艾滋病毒仍难治愈:十年过去了,仍仅有一人被治愈
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/ianq03UUWGmKBiaFRAtInJGYgEuY433yBFXWKiaibtzdkjJPuJRibsHTicUCDCdQbw3P0QmgX9CEjWDOxoRu7CEupeaQ/0?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">前言:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">迄今,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>基因疗法让人体细胞对艾滋病毒产生免疫力,人们在这一方面比过去更为<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,这些<span style="color: black;">办法</span>阻止了艾滋病毒进入细胞。这一任务更为简单,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>很<span style="color: black;">长期</span>后<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>复燃的休眠病毒的问题。这些疗法的几个临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>在进行中。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">美国<span style="color: black;">青年</span>男子蒂莫西·雷·布朗(Timothy Ray Brown)是现代医学的奇迹,他被诊断出感染艾滋病毒。12年后,这种病毒<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>在他<span style="color: black;">身体</span>消失了。事实证明,他的干细胞捐献者<span style="color: black;">身体</span>存在一种罕见的名为CCR5-delta32的基因突变。布朗竟对艾滋病毒产生了抵抗力。布朗被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“柏林病人”,这是2007年的事。十年过去了,他仍然是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">独一</span>一个被治愈的艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽管生物医学取得了惊人的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,但找到真正治愈艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>仍困难重重。自20世纪80年代<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>基因疗法(可改变遗传物质)能够<span style="color: black;">供给</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>治愈艾滋病的新途径。布朗的这个病例让<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人感到<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>,但他是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">恢复</span>的,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>仍然困惑不已。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《公共科学图书馆-病原体(PLOS Pathogens)》新近<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>提出了可能治愈艾滋病的新<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,但<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>强调了<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者面临的<span style="color: black;">极重</span>困难。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>作者斯科特·基钦(Scott Kitchen)<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一名<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">恢复</span>了。但这带来了<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>。”该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>由加州大学洛杉矶分校发起。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6Y2ero3FxBHWXCVrWicm3q7v30wCmCicS3C1zcrf94fOYTaQBSP40AyPQcRZsCeHiaho1icFMpfu9Ep8Z5JLzeUIww/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在这项新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者模仿布朗的治愈<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>工程设计的干细胞刺激人体的免疫系统来对抗艾滋病毒。这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>CAR-T免疫疗法。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">基钦<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,“艾滋病毒会损害细胞的免疫反应,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>杀伤力很大。为了有效地清除艾滋病毒,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>激发一种有效的免疫反应。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>正是针对这一方面。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">CAR-T疗法向人类展现了治疗艾滋病的前景。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这种疗法,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>灵长类动物的身体在首次注射后两年多内<span style="color: black;">连续</span>产生CAR表达细胞(CAR-expressing cells),并未产生任何副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者有可能制定出一种<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,以减少<span style="color: black;">病人</span>对抗病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的依赖,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>可能从<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>彻底根除艾滋病毒,并当<span style="color: black;">身体</span>休眠的艾滋病毒死灰复燃时对它们展开袭击。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">基钦指出,“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>认为这是治愈艾滋病的必要<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,可与抗逆转录病毒疗法结合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,找到治愈<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是可能的。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年早些时候,天普大学的<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>CRISPR基因编辑技术成功清除了老鼠细胞中所有的艾滋病毒。</span><span style="color: black;">基因编辑等技术已让治愈艾滋病<span style="color: black;">作为</span>可能,但许多技术<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>依旧存在。</span><span style="color: black;">找到真正的治愈<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,前路漫漫。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">治愈艾滋病的最大<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>是让药效<span style="color: black;">连续</span>足够久,以对抗<span style="color: black;">身体</span>顽强的病毒库。这是加州大学洛杉矶分校<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队试图<span style="color: black;">处理</span>的问题。但为了实现这一目的,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>细胞进行编辑的能力,而不是先移除细胞、在实验室内展开编辑、最后将细胞重新<span style="color: black;">移植</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>这种技术。<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们定位基因的能力<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在改善空间。这些基因分散在全身,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们<span style="color: black;">必须</span>找到它们并进行编辑。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>,艾滋病毒会对疗法产生抗药性,对CRISPR技术<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不例外,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>组合式的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>更有可能成功。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">迄今,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>基因疗法让人体细胞对艾滋病毒产生免疫力,人们在这一方面比过去更为<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>。<span style="color: black;">首要</span>,这些<span style="color: black;">办法</span>阻止了艾滋病毒进入细胞。这一任务更为简单,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">处理</span><span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>很<span style="color: black;">长期</span>后<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>复燃的休眠病毒的问题。这些疗法的几个临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>在进行中。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">基钦指出,“布朗只是一个<span style="color: black;">非常</span>离奇的例子。他经历了两次骨髓移植手术。这<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>病人死亡。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>仍不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>他是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>被治愈的。“</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在加州大学洛杉矶分校的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,最大的难关是,找出把数量尽可能少的干细胞移植到艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的最有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。他<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,理想的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是,<span style="color: black;">研发</span>一种类似疫苗的东西,不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>像骨髓移植这样的侵入性手术。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>而言,这个想法太过“科幻”。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,基钦透露,或许只需两三年<span style="color: black;">她们</span>就能开展临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">真正治愈艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>不太可能马上实现,但<span style="color: black;">起始</span>有了眉目。<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们孜孜不倦的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>让<span style="color: black;">解决</span>这一世界<span style="color: black;">困难</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>遥不可及。</span></p><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6Y2ero3FxBHn23iba9DPTrY8yOKzYQa9PJ5noTFUPUhfYp38tgibia9UtDP4PUR4lG3PJ5NN24MX94V4N8rP57GQg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span>:大河上下</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6Y2ero3FxBEiagpY8EnqXHxKiaR602IbDjbmELdzFKVibJYm2tCu4JD1libZ4ubclbKAb8ialOY8vhCvdUplQHJctqg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">长按关注</p>
外链发布社区 http://www.fok120.com/ 谢谢、感谢、感恩、辛苦了、有你真好等。 期待更新、坐等、迫不及待等。
页:
[1]