癌症病人，哪些肉能多吃，哪些肉不可吃？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肉类中含有<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>丰富的蛋白质，当<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>说到“肉”的时候，常常会觉得它<span style="color: black;">表率</span>着力量、能量、活力。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>上了年纪的人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，就几乎不怎么吃肉，虽然蛋白质是人体不可或缺的营养<span style="color: black;">成份</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>吃的<span style="color: black;">太多</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会对身体有害，尤其当摄入<span style="color: black;">太多</span>的动物肉的时候。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>身体摄入了<span style="color: black;">太多</span>的蛋白质，除了<span style="color: black;">已然</span>满足需求的部分，肝脏会将多余的蛋白质转化为尿素和其他产物，<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>肾脏<span style="color: black;">做为</span>尿液的一部分被排出体外。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你正在接受癌症的治疗，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的过程<span style="color: black;">没</span>非<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了肝脏和肾脏的<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有数以百计的医学出版物和许多组织都有过类似<span style="color: black;">报告</span>：<span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症病人，摄入过量的蛋白质，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是动物蛋白是不健康的。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-352cbf0c72eba0c7b2c3271000c6232d_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就在前不久，世界卫生组织(WHO)<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了<span style="color: black;">这般</span>一份报告，大<span style="color: black;">身体</span>容是经过加工的肉类和红肉都可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>一来，<span style="color: black;">是否</span>就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">大众</span>什么肉都<span style="color: black;">不可</span>吃了呢?答案是：不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>。这份报告并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>都不吃肉，而是让<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>应该<span style="color: black;">选取</span>什么种类的肉，以及吃肉的频率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是位癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">或</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属的话，请您<span style="color: black;">重视</span>下面的这份表单，是世卫组织的小组定义的红色和加工肉，癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>少吃或不吃。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">加工肉：经过腌制、发酵、烟熏或其他过程来<span style="color: black;">加强</span>风味或<span style="color: black;">加强</span>保质期的肉类。这些加工肉<span style="color: black;">其中</span>，大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>含有猪肉或牛肉，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还含有红肉、家禽、内脏等。<span style="color: black;">包含</span>：热狗、火腿、香肠、咸牛肉、牛肉干、肉罐头、酱汁肉(例如某些种类的肉酱)</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-5f3d73e49a57c34c23484170be372a2a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">红肉<span style="color: black;">便是</span>指所有哺乳动物身上红色的肌肉部分，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>：牛肉、猪肉(除去白肉的部分)、羊肉、马</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">那<span style="color: black;">是否</span>干脆就什么肉都不吃呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然不是，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>什么肉都不吃很容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>营养不良，反而<span style="color: black;">有害</span>于病情<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>。虽然上面<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>肉都不<span style="color: black;">能够</span>吃，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>家禽和鱼类的摄入来<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>动物蛋白。尤其是<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>的鸡肉，被世界卫生组织<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>为蛋白质的好<span style="color: black;">源自</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">到底</span>该怎么吃呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗前：在还<span style="color: black;">无</span>接受手术、放化疗的治疗之前，打好营养的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>很<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>本着营养<span style="color: black;">平衡</span>的原则搭配一日三餐，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>体重减轻的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，就应该<span style="color: black;">运用</span>营养品<span style="color: black;">或</span>中药进行<span style="color: black;">护理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗期：在治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是手术、放化疗等治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>，身体会受到很大的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>治疗的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>很大，大部分都会食欲低下，身体消瘦。在<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>方面<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>进行<span style="color: black;">调节</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>多吃<span style="color: black;">有些</span>好消化的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，比较忌讳大补特补，做到少食多餐。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-99219d8e3763d865e25cf46474ecd64f_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗后：结束治疗后，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>掉以轻心，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>营养跟不上，很容易给癌细胞趁虚而入的机会。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>你<span style="color: black;">必须</span>“加餐”，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>自己的口味做<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">调节</span>，尽可能的快速恢复自己的元气，一举战胜癌细胞。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">举例：卵巢癌病人<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>指南</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>经历手术、化疗及肿瘤本身或其产生的腹水对消化道压迫<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>减少，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>营养不良的问题。当<span style="color: black;">显现</span>营养不良<span style="color: black;">情况</span>后，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>营养物质的缺乏<span style="color: black;">引起</span>免疫力低下，影响术后伤口愈合，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>了术后并发症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>营养不良<span style="color: black;">情况</span>又会延缓化疗的进行，化疗后<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>的恶心、呕吐等不良反应会进一步加剧营养不良的<span style="color: black;">情况</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">那样</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>怎么发现自己可能会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的营养不良<span style="color: black;">情况</span>呢？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在家的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>自我监测体重及BMI，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>术后<span style="color: black;">病人</span>每半个月记录自己的体重，化疗<span style="color: black;">病人</span>记录每次化疗前后的体重，<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>每三个月记录一次体重。