(图源:火石创造《hiv病毒 2019年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>艾滋病(HIV)<span style="color: black;">状况</span>及竞争格局分析》)</span><span style="color: black;">2018年,蔡卫平当上全国人大<span style="color: black;">表率</span>时的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>份议案,便是<span style="color: black;">意见</span>将艾滋病治疗纳入<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>。“<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>报销只是一个方面,更大的好处是,靠国家批量采购把药价压下来,以前3000多元<span style="color: black;">一月</span>的药,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>可能只要一千多元,能<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就多了,从此就有<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。”</span><span style="color: black;">他欣喜地看见,在2019年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>实施的新<span style="color: black;">医疗保险</span>目录里面,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了单一复合片剂-艾考恩丙替片,如今广东省职工/居民可享受60%-90%的门诊报销。“以前的药,有些一天吃三次,有些一天两次,很容易弄错。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,病人在外面工作或应酬时不方便的话,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能延误吃药时间。这种一天只需服一片的药,会更有利于病毒<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。”</span><span style="color: black;">“复合片剂并不是单纯把三种药压成一片<span style="color: black;">那样</span>简单。就像你把三种颜料倒进一杯水里,它们肯定会融合在<span style="color: black;">一块</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>变性,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>要做到合而为一又不相互影响,<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span>者们是下了功夫的,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>为简化病人的服药方式花费了很大心血。”</span><span style="color: black;">从完全免费,到自己承担一部分药费,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一种责任感的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。“以前有的病人会在领完药和交通<span style="color: black;">补助</span>后,会转身偷偷把药扔掉。他觉得我又<span style="color: black;">无</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">为何</span>要忍着副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>、为了完成你们的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>指标而去吃它?”</span><span style="color: black;">在蔡卫平看来,纠正<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的观念,让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>有主动求医的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,是广东省这些年治疗成功率如此高的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>之一。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>曾顶住压力,将国家发放的交通<span style="color: black;">补助</span>原路退回,并<span style="color: black;">保持</span>收取挂号费。“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>病人都能为自己负责,为自己来看病,而不是为了政府<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。”</span>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></span></h1><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"> “ 话 疗 ”</strong></span><span style="color: black;">在市八院艾滋病门诊的资料库里,有三排放满了病例档案的铁皮柜,柜顶<span style="color: black;">亦</span>排着密密麻麻的档案袋。办公桌旁的地上,摆着三四箱蓝色文件夹,这些全都是艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的档案。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>国家卫健委疾控局的数据,<span style="color: black;">截止</span>2019 年10月底,我国报告存活艾滋病感染者95.8 万,相较于2012年的数据翻了两番。“在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>门诊登记的病人,如今应该超过2万了。”蔡卫平回忆,医院最初是不<span style="color: black;">保留</span>病历档案的,但病人们经常弄丢病历,或是藏得太隐蔽,连自己都找不到,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>才有了这个做法。“这些档案中,有的人刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>治疗,有些从<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>长<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>家长、<span style="color: black;">已然</span>结婚生子,还有些则去世了,但所有档案<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都<span style="color: black;">保留</span>着,永远不会丢弃。”</span><span style="color: black;">许多<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的人生,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这份<span style="color: black;">保留</span><span style="color: black;">数年</span>的病历档案,和医护人员们永远联系在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">病人高扬是8年前<span style="color: black;">起始</span>来门诊的,每3个月一次,非常规律。“其实我每次来,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>没什么<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span>想跟蔡<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>聊一聊,确认自己一切正常。”<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次得知自己HIV呈阳性时,高扬和许多病友<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">处在</span>震惊和自卑中。但接诊他的蔡卫平却非常平和,言语丝毫不带评判,就像叮嘱感冒病人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">指点</span>他<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>定时服药和<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,这给了他很大的<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>和安全感。</span><span style="color: black;">美国公共健康先驱爱德华·特鲁多<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>有句著名的墓志铭:To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always.(有时治愈,经常关怀,总是安慰。)这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>符合感染科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>们的准则。</span><span style="color: black;">“广东人把去医院看病叫做‘睇<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>’,后来我才<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人真的是来‘看<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>’的。”