注意！这10种癌症可能会遗传给下一代
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在近期热播的电视剧《谢谢你<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>》中，有一段对话让互助君印象深刻，剧中主角肖砚和同事谈及曾有一位母亲患卵巢癌过世，<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>其女儿做BRCA基因检测，结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>为阳性，于是便进行了预防性的输卵管卵巢切除术，以更好地预防卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-0328b077c30da7bd1416e3d0b7efed16_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：谢谢你<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>官方<span style="color: black;">博客</span>账号<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在现实生活中，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>常常听到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的例子：一家几口先后确诊<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的癌症。肿瘤科的<span style="color: black;">医生</span>在问诊时常常<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会询问<span style="color: black;">病人</span>一个<span style="color: black;">重要</span>问题：“家里人有<span style="color: black;">一样</span>患病的先例吗？”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>临床上说的家族遗传性癌症。“家族性肿瘤”被定义为<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肿瘤（癌症）在家族中的<span style="color: black;">累积</span>而<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的肿瘤性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。其中，将一种基因的病理变化从父母传给子女，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>遗传易患癌症的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为遗传性肿瘤综合征。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将为<span style="color: black;">大众</span>介绍十种最可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的家族遗传性癌症以及相应的筛查手段。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">01 卵巢癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变是卵巢癌发展的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>遗传<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>，与普通人群相比，继承这些基因突变的人患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>更高，大约6%的乳腺癌和20%的卵巢癌病例<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>这些基因的致病性变异<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-e9e723a6998bfdc7ad7720402f701912_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1）经阴道超声：有家族遗传史的婚后女性，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>在每年体检中做经阴道超声。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2）基因检测：BRCA 基因检测。已知两个或以上的亲属患过BRCA<span style="color: black;">关联</span>癌症（乳腺癌和卵巢癌等）；两个或以上血亲<span style="color: black;">青春</span>时患过乳腺癌；一位亲属存在已知BRCA1或BRCA2突变。存在以上三种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>的任意一种的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，都<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>优先进行BRCA基因检测筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3）肿瘤标志物筛查：针对卵巢癌的肿瘤标志物筛查<span style="color: black;">重点</span>应用糖原类，CA125是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>临床上用于<span style="color: black;">评定</span>卵巢癌诊疗效果和术后复发最为广泛的肿瘤标志物之一。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">02 胃癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌在世界范围内发病率和死亡率都很高。就遗传<span style="color: black;">危害</span>而言，男性的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>范围预测为40%至67%，女性的预测范围是63%至83%，这在家族遗传性恶性肿瘤中属于相当高的比例了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1）幽门螺旋杆菌测试：清除幽门螺旋杆菌是预防胃癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的父母<span style="color: black;">或</span>兄弟姐妹<span style="color: black;">出现</span>胃癌的最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>策略，期根除幽门螺杆菌可防止肠化生的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2）内窥镜监测：上消化道内窥镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>用来诊断影响食管、胃和十二指肠的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，有利于<span style="color: black;">初期</span>遗传性弥漫型胃癌的诊断，<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>1年1次。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">03 肝癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“肝病家族”，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常常在<span style="color: black;">平常</span>体检中能听到<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一种说法，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>在一个家族中肝功能<span style="color: black;">检测</span>中<span style="color: black;">显现</span>问题的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>都不是个例。有肝癌家族史者相比于普通人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，得肝癌的几率会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>10倍。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-fa03ad1b86c803d9dad890dac93c521b_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>《原发性肝癌二级预防共识（2021年版）》，肝细胞癌的易感人群可分为低危、中危、高危和极高危，其中，年龄≥30岁的慢性乙型肝炎且有肝癌家族史<span style="color: black;">病人</span>被界定为高危人群。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1）肝功能全项 ：肝功能检测是用于<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>诊断和监测肝病或<span style="color: black;">损害</span>的血液<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，适用于家族性遗传肝病人群的筛检。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2）血清AFP+肝脏超声检测：<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于肝癌筛查与监测。高危人群可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>每3-6个月1次常规筛查，每6-12个月1次加强筛查。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">04 肺癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大<span style="color: black;">大概</span>90%的肺癌均与烟草的频繁接触<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。