癌症会遗传吗？倘若亲人患这四种癌，千万别大意！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">我是肿瘤专家刘院生，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>有任何肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的疑问，都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>向我咨询或提问，我会<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>解答！ 咨询肿瘤问题请点我！</a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在生活中，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>经常会听到有人说，在某些家族中，癌症就像“传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>”<span style="color: black;">同样</span>，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>多位成员相继、<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">病患</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>好莱坞知名女星安吉丽娜•朱莉，她的母亲、外祖母、小姨都<span style="color: black;">病患</span>乳腺癌……</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-3fcdbba035235130c512fa60b6646b4b_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>家族性癌？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">家族性癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，与多种<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-07427a0b7d759b68a496911b1c6eac34_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，可能是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>家族成员有<span style="color: black;">类似</span>的生活环境和习惯，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>家中有人吸烟，家族<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>中<span style="color: black;">太多</span>食用腌制食品等，可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>多位家族成员患肺癌、胃癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>，还有一种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>世代相传的致癌基因突变<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的，这常被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“遗传性癌症”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">亲人患这四种癌，就要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>了！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>父母被查出肝癌，子女是一级预防对象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">专家提醒，家有肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，其子女<span style="color: black;">没</span>论身体好坏都要进行一次全面的肝脏<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>消瘦、右侧肋下<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、眼<span style="color: black;">周边</span>发黑、乏力等症状时，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>到医院排查肝癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>遗传倾向，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是直系亲属。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，母亲得乳腺癌，女儿得乳腺癌的几率要比其他女性高出2～3倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治疗是乳腺癌最好的预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>症状有乳痛、乳头<span style="color: black;">反常</span>分泌、乳头、皮肤性状改变及乳房肿块，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>的乳腺癌是<span style="color: black;">无</span>症状的，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>要做到<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>就<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>的自检和<span style="color: black;">看病</span>体检。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">03</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌<span style="color: black;">其中</span>有5%～10%属于遗传性胃癌，其中比例最多的要数遗传弥漫型胃癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>认为，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一个家族中，一代或两代人中<span style="color: black;">最少</span>有两人患病，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>一人患病年龄<span style="color: black;">少于</span>50岁，所有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>均为弥漫型，就可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>遗传性胃癌。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的家庭，那就千万要小心了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">04</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大肠癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10%~30%肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有家族史</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">家族性腺瘤性息肉病是遗传性大肠癌的一种，表现为大肠内<span style="color: black;">出现</span>少则几十个多则成千上万个腺瘤性息肉，死亡率较高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大约50%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在10~15岁大肠内<span style="color: black;">起始</span>长息肉，若不<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">干涉</span>，100%会衍变为结直肠癌。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">想要</span>避免“遗传”肠癌，先要查查家族中有<span style="color: black;">无</span>亲人得了结肠息肉病。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四种易遗传癌症<span style="color: black;">这般</span>查</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝癌：甲胎蛋白+<span style="color: black;">彩超</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>：年龄40岁以上，<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>每半年筛查一次。国内<span style="color: black;">都数</span>专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>联合甲胎蛋白检测和肝脏超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>对肝癌高危人群进行<span style="color: black;">定时</span>筛查，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>CT或磁共振<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-b0f9d51aab6e9451fd735ca92b367137_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌：乳腺钼靶</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些人认为CT是万能的，其实并非如此。当CT用于乳腺癌检测时，存在灵敏度不高，对乳腺的特异性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不强的劣势。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>：<span style="color: black;">针对</span>乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>乳腺钼靶照片来判断。相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>乳腺CT，核磁<span style="color: black;">检测</span>效果<span style="color: black;">显著</span>更好。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-ffca20f7265b336c4e6aebbd009b5980_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌：胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌的筛查<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，其他<span style="color: black;">办法</span>检出率都比较低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>：胃癌高危人群可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>直接进行胃镜筛查。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可疑病灶，则取活检送病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-8b4a50c12504f62b40c2a8a6e483db25_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肠癌：肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌筛查最有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>：45~75岁：粪便免疫化学<span style="color: black;">实验</span>（每年）；或高灵敏度创木脂粪便隐血<span style="color: black;">实验</span>（每年）；或多靶点粪便DNA检测（每3年）；结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（每10年）；或CT结肠<span style="color: black;">影像</span>（每5年）；或软式乙状结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（每5年）。</p>
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