蔡卫平笑着说,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>其实<span style="color: black;">已然</span>很稳定,但<span style="color: black;">便是</span>不<span style="color: black;">安心</span>,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要听到你亲口说“没问题”才心安。</span><span style="color: black;">副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>护师徐国红透露,<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到蔡<span style="color: black;">专家</span>年近<span style="color: black;">离休</span>年龄,门诊<span style="color: black;">每日</span>给他限号30个。但每次遇到<span style="color: black;">必须</span>开导的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,他总会聊上二三<span style="color: black;">非常</span>钟,有<span style="color: black;">外区</span>病人专门赶来看他,他<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会爽快加号。南都周刊记者<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次采访时,正好是他的出诊日,徐国红指着<span style="color: black;">表示</span>11点的钟说:“还有十来个号呢,蔡<span style="color: black;">专家</span>每次工作到下午一两点才吃饭,是常有的事。”</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>HIV感染者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,病毒摧毁的不仅是身体,常常还有他的<span style="color: black;">全部</span>社会圈子。被抛弃、背叛、误解、孤立……这都让病人<span style="color: black;">没</span>比孤独,艾滋病门诊便<span style="color: black;">成为了</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>为数不多的,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">安心</span>吐露心声的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>,有<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>、护士、个案管理师为<span style="color: black;">她们</span>疏导心理问题。</span><span style="color: black;">“这个病,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>连最好的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>说。虽然你自己<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的话,是不会威胁到他人健康的,但可能说完以后,你从此就<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>了。感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>毒本来<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个很大的打击,而看着最亲近的人一个个离自己而去,会更难受。”</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">(图源:视觉中国)</span><span style="color: black;">在蔡卫平看来,病人与<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>坦诚交流,本身<span style="color: black;">便是</span>治疗的一部分,“会说自己想去死的人,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是<span style="color: black;">无</span>下定决心的,你多拉他几次,他就从悬崖边回来了。</span><span style="color: black;">” </span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>生死一线的挣扎,他自己<span style="color: black;">亦</span>深有体会。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一名传染科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,2003年抗击SARS<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,蔡卫平责<span style="color: black;">没</span>旁贷,冲锋在前。当时的医疗防护<span style="color: black;">办法</span>远<span style="color: black;">无</span>如今齐全,连口罩都还是棉纱的。他在工作半个月后,<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了低烧和咳嗽症状。刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span>他还心存侥幸,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>是感冒,但在强撑几天后,肺部CT的<span style="color: black;">暗影</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>:他感染上了SARS病毒。</span><span style="color: black;">从正常工作到移动几步路都艰难,似乎是一瞬间的事。当他上了<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>机,被推到钟南山所在的广州市呼研所住院时,感觉每一口空气都吸不进肺部,<span style="color: black;">没</span>比艰难。</span><span style="color: black;">“在最难熬的那个<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>,我对妻子说,想看一看女儿。”他的妻子<span style="color: black;">一样</span>是传染科的医护人员,疫情一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,女儿就被送回了湖南的学校。“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>没事,我是<span style="color: black;">没</span>论<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>她回广东的,太危险了。但当时,真的感觉可能再<span style="color: black;">亦</span>见不到了。”</span><span style="color: black;">幸运的是,他撑过来了。</span><span style="color: black;">“住院的那段日子,连走廊都出不去,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>只能看着窗外居民楼的灯光,我<span style="color: black;">独一</span>的愿望<span style="color: black;">便是</span>:出去走走。”出院当天,他做的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>件事便是奔向楼下,点了一碗牛腩粉。看着人来人往的街道,<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>着自由的空气,他的眼泪<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>就掉了下来,“活着真好。”</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">5</span></strong></span></strong></span></strong></span></span></h1><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自 由</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">自由地活着,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是所有艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最大的愿望。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>卫健委的数据,我国符合治疗<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的感染者接受抗病毒治疗比例为86.6%,治疗成功率为93.5%。只要规范用药和治疗,活着的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>是很大的,但自由呢?</span><span style="color: black;">当HIV病毒在1986年被定义时,它<span style="color: black;">不外</span>是众多人类感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>毒中的一种。然而,当人们渐渐<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,它<span style="color: black;">好似</span>在“某种人群”中<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率更高时,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>的关注点转向了。