结直肠癌恶性肿瘤的治疗办法有哪些
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BQ7ibNlmPhEhibd2QE1GJKuwovxtCHvmLFtgGGatMfAsPkeKAuia87SfeVAqXghez3N8emSzJ2cic5CmInoMqZksYQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">结直肠癌以手术治疗为主（造口手术）。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>永久性人工肛门，给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>生活带来<span style="color: black;">极重</span><span style="color: black;">不方便</span>和严重的精神<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>，以至于<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>宁肯<span style="color: black;">选取</span>死亡，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不愿接受腹壁结肠造口。直肠癌手术治疗能否保住肛门，是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>关心的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>问题。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/BQ7ibNlmPhEiazS4SNURRgFt9JXf6nbpUSbviaLF2VnBNhcBoOkaqcXXiaVTagUPZ4dFAX4NSwvG4GC9g7ddgyKjgg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能否保住肛门<span style="color: black;">重点</span>跟肿瘤生长在直肠中的位置，以及手术技巧<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。过去认为，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤的位置在距肛缘5-6cm以上，并在<span style="color: black;">保准</span>根治性切除的前提下，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>行保肛手术；但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肿瘤的位置距肛缘5-6cm以内，<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要<span style="color: black;">保准</span>直肠肿瘤的根治性切除，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>直肠肿瘤的根治性切除，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>保肛就失去了<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/BQ7ibNlmPhEiazS4SNURRgFt9JXf6nbpUSmvb2ps98xjyVIvmgurU8pCXB9l8KkcTtVPoxPdlGV6XFlveCIqJsUw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">术前的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>距离仅<span style="color: black;">做为</span>参考，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>能否保肛是在术中充分游离直肠后，由病变的早晚、分化程度、组织学类型，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的身材、胖瘦、骨盆的宽窄及充分的安全长度等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>决定。随着双吻合器的普及，<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，肿瘤下切缘能<span style="color: black;">保准</span>≥2cm者可行保肛；<span style="color: black;">意见</span>行新辅助治疗后再<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>手术治疗。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BQ7ibNlmPhEiazS4SNURRgFt9JXf6nbpUSd4cWkkcPKYb3D1m3w68Mgiau4l1uMRhL8WhJPsBv0c83icrQvsh21GDw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，保肛<span style="color: black;">需求</span>：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①不降低<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">②不<span style="color: black;">增多</span>局部复发率</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③<span style="color: black;">保准</span>控便、排便功能健全或比较健全</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/BQ7ibNlmPhEiazS4SNURRgFt9JXf6nbpUSvjGniaAicHndKGYqJ8vC28ETG8dNvNf1SFGnyggNn7UAUTSGq8qc1I4w/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">结直肠癌的新辅助治疗</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">新辅助治疗即同步放化疗。新辅助治疗的目的在于<span style="color: black;">加强</span>手术切除率，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>保肛率，延长<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>病<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期。新辅助治疗适用于腹膜反折以下的直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。除结肠癌肝转移的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>外，不<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>结肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术前行新辅助治疗。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/BQ7ibNlmPhEiazS4SNURRgFt9JXf6nbpUS9UDDAgUFlJ5E4FZeibOne75ZF1QNtZhibFKeeBnlPXMmYZzeonDHvZVQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">直肠癌放射治疗</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">直肠癌放射治疗或放化疗的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的为：辅助治疗和姑息治疗。辅助治疗的适应证<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对：Ⅱ~Ⅲ期直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>；姑息性治疗的适应证为：肿瘤局部区域复发和(或)远处转移的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>某些<span style="color: black;">不可</span>耐受手术的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>试行根治性放射治疗。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BQ7ibNlmPhEiazS4SNURRgFt9JXf6nbpUSd4cWkkcPKYb3D1m3w68Mgiau4l1uMRhL8WhJPsBv0c83icrQvsh21GDw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">辅助化疗</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Ⅲ期及高危Ⅱ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应进行辅助化疗。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/BQ7ibNlmPhEiazS4SNURRgFt9JXf6nbpUSCp5et67r695o6aV2STy5QeFMWpokrMySJFqLrGNYudC82lezRtNuHQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">晚期化疗</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Ⅳ期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应进行一线治疗，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>耐受化疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应进行最佳支持治疗。</span></p>
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