同日三篇《自然》!专家们发掘全新致癌机制
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今日,最新一批《自然》论文如期上线。其中,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>看到有3篇论文都<span style="color: black;">触及</span>了同一个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,介绍了RNA剪接与癌症之间的关系。在今天的这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>中,药明康德内容团队<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将与各位读者分享其中的内容。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">意外的非编码DNA</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">先<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>说RNA剪接。在分子生物学中,这指的是在基因转录成RNA后,将内含子切除,将剩余的外显子拼接在一起的过程。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>正确的RNA剪接,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>形成正确的mRNA。先前,人们找到了一种叫做SF3B1的蛋白质,并<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它在癌症中是最容易突变的RNA剪接因子。在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center)与福瑞德·哈金森癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中心(Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center)<span style="color: black;">一起</span>领导的一支团队探索了SF3B1的致病机理。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-48ea36bd91320246e89314583f0962f8_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>SF3B1对生成正常RNA的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性,在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们招募了数百名<span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>癌症的病人,并寻找<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>的RNA变异。在分析后,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>在SF3B1<span style="color: black;">显现</span>突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">身体</span>,BRD9基因转录成的RNA<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">反常</span>——在其序列中,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了一段来自非编码DNA的序列。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">额外多出一段序列后,BRD9编码的蛋白产物自然<span style="color: black;">没</span>法正常工作。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员们进一步<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,BRD9是一种<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的抑癌蛋白。一旦它失去功能,就会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>葡萄膜黑色素瘤(uveal melanoma)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、以及胰腺癌等<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">找到<span style="color: black;">原由</span>后,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员们利用CRISPR技术,对BRD9基因进行了编辑,防止它在RNA剪接的过程中出错;<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>了反义核苷酸的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,阻断非编码DNA的序列进入mRNA。这两种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>都取得了很好的效果,能够<span style="color: black;">控制</span>突变细胞的增殖,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能缩小小鼠<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的肿瘤体积。尽管这还<span style="color: black;">处在</span>极为<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,却给<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>指明了一种潜在的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-f3450d49aff20a06233505463c6a3aa9_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>▲用CRISPR技术<span style="color: black;">纠正</span>错误的RNA剪接,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>缩小小鼠的肿瘤(<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:参考资料)<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>许多遗传突变会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症。SF3B1里的突变,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>与许多癌症类型有很强的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。但过去,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span>SF3B1突变如此频繁,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>找到治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,”本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的通讯作者之一Robert Bradley教授说道:“<span style="color: black;">因为</span>测序技术、计算能力、以及CRISPR基因组工程学的突破,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了SF3B1<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>找到了潜在<span style="color: black;">控制</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">发展</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。”</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">“暗物质”里的致癌突变</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>两项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>里,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们则在人类基因组的“暗物质”中找到了致癌突变。<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的暗物质,指的<span style="color: black;">一样</span>是DNA的“非编码区域”。</p>
期待与你深入交流,共探知识的无穷魅力。
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