肺癌基因检测到底怎么做？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌基因检测的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>与<span style="color: black;">道理</span>？<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做<span style="color: black;">那些</span>项目？做几项最合适？<span style="color: black;">花费</span>是多少？能报销吗？</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-64e96edf15cd8bd6c2b2ac84733a89d4_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上海市肺科医院 胸外科 谢冬告诉您</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span> 什么是肺癌基因检测，肺癌基因检测的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>与<span style="color: black;">道理</span>？是不是所有肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做肺癌基因检测？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么是肺癌基因检测</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌基因检测是针对肺癌癌组织中<span style="color: black;">出现</span>突变的癌基因进行检测，不是正常细胞的基因检测。经常有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>搞不清楚，是不是我做了基因检测，就能<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>，我得肺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>是多少啊？<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，不是<span style="color: black;">那样</span>回事，肺癌基因检测，是针对肺癌组织的。肺癌细胞一旦有了基因突变，它的增殖速度以及繁衍速度就犹如登上了快车道，发展迅猛，但这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是它的弱点，一旦被<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它有基因突变，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>应用相应的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>克制它的突变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2，肺癌基因检测的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>与<span style="color: black;">道理</span>？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上一大类癌症的统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，<span style="color: black;">各样</span>不同基因突变的肺癌<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>不同的生物学<span style="color: black;">行径</span>与特性。分析基因状态<span style="color: black;">就可</span>预判出，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">各样</span>抗癌靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的有效概率，从而判断<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗的疗效。肺癌基因检测是靶向治疗的前提。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">既往<span style="color: black;">无</span>靶向治疗的时代，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>晚期肺癌，传统的化疗只能维持10个月<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的寿命（即使是初始治疗，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>50-60%的肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，化疗有效），而靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>把这个时间<span style="color: black;">加强</span>到平均2-3年<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的程度。可想而知，靶向治疗在肺癌<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的颠覆性<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>所有规范的肺癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗，都会把基因突变检测<span style="color: black;">做为</span>治疗的前提。在肺癌中，<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的基因突变有EGFR、RET、MET、BRAF、ROS1和ALK等。只要查出其中一个，就<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受相应的靶向治疗。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的癌细胞表面有PD-L1蛋白高表达，则可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>将PD-1/PD-L1免疫<span style="color: black;">检测</span>点<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂<span style="color: black;">做为</span>首选治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>这些新疗法更<span style="color: black;">精细</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>与化疗相比，这些治疗<span style="color: black;">一般</span>有效率更高，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>对正常组织的影响更小，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>遭遇的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>比化疗更小。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）<span style="color: black;">能够</span>判断能否<span style="color: black;">运用</span>靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（2）<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用于<span style="color: black;">指点</span>肺癌术后的辅助治疗，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>肺癌靶向治疗以及肺癌免疫治疗</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（3）辅助判断肺癌的预后</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.是不是所有肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做肺癌基因检测？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">并不是的，浸润性肺腺癌、鳞癌以及其他非小细胞肺癌的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，常规<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>做基因检测，小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>的靶点，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不常规<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>做基因检测。还有<span style="color: black;">便是</span>原位腺癌，微浸润腺癌，术后<span style="color: black;">都数</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>靶向治疗，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是常规<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>基因突变检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span> 肺癌基因检测要把病人带过来吗？肺癌基因检测的标本是什么？听说抽血就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做基因检测，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>还要做组织穿刺？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.肺癌基因检测要把病人带过来吗？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">开完刀了，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>做肺癌基因检测，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>把病人带过来吗？其实，这是不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>手术后，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的手术标本<span style="color: black;">保留</span>在病理科，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>在病理科切几张白片，就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>开展基因突变检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌基因检测的标本，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>大体标本（<span style="color: black;">便是</span>手术切下来的肿瘤），穿刺标本（气管镜、经皮肺穿刺，<span style="color: black;">或</span>EBUS，<span style="color: black;">或</span>电磁导航支气管镜下获取的标本），<span style="color: black;">或</span>体液标本（血液、胸水、心包积液等）都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>检测标本。癌组织是最好的检测标本，大体标本优于穿刺标本，体液标本中，恶性胸水，恶性心包积液的阳性率高于血液。当然，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌组织穿刺获取不到的话，血液<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不失一种较好的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.听说抽血就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做基因检测，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>还要做组织穿刺？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">明明抽血<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做基因检测，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>还要做穿刺<span style="color: black;">或</span>活检，让病人受苦还要承担<span style="color: black;">危害</span>？<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>老年病人，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">基本</span>病较多的病人，都会感到疑惑。利用手术或穿刺取得的组织进行基因检测准确度最高</p>
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