结直肠癌怎么治？除了手术还有别的办法吗？
<img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">导语</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌小科普</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌</span></strong></span>是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>范围内最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症之一，近年来发病率和死亡率仍在<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>中。而<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>针对结直肠癌的发病特点制定对应的诊疗手段，<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>治疗预后，<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是当前<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中的热点重点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>，当确诊了结直肠癌后，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>采取<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>呢？</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/3P27IK4lG4kzdMqnQHSxoIJrQdaAthFBMyMibxAvyw4rMMSNEkTzkPXVKGROLx2d81nzzjVLyogrDxib8SaxbFHw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">手 术 治 疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>结直肠癌的治疗中，最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>还是手术治疗，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">独一</span>的能够治愈结直肠癌的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>着过去几十年来科学技术的发展，结直肠癌的手术<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有了很大进步，手术目的<span style="color: black;">已然</span>由单纯的切除肿瘤拯救生命进步到<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还要尽可能<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>生活质量，改善肠道功能，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，手术<span style="color: black;">办法</span>与技能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在进行着革新。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">传统手术</span></strong>、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">腹腔镜手术</span></strong>以及<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">姑息性手术</span></strong>三类。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3P27IK4lG4kzdMqnQHSxoIJrQdaAthFBQQ9qzeTnuFrgswc2yqX0yUEchc8jSFBI41rvKgXiaKZbDiadO3tER96g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">腹腔镜手术</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图源/网络</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">传统手术</span></strong>即传统开腹手术，是腹腔镜技术广泛应用前的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>以结直肠部分切除及肛门部分切除为主，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>原发病灶位置及扩散程度<span style="color: black;">选取</span>，有时还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>采取侵入性手术治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传统手术的缺陷在于术中<span style="color: black;">流血</span>量大，创伤大，易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>感染，术后恢复缓慢，给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来很大<span style="color: black;">不方便</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠腹腔镜手术</span></strong>始于1991年，<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>临床上<span style="color: black;">广泛</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的治疗方式。同传统手术相比，腹腔镜手术伤口更小，恢复更快，更适应现代快节奏的生活。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然并<span style="color: black;">无</span>大样本的实验证明腹腔镜手术能为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来切实的复发率及死亡率的降低，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>其<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">机械<span style="color: black;">损害</span>小、恢复快、并发症少</span></strong>等特点<span style="color: black;">能够</span>使得<span style="color: black;">病人</span>恢复期<span style="color: black;">得到</span>更好的心理及生理状态。近些年来，<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>着科技进步，<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人手术慢慢登上舞台，虽然还未能大规模推广，但<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>中的一种趋势。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3P27IK4lG4kzdMqnQHSxoIJrQdaAthFBj4656TibWDvxDFxoIGgqh3MedbwrwRtDKv0ILQPJdKfgHKYSSfc4M7g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图源/Pixabay</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">姑息性手术</span></strong>指并不进行根治性切除的手术，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肿瘤浸润范围过大或<span style="color: black;">已然</span>转移的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">没</span>奈进行，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的以<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">缓解<span style="color: black;">病人</span>痛苦、延长生命</span></strong>为主，并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>达到根治结直肠癌的目的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>，会切除大部分原发病灶及转移灶，尽最大可能减少<span style="color: black;">病人</span>痛苦，再进行后续观察或进行其它类型治疗，虽然并未根治<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>有<span style="color: black;">科研</span>证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>姑息性手术<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span>寿命，<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>生活质量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">其 它 治 疗 方 法</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了手术治疗之外，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>结直肠癌的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>还<span style="color: black;">包含</span>有<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">化疗</span></strong>、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">放疗</span></strong>、<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">靶向治疗</span></strong>及<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">免疫治疗</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">放疗</span></strong>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>结直肠癌发病位置的特殊性，放疗很少应用于结直肠癌的治疗，但<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会在手术前后<span style="color: black;">做为</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">辅助治疗</span></strong>进行，有<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，在术前进行放疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>减小肿瘤的体积，降低切除难度。