好好的细胞为么会癌变?癌症到底是什么诱发的?
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<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">目录</div>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">好好的正常细胞,怎么就变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>癌细胞、<span style="color: black;">从而</span>形成肿瘤了呢?</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">从正常细胞到癌细胞</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>,癌症是一种<span style="color: black;">因为</span>基因突变<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,这种突变既有可能来自于先天遗传,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有可能来自于后天环境对<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">细胞DNA</a></span>的<span style="color: black;">损害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">构成</span>人体的细胞有几十万亿个,它们有着不同的分工,有的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>储存记忆、传递信息;有的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>吞咽、消化食物,汲取能量,维持着人体各项<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">生理功能</a></span>;有的细胞则会<span style="color: black;">持续</span>分裂、增殖,产生新的细胞以代替衰老、死去的细胞,从而保持身体的健康状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在生活之中,<span style="color: black;">外边</span>环境影响,如不<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">健康的生活方式</a></span>、辐射以及感<span style="color: black;">患病</span>毒等,都会对健康细胞的DNA<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">损害</span>。当<span style="color: black;">损害</span>累积到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度,就会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>基因出错,形成突变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,细胞每次分裂、增殖,都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>完成<span style="color: black;">全部</span>细胞DNA的复制。而DNA的复制不是100%准确的,每次复制,都可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>错误,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会产生突变,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是生物学的本质规律决定的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一个或一组基因突变,会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>某些细胞<span style="color: black;">得到</span>生长<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,分裂、增殖不受<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,长得越来越快,这些细胞就变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的“癌细胞”。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-b4a58417df77ea86cb17e31732e9f6f7_720w.webp?source=2c26e567" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:123RF<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">癌细胞<span style="color: black;">出现</span>免疫逃逸</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,癌细胞不等于癌症。人体<span style="color: black;">每日</span>会产生上千个癌细胞,却很少会发展为癌症。这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">防御机制</a></span>,能有效地消灭癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>种防御机制是细胞有安全机制,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>阻止细胞过度分裂和增殖。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>细胞的基因受到了针对这种突变的修复和防护机制所制衡,从而使细胞不至于癌变,<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>非常漫长的过程才会癌变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">第二种防御机制是人体的<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">免疫系统</a></span>。当免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌细胞时,就会发动“攻击”,在癌细胞进一步分裂、增殖之前,就将它们消灭掉。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的免疫系统功能非常强大,能够清掉99.9%的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>突变的癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>,<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌细胞会<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">免疫逃逸</a></span>,能够躲避免疫系统的追杀,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的细胞就有可能变成癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当人体免疫功能较低时,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">癌细胞</a></span>会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>免疫逃逸。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,癌细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很“狡猾”, <span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌细胞会将自己“伪装”成一个正常、健康的细胞,使免疫系统“识别”不出、不去攻击它们,从而逃过免疫系统的追杀。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>,<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">基因突变</a></span>加上免疫逃逸,平均大约<span style="color: black;">必须</span>20年到30年的时间,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">为何</span>癌症整体<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>是一种老年病。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-e56a06026a3e0afd572f9ae3e3d3675a_720w.webp?source=2c26e567" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:123RF<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">发展为恶性肿瘤</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了免疫逃逸的癌细胞,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>一系列的过程,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>发展为<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">恶性肿瘤</a></span>,变成癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>,癌细胞会扰乱细胞正常秩序,<span style="color: black;">持续</span>分裂、增殖;其次,会改造血管通道,<span style="color: black;">保准</span>营养供应充足,为癌细胞的分裂、增殖<span style="color: black;">供给</span>充足的营养;第三,新生成的癌细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会“改头换面”,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>伪装等方式,来<span style="color: black;">诈骗</span>免疫系统,让癌细胞躲开杀身之祸。<span style="color: black;">最后</span>,<span style="color: black;">持续</span>分裂、增殖的癌细胞会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>长成巨大的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>细胞组织,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>令人闻风丧胆的恶性肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,癌细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能会脱离原来的肿瘤,并进入血液或<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">淋巴系统</a></span>,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>将其携带至身体的其他部分,并在新的位置生长、增殖,躲避免疫系统的攻击,形成新的肿瘤。这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常说的癌症扩散或转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总而言之,癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>、发展以及转移等,是一个<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的过程,仍有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">未解之谜</a></span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>能确定的是,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预防的,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>采取一系列<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,有助于减少基因突变的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,降低患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,如健康<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>,多吃蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>和杂粮,少吃烧烤和<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">腌菜</a></span>;戒烟戒酒不熬夜;<span style="color: black;">加强</span>运动,多走多动不发胖;<span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检,进行<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">癌症筛查</a></span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>期待,医学的进步,能帮人们找到战胜癌症的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,减轻人类的痛苦。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">参考资料
Science Surgery: ‘What factors lead to a cell becoming cancerous?’. Retrieved Apr 20,2021,from https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2017/05/26/science-surgery-what-factors-lead-to-a-cell-becoming-cancerous/
Science Surgery: ‘Do we all have potentially cancerous cells in our bodies?’. Retrieved Apr 20,2021,from https://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2018/04/18/science-surgery-do-we-all-have-potentially-cancerous-cells-in-our-bodies/</div>
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