大肠癌为么会病痛，该怎么样止痛？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(一)大肠癌晚期<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>是癌症晚期的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>症状，是晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>痛苦之一。大肠癌产生<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>可分三类。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.肿瘤直接<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)组织毁坏 原发部位肿瘤侵及<span style="color: black;">周边</span>神经或腹膜时，可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>相应部位<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，肿瘤浸润血管可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肠管缺血、坏死，产生剧烈<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。若<span style="color: black;">出现</span>骨转移，肿瘤侵及骨膜或骨髓腔，使其压力<span style="color: black;">升高</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>发<span style="color: black;">患病</span>理性骨折时，会产生骨痛。<span style="color: black;">出现</span>肺转移，晚期侵及胸膜可致胸痛，侵及臂丛神经可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肩臂<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)压迫 肿瘤压迫腰、腹神经丛，可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>腰、腹<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。<span style="color: black;">出现</span>脑转移时，脑肿瘤压迫脑组织会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>头痛和脑神经痛。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-c9872258533a8b789fb475d5649999f5_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)阻塞 肠道被肿瘤阻塞<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肠梗阻，可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>胀痛不适，完全肠梗阻时可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>剧烈绞痛。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，淋巴结转移及血行转移时，癌细胞形成的栓子可阻塞淋巴管及血管，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>其供应部位水肿、缺血<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>坏死，因而产生<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)张力 大肠癌肝转移肿瘤生长<span style="color: black;">快速</span>时，肝包膜被过度伸展、绷紧便可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>右上腹剧烈胀痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.肿瘤溃烂<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肠道穿孔</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>腹腔内感染，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>腹部剧痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗中<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>是癌症治疗的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>并发症。放疗可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>放射性肠炎、神经炎、皮肤炎，放射性骨坏死等;化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>栓塞性静脉炎、中毒性<span style="color: black;">周边</span>神经炎等，化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>滲漏<span style="color: black;">流血</span>管外还会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>组织坏死，这些都会使<span style="color: black;">病人</span>产生<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.肿瘤间接<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">临床上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">少许</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>与肿瘤<span style="color: black;">没</span>关的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，如机体免疫力低下可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>局部感染而产生<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>与患癌后所产生的消极心理<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>，这类<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>有以下特点:时轻时重，症状加重时常与<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力集中<span style="color: black;">相关</span>;部位不定，常表现为游走性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(二)<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>减轻晚期大肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01 心理疏导</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应尤其<span style="color: black;">注意</span>心理疏导，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>受<span style="color: black;">消极</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>的影响会愈发感觉<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>难耐。心情影响病情，会<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>加快、治疗效果差，<span style="color: black;">存活</span>质量大大下降。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-9b31429a2e13e44498f90d4db0625e90_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">热情的关心、细心的照料以及正确的疏导，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>消除疑虑，树立<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>，<span style="color: black;">促进</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>积极<span style="color: black;">协同</span>治疗，从而达到缓解痛苦、改善生活质量、延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期的目的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02 止痛药</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>止痛药<span style="color: black;">运用</span>原则口服给药、按时规律给药、<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>之间的相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>、<span style="color: black;">按照</span>个体<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>药量。世界卫生组织(WHO)<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>的“三阶梯止痛法”，是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>最常用且极为有效的止痛<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>正确的治疗，90％以上的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>得到缓解。三阶梯止痛法是一种<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>程度的不同而分别<span style="color: black;">运用</span>不同等级止痛<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的止痛<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
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