一家8姐妹都患癌！医生提醒：这种状况须高度警觉！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每年的5月25日是世界甲状腺日，5月25日所在的<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>是“国际甲状腺知识宣传周”。甲状腺健康是当今人们非常关心的一个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>，尤其是甲状腺结节、甲状腺癌等甲状腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，正越来越多地受到关注。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">“懒癌”、“幸福癌”、“癌中天使”、“最善良的癌”……这是甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">持有</span>的众多“<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>号”，这些<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>号都<span style="color: black;">表率</span>着同一个意思——甲状腺癌不可怕。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，专家<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的甲状腺癌确实不可怕，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的甲状腺癌很“凶险”，在短短半年内就能夺命。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>，<span style="color: black;">提高</span>对甲状腺癌的认识至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>，<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>做到早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">仅仅两个月</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤就从1公分长到了5公分</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>，35岁的钟女士（化名）<span style="color: black;">由于</span>颈部不适、声音沙哑到宁波大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>医院甲状腺外科/乳腺外科病区副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>殷科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师处就诊。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">经查体，殷科<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>钟女士的颈部有一个很大的肿块，摸起来很硬，细问之下才得知，两个月前钟女士就曾到医院的耳鼻咽喉科看过，当时<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>出颈部有肿块，<span style="color: black;">不外</span>最大直径<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>1公分，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>没太<span style="color: black;">留意</span>，不曾想</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">仅仅过了两个月，这个肿块的最大直径就长到了5公分！</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>，钟女士被诊断为恶性程度较高的甲状腺低分化癌，接受了手术切除。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">殷科介绍，甲状腺癌是头颈部最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的恶性肿瘤，它<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>四种类型：甲状腺乳头状癌、甲状腺滤泡癌、甲状腺髓样癌、甲状腺未分化癌。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其中，<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺乳头状癌最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，约占所有甲状腺癌的90%，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>这种甲状腺癌恶性程度较低、治愈率高、预后较好。</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q2.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240526/cd57765ff1554a5892da9a49efd86f7a.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">殷科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>查体中</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>，在四种甲状腺癌中，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有穷凶极恶者，那<span style="color: black;">便是</span>甲状腺未分化癌。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>甲状腺癌，年纪大的人<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>一种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，那<span style="color: black;">便是</span>颈部本来很正常，某天<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>就能摸到一个肿块，且肿块较硬，<span style="color: black;">短期</span>内就能长得很大，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这种来得快、长得快的肿块很可能是甲状腺未分化癌，是恶性程度非常高的一种甲状腺癌</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">”殷科<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，虽然甲状腺未分化癌多见于65岁以上人群，但<span style="color: black;">青年</span>人<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不可麻痹大意。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“得了甲状腺未分化癌，<span style="color: black;">快速</span><span style="color: black;">成长</span>的肿瘤可能会压迫或侵犯临近器官或组织，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、吞咽困难、声音嘶哑等表现。”殷科介绍，<span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺未分化癌的平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期仅6个月，它的恶性程度<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>比胰腺癌、肝癌更高</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">，“<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人认为甲状腺癌都是懒癌，这是不对的，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">甲状腺未分化癌就非常凶险，须<span style="color: black;">导致</span>高度<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">”</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲状腺癌与甲亢、甲减的症状</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">是“两码事”</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">据<span style="color: black;">认识</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span>甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>的临床症状，常以<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性颈部肿块或结节就诊</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>临床上<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的甲状腺癌百分之七八十都是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>体检<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，而<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤长到比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>症状，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>颈部可摸到肿块，肿块会随着吞咽动作上下活动。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤长到很大，则可能会压迫咽喉、气管等临近器官或组织，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>颈部不适、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、声音嘶哑等症状。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">”</span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">殷科介绍，甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>到更严重的程度，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的颈部侧方还可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿大的淋巴结，这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了颈淋巴结转移。而除了颈淋巴结转移，部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>还可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>远处脏器转移，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>转移至肺、肝和骨骼。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">值得<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，有些人在听到甲状腺癌时会想当然地认为得了甲状腺癌肯定会影响甲状腺功能，于是会把甲状腺癌的症状与甲亢、甲减的症状联想到<span style="color: black;">一块</span>。对此，殷科<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，甲状腺癌的症状与甲亢、甲减等甲状腺功能<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的症状是“两码事”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的甲状腺功能都是正常的，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>并不会像甲亢<span style="color: black;">病人</span>那样<span style="color: black;">显现</span>眼睛凸起、消瘦<span style="color: black;">或</span>脾气暴躁等症状，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会像甲减<span style="color: black;">病人</span>那样<span style="color: black;">显现</span>发胖、怕冷、<span style="color: black;">没</span>精打采等症状。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>当甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术切除甲状腺后，其甲状腺功能才会受到影响。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">一家八姐妹都得了甲状腺癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">发病<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有这些</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">说到</span>甲状腺癌，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人会不由自主地联想到“碘”，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的认知里，甲状腺癌与碘的摄入密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>，殷科<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，碘的摄入与甲状腺癌的关系尚不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>仍<span style="color: black;">无</span>循证医学的证据能够证明碘的过少或<span style="color: black;">太多</span>摄入会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>甲状腺癌，只能说甲状腺癌的发病“可能”与碘的摄入有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>关系。“有些人觉得低碘地区的甲状腺癌发病率<span style="color: black;">必定</span>很低，但事实并非如此，<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">位置于</span>内陆的新疆、甘肃等低碘地区，甲状腺癌发病率就不低。”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">殷科介绍，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>的甲状腺癌的发病<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有：癌症基因和电离辐射。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">“甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都有家族聚集性，我曾经诊治过一个病人，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">她家里姐妹八个都患过甲状腺癌，除了最大的大姐外，其他七个都做了手术切除。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">类似的例子还有不少。说明癌症基因在甲状腺癌的发病中扮演着<span style="color: black;">重要</span>角色。”</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q7.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240526/6bf0bf70dd6e448796e91c45572a054e.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>为甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>做手术</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，甲状腺癌的发病与性别<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>关系，其发病的性别差异<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">女性<span style="color: black;">显著</span>高于男性，发病比例约为4：1</span></strong><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还不<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">为何</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>这种差异，医学界认为可能与雌激素<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。我自己平时接诊的甲状腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>都是女性，男性很少，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有男性<span style="color: black;">病人</span>来就诊，恶性程度<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会比女性更高，复发率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更高，这是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在临床上能够<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的一个特点。”殷科说。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">至于<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人关心的还能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>吃加碘盐的问题，殷科<span style="color: black;">亦</span>表达了自己的观点：“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还不清楚甲状腺癌与碘的摄入到底有什么关系，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不要<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>去减少<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>杜绝碘的摄入。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>平时海<span style="color: black;">制品</span>吃得不多，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>还是要吃加碘盐，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是小<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>小<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>的<span style="color: black;">生长</span>要靠甲状腺素，而甲状腺素的其中一个原料<span style="color: black;">便是</span>碘，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>缺碘，小<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span>会<span style="color: black;">生长</span>得比较慢，智力<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能出问题。当然，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>平时家里的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>海<span style="color: black;">制品</span>，<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>适当减少碘的摄入，<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>不加碘的盐。”</p>
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