癌症会遗传吗?肿瘤专家:肯定的!尤其这几种
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">生活中,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常常能看到「一家几口<span style="color: black;">同期</span>患癌」的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>家族中有人得了癌症,自己可能会被遗传吗?</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">「答案是肯定的!」</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">重庆市肿瘤医院肿瘤学实验室副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>易琳 2018 年 1 月在<span style="color: black;">发布</span>的刊文<span style="color: black;">中间商</span>绍,肿瘤是一种多基因遗传易感性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>存在家族聚集的现象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你家人中有人患癌,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>你<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要好好<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>!</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症确实存在有家族遗传聚集现象!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">梅艳芳</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">梅艳芳是<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都<span style="color: black;">喜欢</span>的明星, 2003 年不幸因宫颈癌去世。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>的是,梅艳芳兄妹 4 人都患上癌症,她的姐姐梅爱芳<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>宫颈癌 2000 年去世。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">梅艳芳和姐姐梅爱芳同是宫颈癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋美龄</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宋美龄的宋氏家族,在民国时期是赫赫有名的四<span style="color: black;">大众</span>族之一。宋美龄其实<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一个癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,患上乳腺癌和卵巢癌。更不为人知的是,宋家两代人竟然有 6 个癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>!</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">著名的宋氏三姐妹</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">安吉丽娜朱莉</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>最安吉丽娜朱莉是最著名的,有癌症遗传史,并且提早采取预防性<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的案例,据朱莉介绍,自己的母亲曾经与癌症斗争了近十年,于 56 岁时去世。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>妈妈给她遗传了 BRCA1 基因,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>患乳腺癌和卵巢癌的几率,分别是 87% 和 50% 。她决定采取主动<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>乳房切除。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">朱莉母系家族有着严重的乳腺癌症史</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2016 年顶级临床医学刊物《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)刊发了哈佛大学<span style="color: black;">专家</span>与丹麦和芬兰<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员合作进行的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>有 22 种癌症属于遗传<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,会在家族之间世代相传。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的癌细胞</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,如有同胞手足得这些癌症,其他兄弟姊妹得<span style="color: black;">一样</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>会<span style="color: black;">加强</span> 33% 。不同的癌症, 遗传<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不同。这是有史<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>规模最大的历时最长的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>遗传与癌症之间关系的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这几种癌症最容易遗传!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,人类对癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>机制尚不完全<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症的病因还不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,已被证明<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>遗传倾向的癌症有 30 余种。<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较高遗传率的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症有乳腺癌、肝癌、胃癌等,以及结直肠癌、卵巢癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌:儿女<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高 2~3 倍</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>遗传倾向,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是直系亲属间遗传的可能性很大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上世纪 90 年代,乳腺癌的易感基因 brca1 、 brca2 被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,但仅有 5%~10% 的乳腺癌与基因遗传<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,家族中母亲或姐妹一人患了乳腺癌,其女儿或姐妹患乳腺癌的几率比<span style="color: black;">通常</span>女性高 3 倍<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝癌:子女是一级预防对象</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝癌存在家族聚集现象,某些遗传缺陷会<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>肝癌的危险性<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>父母被查出肝癌,子女就该<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span>慢性乙型肝炎<span style="color: black;">病人</span>或乙肝病毒携带者,很容易<span style="color: black;">经过</span>乙肝病毒感染<span style="color: black;">导致</span>病毒性肝炎,继而<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肝硬化,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肝细胞严重受损,<span style="color: black;">出现</span>癌变。而儿童的乙肝病毒感染大多<span style="color: black;">因为</span>母婴传播<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌:与遗传有很大关系</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在所有胃癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中,有<span style="color: black;">显著</span>家族聚集倾向的占 10% 。<span style="color: black;">海量</span>资料<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,家族肿瘤史,尤其是直系亲属的胃癌史是胃癌的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。胃癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>亲属比其他人患胃癌的危险性高 2~3 倍。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌:子女<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高 50%</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">家族性结肠息肉易发展成结直肠癌,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>父母<span style="color: black;">身患</span>因<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的结直肠癌,其子女患上同类癌症的可能性高达 50% 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卵巢癌:与遗传有很大关系</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">约 20%~25% 上皮性卵巢癌与遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌、卵巢癌、结直肠癌等家族史,都可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>家族中女性成员的卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基因卫士——癌症超早期预警</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">世界卫生组织提出,近一半的癌症是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预防的, 1/3 的癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>癌症筛查及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在肿瘤对身体「下手」前,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>进行癌症筛查非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症虽然不可控,但<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被预警。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症大部分是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>基因突变产生,并带有<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的遗传倾向,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在癌症未<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>,用基因检测针对肿瘤的基因图谱进行测试,确定<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>突变,便<span style="color: black;">能够</span>为你<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一份「基因档案」。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对患病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>进行科学预测,为受检者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>相应的健康<span style="color: black;">指点</span>,有针对性地开展<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>预防;或针对已患癌人群量身定做一套最适合的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,从而最大程度地<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治疗的有效率,减少<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的毒副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,避免用药<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>贻误治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>以乳腺癌为例:</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>要提前 10 年,是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>从乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率数据来看,<span style="color: black;">初期</span> 5 年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">能够</span>到 99% ;中期 5 年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率降至 86% ;晚期 5 年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">仅有</span> 27% 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国平均五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率约为 55.9 ~ 73%,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人临床确诊<span style="color: black;">已经是</span>中晚期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中仅 5.2% 的乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>常规筛查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,患病的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治愈率<span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到 90% 以上,而晚期的治愈率却<span style="color: black;">小于</span> 30% 。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">越早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>才越容易治愈。这对癌症<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,都是这个道理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">科普中国、健康时报</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">部分<span style="color: black;">照片</span>来自网络 侵删</p>
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