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">体重指数（BMI）则更能反映一个人的营养状态，BMI=体重（<span style="color: black;">公斤</span>）/身高（m）的平方，正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>的标准BMI值在18.5-24之间，当BMI＜18.5时营养不良<span style="color: black;">危害</span>较高，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进一步做全面的营养<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">部分接受程度较高者，<span style="color: black;">也</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>参照以下筛查<span style="color: black;">工具</span>自我<span style="color: black;">评定</span>营养不良<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>总分≥2<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进一步做全面的营养<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">注：总分≥2分提示存在营养不良的<span style="color: black;">危害</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.当<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了营养不良<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，我<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>应该<span style="color: black;">重视</span>什么？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①改变进餐频率如少食多餐，<span style="color: black;">每日</span>的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>分5~6次给予，多种方式<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<span style="color: black;">意见</span>在舒适愉快的环境下进餐，<span style="color: black;">保准</span>每餐进餐时间20-30min；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③如有味觉改变,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选择</span><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的口味，少苦辣<span style="color: black;">食品</span>；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④<span style="color: black;">针对</span>接受化疗<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>宜清淡；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤对经口摄入<span style="color: black;">食品</span>困难<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,用餐时<span style="color: black;">选取</span>合适的体位，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>采取坐位或半卧位；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑥合并黏膜炎<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">细细咀嚼</span>，<span style="color: black;">食品</span>质软，避免辛辣刺激性<span style="color: black;">食品</span>；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑦便秘<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，多植物油<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，多纤维素食；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑧腹泻<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，改善肠道环境，<span style="color: black;">增多</span>益生菌摄入。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-11cf36acfb3281ff4234afd1c18fdfc8_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.当<span style="color: black;">调节</span>了<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>结构和<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>频率后，依旧有体重下降的趋势，该怎么办？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">首选肠内营养制剂进行<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>。术前、化疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>随访<span style="color: black;">病人</span>如存在体重下降，有营养<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>可口服高蛋白肠内营养制剂，<span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>口服营养<span style="color: black;">弥补</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的能量400~600kcal<span style="color: black;">才可</span>更好地发挥口服营养<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>两餐之间<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>,如上午9点、下午3点和<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>8点。如食欲<span style="color: black;">不良</span>者，可在肠内治疗<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>可<span style="color: black;">增多</span>食欲的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，如甲地孕酮160mg<span style="color: black;">每日</span>一次，消化酶、益生菌、维生素和微量营养素等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>经口<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>，<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>肠内营养制剂后依旧<span style="color: black;">不可</span>满足每日能量需求，怎么办？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">您<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>肠外营养制剂进行营养<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>，即<span style="color: black;">经过</span>静脉输注营养制剂，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会将人体所<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的碳水化合物、氨基酸、脂肪、电解质、微量元素、维生素等<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">成分</span>按<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的比例、<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的程序混合于一玻璃瓶或塑料袋中，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>科学的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>混合配制，严格<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>菌操作规程配制，安全地用于您的身体以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>每日的营养需求。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-b71626462e2ad7240af332220bb8e4ad_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.听有的<span style="color: black;">病友</span>说<span style="color: black;">运用</span>输注肠外营养制剂后，会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>恶心、出汗等不良反应，那<span style="color: black;">是否</span>就<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>呢？还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>什么问题呢？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">少许</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在快速输注氨基酸后，可产生恶心、发热等不良反应，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>降低速度后绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>可耐受。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在接受营养治疗后，可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>水和电解质<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>，为预防其<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会在给与营养治疗的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>①筛查高危的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>②<span style="color: black;">检测</span>电解质水平，<span style="color: black;">即时</span>纠正电解质<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>；如血磷＜0.5mmol/L为高危人群，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>补磷治疗；③<span style="color: black;">能够</span>经验性<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>磷、钾、镁、维生素B1、复合维生素B；④<span style="color: black;">检测</span>心电图等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">意见</span>最初2天的每日供能量<span style="color: black;">不可</span>超过能量需求量的一半，10~15kcal/<span style="color: black;">公斤</span>/d<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,在随后的4~7天时间里逐步<span style="color: black;">增多</span>量摄入直到满足能量需求。<span style="color: black;">这里</span>过程中<span style="color: black;">必须</span>严密监测循环血容量液体平衡、电解质水平、心率和<span style="color: black;">心率</span>以及临床表现。在营养治疗过程中，需<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>维生素B1200~300mg/d及微量元素。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号延伸阅读：</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">网页链接</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"></span>mp.weixin.qq.com/s/jadUW9dPXkZI-nGc6OsZLQ</span></span><span style="color: black;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-8cdccc903e4198775ad590b17683c377_180x120.jpg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></a></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤治疗病情解答会在（<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号：乐启生再生医学）解答，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>医者的仁心为您<span style="color: black;">供给</span>我最大的能力的<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</p>
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