【佑安-全国肿瘤防治宣传周】发病隐匿,佑安专家提示胆管癌按时体检早诊早治最要紧
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2024年4月15-21日是全国肿瘤防治宣传周。宣传主题为“综合施策 科学防癌”倡导运用科学手段、整合各方资源,按《健康中国行动—癌症防治行动实施<span style="color: black;">方法</span>(2023—2030年)》<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>,扩大癌症防控科普宣传,倡导<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人做自己健康的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>责任人,普及抗癌健康知识,全面<span style="color: black;">提高</span>全社会癌症防控<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,动员全社会支持和参与癌症防治工作,营造全民防癌抗癌的良好氛围。首都医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>北京佑安医院公众号推出【佑安-全国肿瘤防治宣传周】系列科普,传播防癌抗癌知识。</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">发病隐匿,佑安专家提示胆管癌<span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检早诊早治最<span style="color: black;">重要</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胆管癌是起源于胆管上皮的恶性肿瘤,为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的消化系统恶性肿瘤,胆管癌病人预后<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>很差,5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率不足5%,严重威胁人们的健康,那什么是胆管癌呢?胆管癌有<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>特点?<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>和治疗胆管癌?<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>让<span style="color: black;">大众</span>更加<span style="color: black;">认识</span>胆管癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">胆管癌有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>特点?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>,胆管癌的发病率占所有消化道恶性肿瘤的3%,病死率占全世界每年所有癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>死亡病例的2%。而在中国,每10万名居民中就有6 例胆管癌病人,多见于50-70岁人群,男性发病率略高约女性,男女发病比例约为2~2.6:1,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,近年来胆管癌<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>发病率和死亡率均<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>,且其死亡率很高,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越多的<span style="color: black;">导致</span>人们的<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胆管癌病因是什么?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胆管癌的病因仍不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>公认的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:病毒性肝炎、原发性硬化性胆管炎、慢性肝胆管结石、胆总管囊肿肝吸虫感染。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,炎症性肠病、非酒精性脂肪肝与肝内外胆管癌发病率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>可能<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。肝硬化、糖尿病、<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>、酒精和烟草与肝内胆管癌发病率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>可能<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胆管癌有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>表现?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胆管癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>多<span style="color: black;">没</span>特征性症状,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>常因右上腹隐痛或胀痛就诊。还有一部分病人发病更加隐匿,发病初期<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状,直到<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>皮肤和眼睛变黄,小便变为深黄色<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>浓茶色,而大便颜色却变浅,呈现灰白色,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这种表现则提示胆道梗阻,是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>胆管癌<span style="color: black;">持续</span>生长完全阻塞胆管,胆汁<span style="color: black;">不可</span>流入肠道而瘀滞在<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>,从而会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>大便颜色变浅而身体其他部位变黄的现象。除此之外,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>伴有食欲不振、消瘦等症状,严重者会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>腹泻等表现。如合并胆道结石或胆道感染,还可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>畏寒发热及腹痛等表现。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>皮肤变黄、小便呈浓茶色,大便呈灰白色则<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>是不是<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了胆道梗阻,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要进一步<span style="color: black;">知道</span>梗阻的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>是胆管癌会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>表现,胆管结石等其他的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会有类似的表现。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">诊断胆管癌<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>表现时,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>来<span style="color: black;">知道</span>是不是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了胆管癌呢?接下来<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>一下<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>诊断胆管癌,胆管癌的诊断<span style="color: black;">必须</span>结合临床表现、血液<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、肿瘤标志物<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、内镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>后做出综合判断,常用的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目<span style="color: black;">包括</span>以下几项:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.血液<span style="color: black;">检测</span> 胆道梗阻时,肝功能<span style="color: black;">检测</span>提示胆红素和胆道酶<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。转氨酶可<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,伴有胆管炎时会<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.血清肿瘤标志物 胆管癌<span style="color: black;">没</span>特异性的肿瘤标志物,仅CA19-9、CA125、癌胚抗原有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>价值。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span> 影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>有助于胆管癌的定位、定性诊断及肿瘤分期。磁共振<span style="color: black;">影像</span>(MRI)诊断胆管癌的最佳<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,MRI能<span style="color: black;">表示</span>肝和胆管的解剖和肿瘤范围、<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有肝脏转移。磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)可较好地<span style="color: black;">表示</span>胆管的受累范围,其他<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>腹部超声、高分辨率螺旋(<span style="color: black;">加强</span>)CT、超声内镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET-CT)等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)、经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(PTCD)和十二指肠镜<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是常用的诊断<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.细胞学和组织学诊断 胆管癌的病理学诊断对规划临床治疗<span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,不同组织学类型的胆管癌其<span style="color: black;">出现</span>机制和生物学<span style="color: black;">行径</span>有所不同,病理诊断有助于制订个体化治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>和判断预后。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">胆管癌<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>治疗?</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术切除是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>胆管癌<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>存活的<span style="color: black;">独一</span>有效方式,根治性手术<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>切除了肿瘤本身<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>切除了<span style="color: black;">周边</span>可能转移的淋巴结,是治疗胆管癌最彻底的方式,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>一旦诊断胆管癌<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要<span style="color: black;">评定</span>能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>进行手术,当然<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">已然</span>发展到<span style="color: black;">不可</span>手术时,则<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>系统治疗,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>化疗、靶向、免疫等治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">综上所述,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>胆管癌因<span style="color: black;">没</span>特征性的临床表现,很难做到<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断,即便人们<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>容易被<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>时多为中晚期,失去了根治性手术机会,整体预后比较差,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>人们<span style="color: black;">定时</span>做健康体检,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了身体的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>信号<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>,做到早诊断早治疗。</p>
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