有100多种癌症几乎会影响身体的每一个部位。癌症的类型一般以癌症形成的器官或组织命名，例如从肺细胞起始的肺癌和从胰腺细胞起始的胰腺癌。癌症亦以形成癌症的细胞类型命名。从特定类型的细胞起始的某些类别的癌症包含:
癌：癌是最平常的癌症类型，由覆盖身身体外表面的上皮细胞形成：腺癌形成于产生液体或粘液的上皮细胞中。大都数乳腺癌、结肠癌和前列腺癌是腺癌。基底细胞癌起始于皮肤外层的下层（基底）层（表皮）。鳞状细胞癌（亦叫作为表皮癌）形成于皮肤外表面正下方的上皮细胞中，并摆列着许多器官，如胃、肠、肺、膀胱和肾脏。过渡性细胞癌形成于一种叫作为过渡性上皮（尿素）的上皮组织，该组织由膀胱、输尿管和部分肾脏和其他器官内衬中的多层上皮细胞构成。
肉瘤：这些癌症形成于身体的软组织，包含肌肉，肌腱，脂肪，血管，淋巴血管，神经和关节周边的组织。骨肉瘤是最平常的骨癌。最平常的软组织肉瘤类型是莱奥米约萨科马、卡波西肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、脂肉瘤和德马托菲布罗萨科马原体。
白血病：这些癌症始于骨髓的造血组织。它们不会形成实体肿瘤
，而是海量反常的白血球积聚在血液和骨髓中。
淋巴瘤：这些癌症起始于淋巴细胞（T细胞或B细胞），抗病白血球是免疫系统的一部分。淋巴瘤的两种重点类型包含霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤
。
多发性骨髓瘤：亦被叫作为血液细胞骨髓瘤和卡勒病，这些癌症起始于血液细胞，一种免疫细胞。
黑色素瘤：这些癌症起始于变成黑色素细胞的细胞，这些细胞是制造黑色素的专门细胞（赋予皮肤颜色的色素）。
脑部和脊髓肿瘤：这些类型的肿瘤是按照它们形成的细胞类型和肿瘤最初在中枢神经系统中形成的细胞类型来命名的。
其他类型的肿瘤：胚芽细胞肿瘤起始于产生精子或卵细胞的细胞。神经内分泌肿瘤形成于细胞，释放激素进入血液，以响应来自神经系统的信号。类癌肿瘤是一种神经内分泌肿瘤，一般存在于胃肠道系统中，一般存在于直肠和小肠中。
There are more than 100 types of cancer that can affect almost every part of the body. Types of cancer are usually named for the organs or tissues in which the cancers form, such as lung cancer that starts in cells of the lung, and pancreatic cancer that starts in cells of the pancreas. Cancers are also named by the type of cells that form them. Some categories of cancers that begin in specific types of cells include.
Carcinomas ：Carcinomas are the most common type of cancer, formed by epithelial cells that cover the inside and outside surfaces of the body; Adenocarcinoma forms in epithelial cells that produce fluids or mucus. Most cancers of the breast, colon, and prostate are adenocarcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma begins in the lower (basal) layer of the outer layer of skin (epidermis). Squamous cell carcinoma (also called epidermoid carcinoma) forms in epithelial cells that lie just beneath the outer surface of the skin and that line many organs, such as the stomach,intestines, lungs, bladder, and kidneys. Transitionalcell carcinoma forms in a type of epithelial tissue called transitional epithelium, or urothelium, which is made up of many layers of epithelial cells found in the linings of the bladder, ureters, and part of the kidneys, and other organs.
Sarcomas：These are cancers that form in soft tissues of the body, including muscle, tendons, fat, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, and tissue around joints. Osteosarcoma is the most common cancer of bone. The most common types of soft tissuesarcoma are leiomyosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcomaprotuberans.
Leukemias：These are cancers that begin in the blood-forming tissue of the bone marrow. They do not form solid tumors but instead large numbers of abnormal white blood cells build up in the blood and bone marrow. Lymphomas：These cancers begin in lymphocytes (T cells or B cells), disease-fightingwhite blood cells that are part of the immune system. The two main types of lymphoma include Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Multiple myelomas：Also calledplasma cell myeloma and Kahler disease, these cancers begin in plasma cells, a type of immune cell.
Melanomas：These cancers begin in cells that becomemelanocytes, which are specialized cells that make melanin (the pigment that gives skin its color).
Brain and spinal cord tumors：These types of tumors are named based on the type of cell in which they formed and where the tumor first formed in the central nervous system.
Other types of tumors ：Germ cell tumors begin in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs. Neuroendocrinetumorsform from cells that release hormones into the blood in response to a signal from the nervous system. Carcinoid tumors are a type of neuroendocrine tumor that is usually found in the gastrointestinal system, often in the rectum and small intestine.
发表于 2024-6-11 20:33:33