人们<span style="color: black;">起始</span>躲避、疏远、<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>谴责艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,将<span style="color: black;">她们</span>打上“吸毒者”“性滥交”“同性恋”等<span style="color: black;">各样</span>标签。</span><span style="color: black;">然而,这种分化并没能阻止艾滋病的快速蔓延,更<span style="color: black;">没</span>助于它的防控。2001年,全世界感染HIV的人数为500万,2018年,这个人数<span style="color: black;">提升</span>到了3790万。</span><span style="color: black;">“我感觉,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最大的<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>,并不只是来自对<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的恐惧,后面夹杂着<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>。”蔡卫平见过有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的父母,在<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>儿子染上HIV病毒时,只骂了句:“衰仔,都叫你不要乱搞啦!”,但在得知儿子是同性恋后,却崩溃大哭,<span style="color: black;">没</span>法接受。</span><span style="color: black;">吸毒、男男同性恋、<span style="color: black;">商场</span>性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>、婚外性<span style="color: black;">行径</span>……这些感染艾滋病的高危<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,都是“主流社会”所<span style="color: black;">不可</span>接受的。然而,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有许多本该令人同情的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>早年因卖血而患病的贫困人群、因患血友病等在输血时意外<span style="color: black;">患病</span>的群体、遭受性暴力而被感染的<span style="color: black;">女性</span>、一出生便感染的<span style="color: black;">没</span>辜儿童……<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都落入了被<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>的群体中。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">电影《最爱》(</span>2011<span style="color: black;">)拍摄中</span>。这部顾长卫导演的电影讲述了<span style="color: black;">上世纪</span>90<span style="color: black;">年代</span>,一个偏僻山村的村民<span style="color: black;">由于</span>卖血而感染上艾滋病后的故事。</span><span style="color: black;">艾滋病门诊经常接到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的咨询:跟艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>吃饭时,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>我有口腔溃疡,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>他<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有的话,会不会感染?要是<span style="color: black;">她们</span>用过的键盘沾了血或体液,我手指上又有倒刺的话,会不会感染?叮了他的蚊子再来叮我的话,会不会感染?走在路上眼睛忽然痛,会不会是有别人的血液进入眼睛里?</span><span style="color: black;">其实,离开了血液和体液的HIV病毒是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>存活的,生活中能接触到的病毒浓度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>相当低,难以达到感染的程度。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,这种草木皆兵的社会氛围,只会让艾滋病的传播更加隐蔽,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>更大影响。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,有些人为了掩盖性取向,就娶了同妻,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>对方感染;有些人本来<span style="color: black;">能够</span>稳定<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>顾忌社会眼光而躲躲藏藏,延误了诊断或服药,结果治疗失败,从此产生耐药性,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还把耐药病毒传染给别人。”</span><span style="color: black;">艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>病情而失业后,会为社会带来更大的经济<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>;当<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的合法权利得不到尊重时,埋下的社会隐患可能更大;再往远了说,假如有一天,艾滋病有了疫苗,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能治愈了,这种人与人的分化就结束了吗?<span style="color: black;">亦</span>许它只会换一种病毒<span style="color: black;">做为</span>载体,继续存在?<span style="color: black;">然则</span>那时,被<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>的人又会是谁呢?</span><span style="color: black;">“许多病人,即使<span style="color: black;">曾经被</span>人看成是烂仔、白粉仔,只要你给他机会,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有重新<span style="color: black;">起始</span>的可能。”说着,蔡<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>站起来,往办公室的窗外望去。窗外是医院<span style="color: black;">前门</span>,门口一棵大树,枝繁叶茂。“阿康就整天坐在那棵树下等病人,当成自己上班的<span style="color: black;">地区</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>。”</span><span style="color: black;">阿康以前是个混混小头目,吸毒、斗殴都是常事,还曾几进监狱。在<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的治疗后,他病情<span style="color: black;">已然</span>稳定,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>走上正路,自己做些小生意。“有些<span style="color: black;">外区</span>来的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>要挂号、加号<span style="color: black;">或</span>住院,找不到我,就会求助于阿康。”蔡<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>笑着说,“他会<span style="color: black;">熟悉</span>地帮人家挂号、办理出入院的手续。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>他总说自己是我的经纪人。”</span><span style="color: black;">在蔡<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的电脑里,有个庞大的文件夹,里面是从医30<span style="color: black;">数年</span>来,他跟<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的合影。里面有一个<span style="color: black;">女子</span>的生日会,他<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>记得,她的出生时间是10月1日的早上10点多。</span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">为何</span>记得这么清楚?<span style="color: black;">由于</span>当时正好是国庆阅兵。她妈妈的产程却提前了。”