tw4ld6 发表于 2024-5-22 12:25:30

癌症会有家族遗传吗?哪种癌比较容易遗传


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>杭州日报<span style="color: black;">报告</span>了朱女士一家,她确诊甲状腺癌,父亲胃癌、肾癌、肺癌、结肠癌,哥哥淋巴瘤,两位姑姑乳腺癌,叔叔肝癌,堂哥肺癌,堂弟肺癌。懂<span style="color: black;">有些</span>医学常识的她找到了省肿专家,想弄清楚<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。<span style="color: black;">最后</span>确认这一家<span style="color: black;">身患</span>罕见遗传肿瘤<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>——李法美尼<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>,它<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>TP53基因种系致病性突变<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>除了在八位肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>外周血中检测到这个突变,其他直属亲戚成员中<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了携带了突变基因。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/IGMm5mibicNXiaIgW7QiaK9GvJuTgFJmiakWyHBjm5B9q2kAvWjFkoBIGPCdSJnrk64foUKS4Pcrm91gXKM8YX4BIJQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">因TP53基因突变<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的李法美<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>在遗传性肿瘤中比较少见,发病率<span style="color: black;">一般</span>为1 /20000, 它有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>特性:<span style="color: black;">病人</span>年纪比较轻、可<span style="color: black;">出现</span>多种不同肿瘤。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那除了李法美尼<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>以外,还有什么癌症会遗传?</p>
    <strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span>家属要小心癌症遗传?</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症肯定是有遗传性的,约超过八分之一的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的可遗传基因突变。人的两万多个基因中,与患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>的基因不少,但<span style="color: black;">重要</span>的基因<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>几个。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些基因<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>了<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的突变,携带这类基因缺陷的人,<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>中患癌的几率将超过一半。那有<span style="color: black;">无</span>什么预警<span style="color: black;">能够</span>观察自己有<span style="color: black;">无</span>危险?下面三条只要满足其中一条,就要打起十二分的精神来了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 亲属中多发,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>多于三个,或两代人、多代人都患癌(相同或不同肿瘤)</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. <span style="color: black;">显现</span>了50岁以下患癌的亲属</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. <span style="color: black;">显现</span>了一人患多种癌或罕见癌症</p>
    <strong style="color: blue;">哪种癌症遗传<span style="color: black;">危害</span>更高?</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>很可怕,但总的<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>比较少见。以下这几类<span style="color: black;">平常</span>肿瘤的遗传倾向较高。</p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/IGMm5mibicNXiaIgW7QiaK9GvJuTgFJmiakWyloobhGGzAM51CmJHx7q5jROrRQiaEKnfH64WLaB0Z9ic36HBrib3wHQag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、乳腺癌</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有乳腺癌家族史。如有一位近亲患乳腺癌,那患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>1.5到3倍;如两位近亲患乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>7倍。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>应尽早做BRCA基因检测,若BRCA1或BRCA2基因突变,那患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">达到</span>到50%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>,应听从<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>降低患癌几率。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">凡是有乳腺癌家族史的人避免接触外源性雌性激素,不可随意用保健品。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,携带BRCA基因突变的人应早婚育,能起到<span style="color: black;">守护</span>乳腺效果。</p><strong style="color: blue;">2、子宫内膜癌</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span>子宫内膜癌是散发性的,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>遗传<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>占5%~10%。未满50岁、有结肠癌或子宫内膜癌家族史、遗传性非息肉性结肠癌等是子宫内膜癌的高危人群,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>40岁前应做遗传性子官内膜癌筛查。女性绝经期和更年期正是此癌的高发时间段,多留意<span style="color: black;">自己</span>症状,若<span style="color: black;">显现</span>血性白带和阴道不规则流血,应<span style="color: black;">马上</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</p><strong style="color: blue;">3、结直肠癌</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">若直系亲属中有1人<span style="color: black;">身患</span>结直肠癌,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">提高</span>两倍以上;若一级亲属中有两名结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,那自己患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高达6.9%。凡是有结直肠癌家族史的人,从40岁后就应该做预防性筛查,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目是粪便潜血和结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>每6个月做次粪便潜血<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>健康,遵循低盐低油、高膳食纤维的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>结构,积极治疗慢性便秘和息肉等。</p><strong style="color: blue;">4、卵巢癌</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然卵巢癌的发病率低,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>恶性程度高,<span style="color: black;">况且</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有遗传倾向。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是BRCA1或BRCA2基因突变携带者,患卵巢癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>高达23%至54%。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>卵巢在盆腔深处,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>卵巢癌难以<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,凡是有卵巢癌家族史的人应做BRCA基因检测。若突变基医携带者<span style="color: black;">无</span>完成生育前,应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>做盆腔<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和肿瘤标志物<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>要联合阴超筛杳。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/IGMm5mibicNXiaIgW7QiaK9GvJuTgFJmiakWyRZUqUhDicVV5nYQCgG2OGveoaBTnRu3xicyhsGKAAqEQsyxZASKYDOpg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><strong style="color: blue;">5、胃癌</strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有很高的遗传倾向,有5%~10%是属于遗传性胃癌,超过40岁、一级亲属中有胃癌病人都是胃癌的高危人群,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>去医院做胃镜筛查。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后,要说明的是遗传,只能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>科学手段来判别。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能做的<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检与筛查,保持<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>的态度和健康的生活习惯。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">加入病友交流互助群,扫二维码</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">发送病种和报告给博士,<span style="color: black;">就可</span>邀请进群</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">↓</span><span style="color: black;">↓</span><span style="color: black;">↓</span><span style="color: black;">↓</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XRHBYRs5AVXu9aLBvac7Z78b1QPI7B7htP54syRyv3uz4555mqTpJGOYNQJciaKQlpB0Pu8BPD3RiaUSc07SkQ4Q/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>




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