手术会不会把肿瘤弄破，引起癌细胞扩散、转移？医生告诉你真相
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4V9cVGz8u7Y0ziayVljZNZMET5B1j0ZZbbMWljEPu9Z3f8zIhbpfPc6uywXwibAtxjKEgBcsUbBXnuM5jzYkqpPQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你相信奇迹吗？王老（化名）在过去的30<span style="color: black;">数年</span>里<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">每日</span>都要抽20支香烟</strong>，80岁时因声音嘶哑、咯血等症状入院<span style="color: black;">看病</span>，胸部X线结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，左肺门有轮廓<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的病变，胸部CT<span style="color: black;">表示</span>左上叶恶性肿瘤，左肺门和纵隔淋巴结肿大，确诊肺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">因支气管活检失败，于是采用视频辅助胸腔镜手术，切除主动脉下淋巴结，且病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>为小细胞肺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">术后，王老<span style="color: black;">无</span>接受化疗、放疗，<span style="color: black;">保持</span>出院。而小细胞癌是一种高级别侵袭性癌症，5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率仅7%，<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>到王老的年龄和身体<span style="color: black;">情况</span>，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>们都一致认为<span style="color: black;">状况</span>不容<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>，王老<strong style="color: blue;">可能最多<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>15-20个月的时间</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而4年后，王老因身体严重衰弱，<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>，再次<span style="color: black;">看病</span>。这次<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，王老的左肺门病变消失，左上叶、纵隔和肺门等部位的小细胞癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>大幅度缓解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可惜的是，王老腹部CT和胃镜结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>胃癌晚期，拒绝治疗后40天去世。虽然王老<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>逃脱病魔之手，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>他的癌症自愈现象却让不少人为之震惊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/4V9cVGz8u7ZWKEJqgIHAl1nWdMtPs413ykicgWgMhnN0PpVpZLY8ukenPBicnrjymRdGf7IxYhibmOicfGFl8a0vtQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>癌症不治疗，真的能神奇消失吗？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症在<span style="color: black;">公众</span>的认知中，是难以治愈的顽疾，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>王老的癌症却自发缓解，其实这类现象尽管罕见，却并非独一份，医学上早有记载。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症自发缓解，指的是恶性肿瘤在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>未经治疗或<span style="color: black;">显著</span>不充足治疗下，自发缓解的一种现象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>于13世纪，一名骨肉瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>因严重细菌感染<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿瘤消退。到了19世纪后期，美国一名<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>发烧可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿瘤消失，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>了细菌疫苗，减小了部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关联</span>已知文献中记载的此类现象多达上千。：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">黑色素瘤</strong>：一名女性<span style="color: black;">病患</span>黑色素瘤13年，诊断19个月后，癌症发展恶化，<strong style="color: blue;">多次发烧后大部分肿瘤消退</strong>，剩余部分稳定维持；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌</strong>：一名44岁女性，保乳手术后11年确诊恶性乳腺癌，细针穿刺1个月后，观察到<strong style="color: blue;">肿瘤缩小消退，病理<span style="color: black;">检测</span>未<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌细胞</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/4V9cVGz8u7ZWKEJqgIHAl1nWdMtPs4131Hc5yrtibZDSIiaGspYSA37UHkaU4jBC8fYZRbSSAcEHooQQe5YpuDuw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>自发缓解的可能性有多大？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《柳叶刀子刊（eClinicalMedicine）》<span style="color: black;">发布</span>重磅分析<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，该<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">根据</span>多项标准纳入了2015至2021年进行的多项随机对照<span style="color: black;">实验</span>，其中亚组数据分析结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，不同随机对照<span style="color: black;">实验</span>中安慰剂的总缓解率存在<span style="color: black;">显著</span>异质性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以肿瘤类型分析：安慰剂对不同原发肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗缓解率差距<span style="color: black;">明显</span>，其中前列腺癌、肉瘤、肝细胞癌、胃食管癌分别为7%、4%、2%、1%。肺癌、结直肠癌等其他癌症为0。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以不同治疗线数分析：首治、晚期一线和二线治疗安慰剂缓解率<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>差异，分别为4%、1%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，不经活性<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗，癌症自发完全消退极其罕见，且<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<strong style="color: blue;">1%的人不接受任何活性<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能实现完全缓解</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说，癌症的自发缓解是一件概率极低且毫<span style="color: black;">没</span>规律的幸运事件，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能和某些个体的基因<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">既然<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">保准</span>自己是“天选之子”，面对癌症，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>仍需积极治疗，以<span style="color: black;">阳光</span>的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>去抓住每一个治疗机会。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/4V9cVGz8u7ZWKEJqgIHAl1nWdMtPs4134OXJsADTcTpFuPYjPlKFSRIpQzy1rLdcfPnf4v49L2zUezLK9B46Mw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>手术会不会把肿瘤弄破，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌细胞扩散？