美国国立综合癌症网络<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的指南中<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>发展到<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>的结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在手术前接受放疗以使得手术更顺利进行。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>放疗在术后的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>到底有多大<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>确切的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>放疗到底能在多大程度上降低复发或转移的几率，还有待进一步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">化疗</span></strong>，结直肠癌在临床上常用的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>有5-氟尿嘧啶和卡培他滨、亚叶酸钙、奥沙利铂和伊立替康等氟尿嘧啶类化合物。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>晚期结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，奥沙利铂为主的化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>相比 以伊立替康为主的化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>效果几乎<span style="color: black;">没</span>差异，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>互相替代。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而在术后的辅助治疗中，则<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>采用奥沙利铂为主的化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>或口服卡培他滨为主的化疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3P27IK4lG4kzdMqnQHSxoIJrQdaAthFBiazQMAGoAMs224JPxooBSkqfmmZhACAKl8icibKszyOtAMuOZ4hpbsNHg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图源/网络</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">靶向治疗</span></strong>，近些年来，<span style="color: black;">精细</span>医学高速发展，靶向治疗应运而生，它指的是在分子层面确定发病的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>位点，设计针对该位点的<span style="color: black;">精细</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行治疗，<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进入人体后会“直直”向着发病位点结合并治疗，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">杀死癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>不<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>到其它健康的体细胞</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>针对结直肠癌的靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>有两种，分别为针对血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的贝伐单抗，以及针对表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>还在<span style="color: black;">连续</span>进行中。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶向治疗并非对人人都能生效，它<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的基因依赖性，确定能否适用于某位特定<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行基因检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">免疫治疗</span></strong>，这是一种相对更为古老的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，虽然在之前<span style="color: black;">针对</span>结直肠癌并<span style="color: black;">没</span>太好的疗效，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>近些年来<span style="color: black;">因为</span>PD-1蛋白及其受体PD-L1的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>进步，越来越多的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>将免疫治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>推向不同的癌症，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>的热点之一，相信不久后就会有更加喜人的成果。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/3P27IK4lG4kzdMqnQHSxoIJrQdaAthFBopXGBcWucwXkfvicbzexficicOrpQIibYicB8D5mIZWKMicenf6K5OJic6FBQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">结语</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实，除了这些经典的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，1995年，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>者还提出了<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">多学科综合治疗团队（multidisciplinary team，MDT）</span></strong>的概念，即多个科室、不<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>科进行跨学科会诊，为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>全方位确立诊疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。该诊疗模式<span style="color: black;">首要</span>在欧洲多个国家进行推广<span style="color: black;">运用</span>和完善。2008年美国<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在官方<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的指南中指出：转移性结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>进行MDT讨论。我国在2010年<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的指南中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>多次<span style="color: black;">说到</span>“多学科协同”的理念。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>，我国<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>省市的多家医院<span style="color: black;">亦</span>已经<span style="color: black;">起始</span>推广MDT，从各个学科的不同<span style="color: black;">方向</span>为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>更全面的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>，<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的临床诊疗及预后。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">郑荣寿, 孙可欣, 张思维, 等. 2015年中国恶性肿瘤流行<span style="color: black;">状况</span>分析 . 中华肿瘤杂志,2019,41( 1 ): 19-28</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">国家卫生和计划生育委员会《中国结直肠癌诊疗规范（2017年版）》专家组.中国结直肠癌诊疗规范（2017 年版）. 中华临床医师杂志 (电子版), 2018, 12(1): 3-19.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">韦金磊.结直肠癌的临床治疗<span style="color: black;">发展</span>. 中国临床新医学, 2018(2):202-208.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：</span><span style="color: black;">复旦大学中山医院肿瘤防治中心</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3P27IK4lG4mRJv9K5TtysmkyrblOyA1ibK878jzwECZABHibliasibnhulQjtFibC9HicOoicTUZXJwU0qbIW8BZW66JQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">| 版 | 权 | 声 | <strong style="color: blue;">明</strong><strong style="color: blue;"> | </strong></strong></span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文为医界转载，版权归原作者所有，如有<span style="color: black;">不当</span>，请后台留言联系<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>删改。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>，就给我一个</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“在看”</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/LW6jyicrwOUNufz6VjNNBib4xUyH6Vr3f4dOeSNGwmibIkQxZuDswWrASyHODyKhytibbQchVWic4RYssEvEOxiabM4A/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
哈哈、笑死我了、太搞笑了吧等。 你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，非常感谢。 大势所趋，用于讽刺一些制作目的就是为了跟风玩梗，博取眼球的作品。 这夸赞甜到心里，让我感觉温暖无比。
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