超三成癌症找不到原由,麻省理工最新科研有望带来突破
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">为何</span>难治?很大一部分<span style="color: black;">原由</span>在于<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们对癌症的认知还<span style="color: black;">不足</span>。有一个触目惊心的数字:超过30%的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己<span style="color: black;">为何</span>会得癌症。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的身体里找不到诱使癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的基因突变,对症下药<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">没</span>从谈起。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-c47a621572abef6652003a4ded3de7d6_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>▲本<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《自然》子刊《自然-生物技术》上(<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:参考资料)<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本周,来自<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>知名学府麻省理工学院(MIT)的团队<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了一项最新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>了生物医学圈的广泛关注。这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>能够利用人工智能技术,快速扫描癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的基因组,找到<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的潜在致癌突变。这一<span style="color: black;">科研</span>有望<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>们更好地理解<span style="color: black;">病人</span>所<span style="color: black;">病患</span>的癌症,并找到针对性的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>是怎么做的呢?那还要从<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的身体说起。从出生到<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>,人体的细胞在<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">累积</span>着突变。绝大部分突变可能是<span style="color: black;">没</span>害的,但在罕见的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>突变会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。但要找到这个突变并不是件容易的事情:<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你拿出一个癌细胞,里头<span style="color: black;">能够</span>找到成千上万种<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的突变。<span style="color: black;">到底</span>哪一个突变才是癌症的根源呢?</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-d84f01c7b9524fb6418eeeacc3d6746e_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:123RF<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">几十年来,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>们在人类基因组数据的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>下,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>盲人摸象式的探索,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>找到了很多与癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的基因。<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的EGFR和BRAF基因,一旦<span style="color: black;">出现</span>突变,就会让细胞<span style="color: black;">失去控制</span>,<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span>繁殖。找到了根源,<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着找到了治疗的方向。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,针对EGFR或是BRAF基因,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>有不少<span style="color: black;">药品</span>得到<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,治疗<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的癌症,延长<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的生命。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但和所有潜在的致癌突变比起来,这些<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>只能说是杯水车薪了。在人类的基因组里,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>2%的序列编码了蛋白质,剩下的98%对癌症有何贡献,很大程度上依旧是一个谜。“过去<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>缺乏计算的<span style="color: black;">工具</span>,让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法找到这些蛋白编码区域之外的驱动性突变。”本<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的负责人之一Bonnie Berger教授说道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为<span style="color: black;">认识</span>决这一痛点,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员们决定利用新兴的人工智能技术,<span style="color: black;">研发</span>一种全新的计算<span style="color: black;">工具</span>。<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的设想,这些<span style="color: black;">工具</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是从2%的基因组里寻找致癌突变,而是能将范围扩展到100%的基因组!</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-9283c55f603689a23641d7f848179b9d_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:123RF<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">详细</span>来看,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员们利用深度神经网络,<span style="color: black;">研发</span>了一个叫做“挖</p>
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