然而吸烟者中仅有10%-15%<span style="color: black;">出现</span>肺癌，而却有10%-15%的肺癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于非吸烟者中。可见，肺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>并非完全由环境接触<span style="color: black;">原因</span>所决定，遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是占据<span style="color: black;">必定</span>比例的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，肺癌筛检手段可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>低剂量计算机断层<span style="color: black;">影像</span>（LDCT）来扫描肺部，以寻找肺癌病灶。如<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>临床反应，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>一年筛查一次，一旦<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺部可疑<span style="color: black;">暗影</span>，则因立即采取其他诊断手法（如MRI等）<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>来确定<span style="color: black;">暗影</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>于肺部肿瘤块。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">05 乳腺癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">家族遗传性乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的BRCA1和BRCA2基因<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>突变，在直系亲属间遗传的可能性很大。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>母亲患乳腺癌，女儿患乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>大约是<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>的两倍，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>母亲和姐姐患乳腺癌，<span style="color: black;">mm</span>患乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>大约是<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>的四倍。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-64fd7b84ffc6a02cc3468b3c76769855_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有家族遗传史的女性，成年后应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行“乳房自检”，如<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>乳房内有肿块、质地较硬等<span style="color: black;">反常</span>时，应尽早到医院就诊。25岁起每年进行一次乳房MRI<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，30岁起每年进行一次乳房MRI<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和乳房X光<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，35岁以后进行钼靶摄片，以便及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>乳腺癌。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">06 胰腺癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，在胰腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，约10%的发病率是来自于胰腺癌家族性遗传发病。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>父母一方<span style="color: black;">或</span>兄弟姐妹<span style="color: black;">身患</span>胰腺癌，<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>患病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>将<span style="color: black;">增多</span>3-5倍，及早防范是胰腺癌的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>规避<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1）基因检测: <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家中多名亲属<span style="color: black;">身患</span>胰腺炎或胰腺癌，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行胰腺癌基因检测及早筛查防范。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2）<span style="color: black;">定时</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>MRI<span style="color: black;">或</span>CT：有家族遗传史的人群<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在每年体检中<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>MRI或CT，结合外周血肿瘤标记物CA199/CEA/CA125等<span style="color: black;">同期</span>进行检测。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">07 鼻咽癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鼻咽癌发病有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的种族易感性、地区聚集性和家族倾向性。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>鼻涕带血或吸鼻后吐出带血鼻涕，以及不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的颈部淋巴结肿大、中耳积液等，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>做<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>的鼻咽部<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-17334a2aa09c698d8d86a939de886630_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">EB病毒<span style="color: black;">关联</span>抗体检测：这是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>主流的初步筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>提倡多项EB病毒抗体联合进行检测，比较<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的组合是：Rta-IgG、VCA-IgA和EA-IgA。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">08 结直肠癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌是占据家族遗传性肿瘤中比例最大的一种。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>估计，在结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的一级亲属中大约30%的遗传率。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家里有一位直系亲属患家族性肠息肉病或直接<span style="color: black;">身患</span>结直肠癌，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>其子女或兄弟姐妹就<span style="color: black;">必要</span>到医院进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1）肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>：结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>在结直肠癌筛查中不可替代，结肠镜下活检或切除标本的病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>是结直肠癌确诊的金标准。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2）粪便隐血<span style="color: black;">实验</span>（fecal occult blood test, FOBT）：FOBT是结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">没</span>创筛查的最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段，适用于有家族遗传史的人群筛查。