<span style="color: black;">女子</span>的母亲<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己感染上病毒时,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>怀孕了,在她和<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>的再三<span style="color: black;">哀告</span>下,医院同意帮她做择期剖腹产,以缩短产程,最大程度降低<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的感染<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">但<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>提前的分娩,让医护人员非常紧张。幸运的是,在紧张有序的<span style="color: black;">协同</span>下,<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>顺利出生了,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间做了清洗、<span style="color: black;">检测</span>:是个健康的宝宝。如今,母女俩依然平静而幸福地生活着,<span style="color: black;">女子</span>的生日,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">大众</span>庆祝母婴阻断的纪念日。</span><span style="color: black;">母婴传染是儿童艾滋病感染的最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>途径,但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>从孕前至产后,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>节点都做好阻断,即使<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>双方都是感染者,新生儿的感染<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低到1%以下。据感染三科的陈<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>估算,从设立感染妇产科<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>,广东省<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有400多例成功阻断的艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生育案例了。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">还有许多<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">迄今</span>活跃在蔡卫平的<span style="color: black;">微X</span><span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈里。阿华是上世纪90年代就<span style="color: black;">起始</span>治疗的,“以前坑蒙拐骗没少干”。有一天,他有些<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>意思地问蔡卫平,自己想成个家,能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>帮忙介绍对象。“我就在查房时留意了一下,后来<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>病人中有个单身的<span style="color: black;">女子</span>子,两人挺合适的,就帮<span style="color: black;">她们</span>拉了红线,后来两人真的就结婚了。”</span><span style="color: black;">蔡卫平笑呵呵地翻出阿华的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>圈:“他的生活<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>看起来挺滋润,做做生意,晒晒美酒、美食,有时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>晒娃。”阿华和妻子<span style="color: black;">经过</span>母婴阻断,成功地生育了一个健康的女儿。照片上的小<span style="color: black;">女子</span>,活泼可爱,在洒满阳光的游乐园里甜甜地笑着,那个笑容,能让人记<span style="color: black;">一生</span>。</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">(文中<span style="color: black;">病人</span>姓名均为化名。)</span><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料:</p>
</span><span style="color: black;">1.中国政府网:2006年11月30日《中国艾滋病大事记》 </span><span style="color: black;">http://www.gov.cn/ztzl/yfazb/content_458178.htm</span><span style="color: black;">2. Kuhar DT, Henderson DK, Struble KA, et al. Updated U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to HIV and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2013. Available at http://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/20711.</span><span style="color: black;">3. Management of sharps injuries in the healthcare setting, BMJ 2015; 351 doi:https:// doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3733(Published 29 july 2015)</span><span style="color: black;">4. 国务院办公厅 《中国遏制与防治艾滋病「十三五」行动计划》</span><span style="color: black;">5. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府 2019年12月1日:《我国报告存活感染者95.8万 艾滋病疫情<span style="color: black;">处在</span>低流行水平》</span><span style="color: black;">http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-12/01/content_5457448.htm</span><span style="color: black;">6. 世界卫生组织和联合国艾滋病联合规划署:《2001年艾滋病<span style="color: black;">情况</span>》</span><span style="color: black;">7. 中国疾控艾防中心2019-07-17:《联合国艾滋病规划署<span style="color: black;">颁布</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>艾滋病最新<span style="color: black;">状况</span>报告》 http://www.chain.net.cn/info_view/13215/</span><span style="color: black;">8. http://m.chinacdc.cn/jkzt/crb/yl/azb/kyjz/201911/t20191114_206831.html</span><span style="color: black;">9. https://www.who.int/features/qa/71/zh/</span><span style="color: black;">10.中华医学会感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>学分会艾滋病丙型肝炎学组,中国<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>预防<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>中心.中国艾滋病诊疗指南(2018版).中华临床感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>杂志,2018,11(6):411-432.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-2397.2018.06.002</span><span style="color: black;">11. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3586/201911/c2388ce70bdd404ea6dfcd886591784d.shtml</span><span style="color: black;">12. UNAIDS CHINA:《2020<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>艾滋病防治<span style="color: black;">发展</span>报告》<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>:2020年抗艾<span style="color: black;">目的</span>将<span style="color: black;">没</span>法实现</span><span style="color: black;">http://www.unaids.org.cn/page122?article_id=1200</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>|南都周刊</span><span style="color: black;">END</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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