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">穿刺是癌症诊断和治疗过程中<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的一环，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>担心穿刺过程会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肿瘤扩散而拒绝，<span style="color: black;">并不</span>用太过担心。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">广州中医药大学<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">附庸</span>医院副院长林丽珠教授<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>：国内外<span style="color: black;">海量</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>证实，<strong style="color: blue;">穿刺可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>扩散的几率是千分之几</strong>，是<span style="color: black;">非常</span>罕见的小概率事件。现<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的空心套管细针穿刺活检术，对器材进行<span style="color: black;">守护</span>，<span style="color: black;">极重</span>程度上预防了扩散的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而老<span style="color: black;">大众</span>之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>觉得肿瘤扩散和穿刺<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>大部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>体检时<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>中晚期<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>误解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那手术过程中，会存在不小心把肿瘤弄破，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌细胞扩散的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>吗？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对此，厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科潘战和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，确实有可能。手术过程中，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌组织意外掉落形成种植，就会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>种植转移</strong>，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌扩散。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>在肿瘤外科手术中，需遵从“<span style="color: black;">没</span>瘤原则”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>瘤原则，指的是在手术过程中，要<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的规则，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>远离癌组织、整块切除、先断静脉后断动脉、避免撕扯<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、动作轻柔、妥善处理癌组织等等，目的<span style="color: black;">便是</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">保准</span>癌组织不以任何方式遗留和扩散</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/4V9cVGz8u7ZWKEJqgIHAl1nWdMtPs4131wZA8DepNF9ysicyxxbfvSNd8KHEPt5Edaxia7ZcZib4VfWibvL5ia6XtEg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，提醒癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>术前<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要做好准备，不要急着做手术。其次，不要追求微创，安全除瘤才是最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的。最后，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">可靠</span>的医院和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，癌症手术<span style="color: black;">必须</span>丰富的经验，最好是优秀的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>团队，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">保证</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>好<span style="color: black;">心理</span>能杀死95%癌细胞？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有说法<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>：好心态能杀死95%癌细胞，即便得了癌症，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">心理</span>好，肿瘤能自己消失</strong>。好<span style="color: black;">心理</span>对病情恢复确有<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>切勿<span style="color: black;">茫然</span>自信。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">知名刊物《Nature Communications》上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>过一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员在黑色素瘤和肺癌小鼠模型中<span style="color: black;">经过</span>刺激大脑腹侧被盖区（VTA）中的多巴胺释放神经元，从而达到<span style="color: black;">增多</span>快乐因子和激活免疫细胞表达的目的。14天后，小鼠肿瘤平均减小46.5%，肿瘤降低52.4%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说，好心情确实可能会促进病情恢复，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在该实验中，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">同期</span>激活了免疫系统，并非单纯靠好心情，且小鼠肿瘤<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>完全消失。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要理性地看待<span style="color: black;">心理</span>问题，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>机制<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是有多重<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong>，并非某方面特定<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>治疗的<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要多管齐下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/4V9cVGz8u7ZWKEJqgIHAl1nWdMtPs413oDPAWCXTbP7YNwcOzgia4mJEUt6cmU9MWAVZAqqmJILRAPtAeEQCrtg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阳光</span>积极只是治疗过程中的辅助，千万不要当成<span style="color: black;">重点</span>疗法，抗癌还是要靠科学有效的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>要多学习癌症知识，知己知彼百战不殆，<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>树立正确的认知，<span style="color: black;">才可</span>更好地打败病魔。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4V9cVGz8u7Y0ziayVljZNZMET5B1j0ZZbicoDokOOg2EL8xMQ6aibvhP88NJQWZjXtWVuncMpATUlEG8gYSqLyv6g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4V9cVGz8u7Y0ziayVljZNZMET5B1j0ZZb9gxFfSzzBNgCJP9ohjEJhkedlXgce5BTrYX3sQLQ84tUfW2QDqvnAg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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