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">09 前列腺癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前列腺癌是泌尿系统癌症中最易遗传的类型之一，估计约40%~50%的前列腺癌与遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>父亲、叔伯或兄弟<span style="color: black;">身患</span>前列腺癌，则患上前列腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会加倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）测试<span style="color: black;">便是</span>确定男性血液中蛋白质的含量。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>家族遗传性前列腺易患人群<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<span style="color: black;">定时</span>去做PSA<span style="color: black;">检测</span>将会及早防范前列腺癌的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">10 子宫内膜癌</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">约20%子宫内膜癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有家族史，有子宫内膜癌家族史的其他家庭成员子宫内膜癌的发生危险<span style="color: black;">亦</span>相应<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，有家族遗传史的女性<span style="color: black;">出现</span>子宫内膜癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>大约为普通人群的1.5倍。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-652c88665ad8b7483dbdab7e84fd7c73_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div><span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：摄图网<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">筛查手段</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">子宫内膜癌的筛查尚<span style="color: black;">处在</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>每年进行子宫内膜活检以<span style="color: black;">评定</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span>有癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">END</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>环境恶化和现代人精神压力等<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>的影响，家族遗传性癌症虽然占所有癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>群体中比例并不高，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，即一旦携带致病基因就<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>可能会确诊，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>不容<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了预防和杜绝，经由<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的家族史调查或是<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肿瘤病理特征，及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>这一影响，进行基因诊断确认，及早进行筛检或是其他预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。如此一来，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>家族遗传罹癌而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的死亡率<span style="color: black;">能够</span>大幅改善，从此<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>惧怕遗传所带来的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. Choi YJ, Kim N. Gastric cancer and family history. Korean J Intern Med. 2016;31(6):1042-1053.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. Hansford S, Kaurah P, Li-Chang H, et al. Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer Syndrome: CDH1 Mutations and Beyond . JAMA Oncol. 2015;1(1):23-32.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 中国抗癌协会家族遗传性肿瘤专业委员会. 中国家族遗传性肿瘤临床诊疗专家共识（2021年版）（3）—家族遗传性胃癌. 中国肿瘤临床, 2021, 48(24): 1248-1252.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. 国家消化系<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>临床医学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中心(上海), 国家消化道早癌防治中心联盟,中华医学会消化病学分会幽门螺杆菌和消化性溃疡学组, 等. 中国居民家庭幽门螺杆菌感染的防控和管理专家共识(2021年) . 中华消化杂志,2021, 41(4) : 221-233.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. Dongiovanni P, Romeo S, Valenti L. Hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver: role of environmental and genetic factors. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(36):12945-12955.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 中华医学会肝病学分会.原发性肝癌二级预防共识(2021年版).中华肝脏病杂志,2021,29(03):216-226.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. 2. Tokuhata GK, Lilienfeld AM. Familial aggregation of lung cancer in humans. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1963;30:289–312.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8. Gu J, Hua F, Zhong D, Chen J, Liu H, Zhou Q. . Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 2010 Mar;13(3):224-9. Chinese.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9. Yamauchi H, Takei J. Management of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2018;23(1):45-51.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10. Rebbeck TR, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL et al (2002) Prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. N Engl J Med 346:1616–1622.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11. Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(44):9694-9705.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12. Lee NY, Sherman EJ. Nasopharynx cancer: Induction or adjuvant? That is the question. Cancer. 2020;126(16):3620-3623.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13. Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1164:11-34.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14. 国家癌症中心,国家肿瘤质控中心结直肠癌质控专家委员会.中国原发性结直肠癌规范诊疗质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>指标(2022版).中华肿瘤杂志,2022,44(07):623-627.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15. Braun MM, Overbeek-Wager EA, Grumbo RJ. Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Cancer. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(6):468-474.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/觅健科普君</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">封面<span style="color: black;">照片</span>：摄图网</p>
一看到楼主的气势，我就觉得楼主同在社区里灌水。 “沙发”（SF，第一个回帖的人）
页:
[1]